Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons^™

Trends In Medicalisation Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: What Do The Data Reveal?, Bettina Shell-Duncan, Carolyne Njue, Zhuzhi Moore

Reproductive Health

Despite the emergence of international consensus that female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a violation of human rights, a focus on medicalization remains salient because of concerns that FGM/C is increasingly being performed by healthcare professionals and may be impeding progress toward abandonment of FGM/C. To investigate these claims, this study draws on nationally representative survey data from 26 countries, and addresses the following three questions: 1) What are the major patterns and trends in medicalisation? 2) Is there an association between medicalization and rates of change in prevalence of FGM/C? and 3) Is there an association between medicalization and support …

Understanding Medicalisation Of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (Fgm/C): A Qualitative Study Of Parents And Health Workers In Nigeria, Otibho Obianwu, Adetayo Adetunji, Osasuyi Dirisu

Reproductive Health

This community-based, cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted in four communities in Nigeria’s Delta, and was conceptualized to address gaps in our understanding of medicalization of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and to provide critical evidence needed to effectively design abandonment interventions. The study findings reveal that the social norms driving FGM/C practice remain entrenched despite a shift to medicalization. They also reflect the tendency of parents and health workers to view FGM/C, whether traditional or medicalized, as a minor procedure with few complications and significant benefits that would positively impact a daughter’s future status as a wife and mother. Findings reveal …

Understanding The Key Elements For Designing And Implementing Social Marketing Campaigns To Inform The Development Of Creative Approaches For Fgm/C Abandonment In Sudan, Widad Ali A/Rahman, Samia Al Nagar, Randa H. Gindeel, Arwa Salah

Reproductive Health

Social marketing campaigns (SMCs) have gained prominence in female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) abandonment efforts, but there is a dearth of information on how these programs are designed and implemented, and their perceived impact. Understanding the implementation process and the effectiveness of these campaigns is critical for drawing lessons to improve existing programs and inform the design and scale up of SMCs in other regions/countries. This mixed-method study sought to address this gap by assessing the design and implementation of existing SMC programs in Sudan. While the study findings demonstrate several strengths of existing programs, including strong partnerships and extensive needs …

Residential Solar In Washington State, Sam Pfeifer

All Master's Theses

Electricity generated through residential solar provides a low carbon source of electricity. However, diffusion of residential solar remains low across the United States. Growing this diffusion takes an understanding of localized uptake trends, which can focus policy and business efforts to help increase residential solar market penetration. This is the first research to investigate residential solar uptake in Washington State and to examine environmental education as a potential driver of residential solar uptake. Through a snapshot analysis which considers environmental, economic, education, and cultural variables the present research fills this gap. Triangulated results include mapping of variables, ordinary-least squares multiple …

Retrospective Cohort Study: Clinical Presentation And Outcomes Of Pre-Eclampsia And Eclampsia At Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, Charity Ndwiga, Alfred Osoti, Pooja Sripad, George Odwe, Omondi Ogutu, Charlotte E. Warren

Reproductive Health

Pre-eclampsia has two distinct subtypes: early onset pre-eclampsia, which occurs before 34 weeks of gestation, and late onset pre-eclampsia, which occurs after 34 weeks. Few studies examine and compare early and late onset pre-eclampsia in a low- and middle-income country setting. This study’s goal was to establish a profile of patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, over a two-year period. At Kenya’s national referral hospital, clinical presentation at admission was examined, as was management of complications, along with maternal and newborn health outcomes in the hospital’s maternity unit, to ascertain any differences in health outcomes for …

Life Expectancies With Depression By Age Of Migration And Gender Among Older Mexican Americans, Catherine García, Marc A. Garcia, Chi-Tsun Chiu, Fernando I. Rivera, Mukaila Raji

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Background and Objectives: Prior studies examining depression among older Mexican Americans suggest both women and immigrants are at higher risk of depressive symptomatology than males and U.S.-born Mexican Americans. We use data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly to examine whether life expectancy with depression and without depression varies by nativity, age of migration, and gender.

Research Design and Methods: Sullivan-based life tables were used to estimate depression life expectancies among Mexican Americans aged 65 years and older residing in the Southwestern United States. Depression is based on the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies …

Aging On Nantucket: A Community Needs Assessment, Caitlin Coyle, Jan Mutchler

Center for Social and Demographic Research on Aging Publications

This report describes efforts undertaken by the Nantucket Center for Elder Affairs, Inc. (NCEA), in partnership with the Center for Social & Demographic Research on Aging within the Gerontology Institute at the University of Massachusetts Boston. The purpose of these efforts was to investigate the needs, interests, preferences, and opinions of Nantucket’s older residents. The focus of this report is on the cohort of Nantucket’s residents age 60 and older. The contents of this report are intended to inform NCEA, the Saltmarsh Senior Center, the Council on Aging, the Town of Nantucket, and organizations that provide services to older residents, …

Birds Of Passage No Longer? The Mexican Population Of New York City, 2000 - 2015, Guillermo Yrizar Barbosa

Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies

Introduction: This report examines the Mexican origin population in New York City in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015.

Methods: This report is based on US Census Bureau’s Public Use Microdata Series (PUMS) data for 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 organized and released by IPUMS USA at the Minnesota Population Center of the University of Minnesota. The author is very thankful to Averi Giudicessi for providing research support and editorial assistance to complete this report.

Results: The Big Apple’s Mexican origin population increased consistently from approximately 195,000 in 2000 to 376,000 in 2015. Mexicans retained their position as the third largest …

Effects Of A Government-Academic Partnership: Has The Nsf-Census Bureau Research Network Helped Improve The U.S. Statistical System?, Daniel H. Weinberg,, John M. Abowd, Robert F. Belli, Noel Cressie, David C. Folch, S. H. Holan, Margaret C. Levenstein, Kristen Olson, Jerome P. Reiter, Matthew D. Shapiro, Jolene Smyth, Leen-Kiat Soh, Bruce D. Spencer, Seth E. Spielman, Lars Vilhuber, Christopher K. Wikle

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

The National Science Foundation-Census Bureau Research Network (NCRN) was established in 2011 to create interdisciplinary research nodes on methodological questions of interest and significance to the broader research community and to the Federal Statistical System (FSS), particularly to the Census Bureau. The activities to date have covered both fundamental and applied statistical research and have focused at least in part on the training of current and future generations of researchers in skills of relevance to surveys and alternative measurement of economic units, households, and persons. This article focuses on some of the key research findings of the eight nodes, organized …

อิทธิพลของความรักความเข้าใจในครอบครัวต่อคุณธรรมจริยธรรมของเด็กและเยาวชนไทย, มนทกานติ์ รอดคล้าย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยในครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาอิทธิพลของความรักความเข้าใจในครอบครัวที่เกิดขึ้นระหว่างเด็กและเยาวชนกับครอบครัวของตนต่อคุณธรรมจริยธรรมของเด็กและเยาวชน โดยศึกษาสถานการณ์ความรักความเข้าใจในครอบครัวและปัจจัยที่เกี่ยวข้อง รวมทั้งศึกษาวิธีการและแนวทางการเลี้ยงดูลูกของพ่อแม่ผู้ปกครอง แบบแผนการวิจัยเป็นแบบผสมผสานระหว่างการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณและเชิงคุณภาพ โดยข้อมูลเชิงปริมาณที่ใช้นำมาจากข้อมูลทุติยภูมิจากโครงการสำรวจสถานการณ์เด็กและเยาวชนไทย พ.ศ.2558: ตามกรอบคุณลักษณะที่พึงประสงค์ ที่ได้รับการอนุเคราะห์จากวิทยาลัยประชากรศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย และวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลรวมถึงเปรียบเทียบผลการศึกษาด้วยสถิติการถดถอยพหุคูณ ในขณะที่การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพใช้วิธีการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกเพื่อให้ทราบมุมมองและแนวทางการเลี้ยงดูลูกของพ่อแม่ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับคุณธรรมจริยธรรมของเด็กและเยาวชน ผลการศึกษาพบว่า ความรักความเข้าใจในครอบครัวมีอิทธิพลต่อคุณธรรมจริยธรรมของเด็กเป็นอย่างมากและเป็นไปในทางบวก โดยหากเด็กและเยาวชนได้รับความรักความเข้าใจในครอบครัวมากจะมีความสัมพันธ์ต่อคุณธรรมจริยธรรมส่วนตนให้เป็นไปในทางบวกเช่นกัน นอกจากนี้ปัจจัยลักษณะประชากรของเด็กและเยาวชนบางประการมีอิทธิพลต่อคุณธรรมจริยธรรมของเด็กเช่นกัน ประกอบด้วย ภาคที่อยู่อาศัย เพศ อายุ และการศึกษา ในขณะที่มีปัจจัยลักษณะครัวเรือนเพียงบางประการเท่านั้นที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณธรรมจริยธรรม และปัจจัยลักษณะผู้ปกครองเป็นเพียงปัจจัยเดียวที่ไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณธรรมจริยธรรม นอกจากนี้ผลการศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพพบว่า พ่อแม่เลี้ยงดูลูกด้วยความเอาใจใส่และพร้อมที่จะให้ความรักความเข้าใจแก่ลูกอยู่เสมอ อีกทั้งยังตระหนักและมุ่งเน้นที่จะปลูกฝังคุณธรรมจริยธรรมพื้นฐานแก่ลูกของตนโดยคุณธรรมหลักที่เน้นปลูกฝังได้แก่ ความซื่อสัตย์และรับผิดชอบต่อหน้าที่โดยมุ่งหวังให้ลูกเป็นคนดีของครอบครัวและสังคม การศึกษาครั้งนี้สามารถนำไปเป็นแนวทางในการวางแผนและจัดทำยุทธศาสตร์ในการพัฒนาครอบครัวอย่างถูกวิธี เพื่อส่งเสริมการให้ความรักความเข้าใจในครอบครัวอันจะช่วยเสริมสร้างผลผลิตหรือเด็กและเยาวชนที่มีคุณธรรมจริยธรรมอันเป็นสมาชิกของสังคมที่มีคุณภาพ

Disability Crossover: Is There A Hispanic Immigrant Health Advantage That Reverses From Working To Old Age?, Mara Getz Sheftel, Frank W. Heiland

Publications and Research

BACKGROUND Hispanic immigrants have been found to be more likely to have a disability than US-born populations. Studies have primarily focused on populations aged 60 and older; little is known about immigrant disability at younger ages.

OBJECTIVE Taking a broader perspective, we investigate whether Hispanic immigrants have lower disability rates in midlife; if so, at what ages this health advantage reverses; and the correlates of this pattern.

METHODS Using American Community Survey 2010–2014 data, we estimate age-specific disability prevalence rates by gender, nativity, education, and migration age from age 40 to 80. We also present estimates by six types of …

Insights And Evidence Gaps In Girl-Centered Programming: A Systematic Review, Nicole Haberland, Katharine Mccarthy, Martha Brady

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Increased attention to the needs of adolescent girls has led to a growing number of programs in low- and middle-income countries. Questions remain, however, about what aspects of program design are most effective. This hinders efforts to effectively allocate resources, scale up programs, and replicate results across settings. This review looks at how the number of program components, involvement of supporting actors who influence the lives of girls, supplemental “booster” activities, intervention exposure level, and community saturation level influenced outcomes for girls. While findings suggest the importance of multicomponent programs and longer program exposure, each area requires further rigorous research …

Delivering Impact For Adolescent Girls: Emerging Findings From Population Council Research, Population Council

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Despite numerous global commitments to invest in improving the lives of adolescent girls, questions remain as to what package of interventions can deliver the best outcomes. This report synthesizes findings from nine recent Population Council impact evaluations, conducted around the world, which indicate that empowerment and asset-building interventions for adolescent girls can improve education, health, economic, social capital, gender-equitable attitude, and violence outcomes for girls. The report includes implications for programs and investment, and identifies open questions for further research and evaluation.

Estimating Population Growth Of Las Vegas, Ryan Desacola, Jacob Valadez, Ryan S. Tan

Math 365 Class Projects

An issue we have identified is Las Vegas' population growth. To those that live in Las Vegas, many know that Las Vegas is one of the fastest-growing cities in the United States of America; due to its rampant growth, projecting future population growth is of utmost importance in order to prepare public utilities, housing developments, and other such services for the inevitable incrase. Consequently, for our project, we are attempting to extrapolate upon existing population growth trends (identified by censuses of years past) and utilize the method of least squares to turn out extrapolation into a mathematical prediction.

Rock Paper Scissors And Evolutionary Game Theory, Christian Cordova, Rudolf Jovero, Evan Thomas

Math 365 Class Projects

In Rock Paper Scissors (RPS), three different "species" compete, but no single species has a dominating strategy. In evolutionary game theory, replicator equations model population densities over time. When a mutation is introduced, they are called "replicator-mutator" equations. Using the replicator-mutator equation in [1] we have shown how population density of three species change.

Black Males, Trauma, And Mental Health Service Use: A Systematic Review., Robert Motley, Andrae Banks

Brown School Faculty Publications

Objective: To systematically review the evidence of and synthesize results from relevant studies that have examined barriers and facilitators to professional mental health service use for Black male trauma survivors ages 18 and older.

Methods: A thorough search of selected databases that included EBSCO, ProQuest, and Web of Science Core Collection and careful consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded a final six studies for detailed review.

Results: Black male trauma survivors were significantly less likely to be utilizing mental health services than other sex-ethnic groups. High levels of daily crises, a lack of knowledge of steps to …

Exploring Factors Related To Acceptance Of 1:1 Devices Among High School Students, Victoria Therriault

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

Studies show that students in lower socioeconomic status (SES) districts tend to have fewer resources, and in turn have greater achievement gaps than their affluent peers from neighboring districts. In an effort to bridge these gaps, schools have turned to 1:1 computing to bring electronic resources to their students that they might not have otherwise. However, to date there are minimal studies indicating whether or not high school students are willing to accept technology for classroom instructional purposes. This study examined the extent to which student demographic characteristics (e.g., sex, race/ethnicity, SES) are related to their acceptance of Chromebook use …

Factors Contributing To Juvenile Crime Leading To The Disparity Of The Risk Levels For Secure Detainment, Dawn Prystajko

Theses and Dissertations

The main purpose of this research was to explore the factors that contributed to juvenile crime which in turn caused disparity in secure detainment among juveniles. This was based upon the alternate hypothesis that there is a noticeable disparity with minority youths being more securely detained opposed to majority youths. Therefore, the research was designed to examine raw data obtained from the Juvenile Justice Services Planner/JDAI Coordinator of the excel database of juvenile arrests/detainment.

The findings revealed several key points. The finding revealed that useable data extracted from the excel database was not able to neither agree with nor support …

Socio - Economic Determinants Of Teen Pregnancies In Mozambique, Arnaldo Timoteo Mandlate

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Teen pregnancy is considered a worldwide public health issue. According to United Nations Population Fund (2014), Mozambique was reported to be the country with the highest teen pregnancy rate in the Southern Africa region. From 2011 to 2015, the proportion of pregnant teens rose significantly from 38% to 46% (IMASIDA, 2015). Thereby, it is important to study factors leading to teen pregnancy incidence in order to draw policy recommendations in the issue. Previous studies in Mozambique applied a qualitative approach. This study fills the literature gaps using the binary logistic regression with a national cross- sectional dataset provided by IMASIDA-Demographic …

Socio-Economic And Demographic Determinants Of Modern Contraceptive Utilization Among Currently Married Women In Myanmar, Kyaw Than Min

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The key purpose of this study is to explore socio-economic and demographic characteristics that influence modern contraceptive use of currently married women aged 15-49 in Myanmar. This study is contributing to fill the literature gaps at the national level. Even though there have been a number of studies on modern contraceptive use and family planning in Myanmar, these studies did not represent the whole nation. This study utilizes data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) 2015-16, a national level cross-sectional dataset. Based on the study, the currently married women in this study included 6,597 women in Myanmar, 51 …