Sports Studies Commons^™

Proposal Of An Observation Sheet For Basketball Players’ Performance Assessment, Andrzej Szwarc, Izabela Lekner

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a research tool used for an assessment of basketball players’ performance. Material/Methods: First, research of the subject literature was made and a preliminary outline of an assessment sheet for basketball players was developed. Next, after causing test observation, the final model of the observation sheet was prepared, and its reliability was evaluated. To measure the inter-observer agreement three experts independently viewed the same game, where they had to assess different components of game performance using the newly developed instrument. The inter- and intra-observer agreement was calculated by means of the kappa-values. …

Aerobic And Anaerobic Endurance Of Disabled Swimmers In Special Preparation Sub-Period, Rafal Szafraniec, Wojciech Seidel, Dawid Kruszyna, Anna Zurowska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether, in addition to an expected increase in anaerobic endurance, aerobic endurance of disabled swimmers would also improve in a special preparation sub-period. Furthermore, decision was made to examine whether the applied tests prove sufficiently sensitive for swimmers with disabilities as well. Material/Methods: The study included 12 disabled swimmers from a section of the Polish Sports Association for the Disabled “START” Wroclaw. Two standardized tests were used. The T-30 test was used to evaluate aerobic endurance and the 6x50 m test was applied to estimate anaerobic endurance. For all analyzed parameters …

Directions And Ways Of Executing Judo Throws During Judo Contests As A Control Criterion Of An Individual’S Training Versatility, Marek Adam, Radoslaw Laskowski, Miroslaw Smaruj

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Symmetry of movement actions in sport is considered as an element of versatility which enlarges an individual’s technical and tactical capacity. Asymmetry usually limits this capacity and may also lead to overstrains of one side of the body and cause an injury. The research is done on health aspects and practical improvement in sport contest. Up-to-date research on judo contest effectiveness has been aimed at the ability of throwing into various directions. There is no material and data as compared to the directions of throwing and effective directions of the opponent’s attack. The purpose of this research was to …

The Long Lasting Effects Of Whole Body Rotation Vibration In A Fitness Exercise Program On Flexibility And Motor Coordination In Young Females, Tomasz Tomiak, Maria Agnieszka Niewiadomska, Mariusz Zasada, Ludmila J. Melnik, Viktor S. Mishchenko, Stanislaw Sawczyn

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the study was to determine additional effects of 8 weeks’ whole body rotation vibration combined with a fitness exercise program of health-related training on chosen motor coordination abilities and flexibility in young females. Material/Methods: Thirty-seven young females aged 20-25 (students) voluntarily participated in the study. The training program included 24 training sessions which were performed over the course of 8 weeks (3 sessions a week) and was based on basic principles of health-related protocols. The program of sessions was performed by subjects of theexperimental group with a working whole body vibration platform (20 Hz), whereas those …

Ways To Improve The Professional Skills Of Kurash Coaches, Azamkhonov Ashrafkhonovich Oltinkhon

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: It consists in conducting a public survey of kurash coaches and parents of athletes from youth sports schools and pedagogical analysis of the results obtained.

Methods: Analysis of materials of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, mathematical and statistical analysis, questionnaire analysis. Results: In order to make kurash more popular, it was determined that it is necessary to provide full information to parents about the importance of this sport for the health of young people, as well as to create all conditions for the preparation of methodological manuals, the organization of training based on innovative methods, as …

Title Ix Sex Discrimination & Negligence Lawsuit Against Fargo Public School District & The Board Of Education Partially Dismissed, Emily J. Houghton

Human Performance Department Publications

Brian and Jennifer Berg filed a lawsuit as individuals and on behalf of their daughter Regan against the Fargo Public School District (FPSD) and the Board of Education in the City of Fargo in 2021. They argued that Regan faced sex discrimination, deliberate indifference under Title IX, the FPSD Handbook and negligence from FPSD following an alleged sexual assault by a male student off-campus.

Health Locus Of Control Of Polish Undergraduates: Gender, Faculty And Type Of Physical Activity Differences, Monika Guszkowska, Anna Kuk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: To effectively realise professional tasks, physical education (PE) teachers, physiotherapists and personal trainers should be convinced as to the fact that health depends on their behaviour and actions. The aim of the research was to investigate possible differences in health locus of control (HLC) between faculties, gender and type of physical activity. Material/Methods: The subjects were 241 undergraduates (111 female and 130 male ones) from the faculty of physical education (n = 96), tourism and recreation (n = 74) and physiotherapy (n = 71), who practiced sports (n = 101) or were involved in recreational physical activity (n = …

Psychophysical Motivational Effects Of Music On Competitive Swimming, Stefan Szczepan, Leslaw Kulmatycki

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the study was to assess changes in motivation levels in the subjects who were provided with motivational music (independent variable). The additional aim was to establish differences between two study groups in terms of swimming effectiveness. Material/Methods: The employed research method relied on a laboratory experiment. The study included 8 subjects involved in swimming training. They were divided into two groups – control (C) and experimental (E) ones. The study consisted of three trials during which the subjects swam a distance of 50m front crawl with maximum velocity. In the first trial neither of the groups …

The State Of Knowledge Of Dietary, Physiological And Pharmacological Supplementation And The Preferential Use Of These Substances By Persons Practising Recreational Bodybuilding, Marek Kruszewski, Wladyslaw Jagiello, Rafal Kutwin

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the study was to establish preferential use of dietary, physiological and pharmacological supplementation by persons practising recreational bodybuilding and to check whether it results from the respondents’ knowledge or whether it is accidental. Material/Methods: The group of subjects comprised 100 persons practising recreational bodybuilding in four well-known Lodz gyms. In the study the method of a diagnostic survey was used. A questionnaire containing 31 closed and opened questions constituted the research tool. Results: It was demonstrated that the state of knowledge concerning dietary supplementation is insufficient, despite its optimistic self-assessment, and because of that the preferences …

Physical Effort Ability In Counter Movement Jump Depending On The Kind Of Warm-Up And Surface Temperature Of The Quadriceps, Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk, Dariusz Boguszewski, Marcin Siewierski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this research was an attempt at qualifying the influence of various kinds of warm-up on physical effort ability, as well as examining whether there exists any dependence between the surface temperature of the quadricipital muscle of the thigh and the power expressed with the height of counter movement jump (CMJ). Material/Methods: In the research thermographic imaging and dynamometric platform were used. The subjects performed the CMJ test in 3 separate sessions – without any warm-up and then after preparation (1st session – jogtrot; 2nd session – jogtrot and stretching exercises; 3 session – dynamic warm up …

Application Of The As-4 Software In Research On Players’ Kinematics On A Large Area In 3d Coordinates As An Alternative To Commercial Programs, Piotr Aschenbrenner, Wlodzimierz S. Erdmann, Patrycja Lipinska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: In this work an original computer program for the video analysis of players on a large area by using a single camera is presented. Video analysis is one of the basic research techniques of human movement applied in sport. A set of cameras and special computer software is used for this purpose. Many companies provide hardware and software, but, unfortunately, their high cost and difficulty in usage are their major drawbacks. In order to simplify and reduce the costs of data analysis (obtained from a single camera), AS-4 program was developed. Material/Methods: The program includes an original algorithm which …

Relationships Between Chosen Motor And Morphological Characteristics Of Young Men And Women: Longitudinal Research, Marek Drozdowski, Ewa Ziolkowska-Lajp

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Disadvantageous tendencies bound with a growing distance between the somatic development and motor condition of children and youth raise well understood anxiety, as these phenomena endanger health and fitness of future generations. The aim of this work is to verify if the above-mentioned phenomenon may be referred to youth groups for whom physical activity and motor development are important elements of everyday life. Material/Methods: Between 1983 and 2009 data on a total of 7,663 men and 7,368 women from Poznan AWF (University School of Physical Education) were collected annually at the same time each year. Information was collected on …

Proposal To Use An Obstructed Timed “Up & Go” Test To Assess The Risk Of Falling In Healthy Elderly Individuals, Masanobu Uchiyama, Shinichi Demura

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Obstacles are a common cause of falls. Mobility tests for healthy elderly that involve maneuvering over an obstacle have not been fully developed. We have shown that a small box placed on the walkway of a representative mobility test, the Timed Up & Go (TUG) for the frail elderly, influences the test performances of the healthy female elderly. However, the validity of this obstructed TUG (OTUG) as a fall risk assessment tool has not yet been clarified. This study examined the relationship between the OTUG and the fall risk for the healthy elderly. Material/Methods: 66 healthy community-dwelling elderly and …

Students’ Knowledge Concerning The Correct Squat And The Elements Of The Methodology Of Teaching It, Dariusz Czaprowski, Agnieszka Kedra, Ryszard Biernat

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: A squat is one of the exercises commonly applied in sport, in school physical education classes, among amateurs practising recreational sport as well as in rehabilitation of children and elderly people. The role of the preventive effect of the correctly performed squat on the musculo-skeletal system is particularly highlighted, while threats posed by an incorrect performance of the exercise are simultaneously indicated. The aim of the work was to define the knowledge of students concerning the methodology of teaching the correct squat and to present methodological fundamentals in this field. Material/Methods: The research involved 412 students of physical education …

Factors Determining The Level Of Physical Activity Among Warsaw Institutes Employees, Elzbieta Biernat

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The evaluation of physical activity level of scientists and determining factors which influence the physical activity. Getting to know the characteristics of the group and observing its behavior can lead to pro-healthy campaign. Material/Methods: Research was conducted on 301 Warsaw scientific institutes employees (NIPH-NIH –82 persons, IMWM – 50 persons, IPPLM – 39 persons, BRI – 50 persons NFNI – 80 persons). A questionnaire was applied. Analysis was made with the usage of SPSS v.17. In accordance with WHO classifications, the interviewed were divided into active (n=162) and non-active (n=139). The active group consisted of persons with a high …

Age-Related Differences Of Hamstring Flexibility In Male Soccer Players, Pantelis Theo Nikolaïdis

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age and hamstring flexibility of male soccer players and to provide reference data. Material/Methods: The study comprised 698 male subjects. The largest group consisted of male adolescents (n = 597; aged 10-22 years, yrs), further subdivided into six two-year age groups; the other two groups being children (n = 21, younger than 10 yrs) and adult players (n = 80; older than 22 yrs). All of those who participated in our study were members of competitive soccer clubs. They were examined for anthropometric characteristics, body composition, and performed …

The Efficiency Of Players Of Action-Effective Football Teams In One Against One Situations, Andrzej Szwarc, Krzysztof Kromke, Patrycja Lipinska

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to identify and compare the efficiency of action-effective football players in one against one situations (1x1). Material/Methods: The game of winning teams’ players was observed in four matches and two semi-final meetings of the European Championships tournament in 2004 and 2008. Visual recording was monitored using a freeze-frame function and data about the players’ game were recorded on observation sheet by Szwarc. The activity, effectiveness and reliability of individual offensive and defensive actions were estimated. Results: It was found that on average players of the best teams in Europe participated in 216 1x1 …

The Effect Of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplement On Lactic Acid, Ammonia And The Performance Of 400 Meters Male Runners, Roghaye Jadidi Pouzash, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Jadidi Jabriel Pouzesh, Karim Alamdari Azali, Hoseyn Fatolahi

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anaerobic performance and some plasma metabolites. Material/Methods: 16 young male athletes (age 20.58±3.25, Height 175.33±2.48 cm and BMI 21.57±2.68 kg/m2) participated in two 400 m running sessions one hour following sodium bicarbonate or placebo (calcium bicarbonate) supplementation with the counterbalanced order. There were three blood sampling phases (resting condition, 30 min after supplementation and 2 min after 400 m running) in both of the sessions and the blood pH; ammonia, lactate, and HCO3- levels were measured. Results: The results showed that running time …

The Effect Of Immediate Verbal Feedback On The Efficiency And The Effectiveness Of Swimming, Krystyna Zaton, Stefan Szczepan

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to determine differences in stroke length and swimming time over a distance of 25m in a control and an experimental group from the provision of immediate verbal feedback. Material/Methods: The study involved 10 people practicing swimming. They were divided into an experimental and a control group. The subjects performed four trials, swimming the front crawl technique at the distance of 25 meters with a maximum speed. A specially designed research tool enabled the swimmers to obtain immediate verbal feedback during the test. In the control group no immediate verbal feedback was provided. In …

An Interaction Between Exercise Order And Rest Interval During Lower-Body Resistance Exercise, Hamid Arazi, Bahman Mirzaei, Morteza Sangdevini, Mohammad Reza Hossein Abadi

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of two- and five-minute rest intervals on the number of repetitions per set and total repetitions per exercise for a lower-body workout performed in 2 different sequences. Material/Methods: 12 resistance trained men completed 4 experimental resistance exercise sessions. All sessions consisted of 3 sets with a 10-repetition maximum load for 4 lower-body exercises. Two different exercise sequences (i.e., A or B) were performed with either 2- or 5- minute rest between the sets and the exercises, respectively. The order of exercises for sequence A2 (SEQA2) and sequence A5 …