Criminology Commons^™

Men's Violence Against Women: A Comparative Review Of Which Programs Work Best, Yeliani R. Valdez

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

One in four women have been a victims of Domestic Violence (DV) in their lifetime by an intimate partner. Men's violence against women is a public health issue that continues to persist today. Much of the larger conversations remains in finding the best solutions and allocating resources in order to reduce men's violence against women. Men's violence against women has impacted various families' and allowed a cycle of violence to persist.

There are a variety of treatment options for men who batter women in the literature. The most prominent ones include anger management, incarceration, couples counseling and batterer interventions programs. …

From Doldrums To Progressing Knowledge: Identifying Stifling Issues In Criminological Theory Building And Testing, Christopher M. Campbell, Melanie-Angela Neuilly

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the explanation of crime, although each social science has a primary focus of theoretical development, there are a number of areas where disciplines unwittingly parallel one another. Such parallel development promotes unnecessary competition among theories and prevents them from progressing knowledge. Additionally, theorists often discard related concepts presented by other disciplines, if they considered at all, which is indicative of an imbalance in the disciplinary frame of reference (e.g., psychology over sociology). Such imbalance and lack of cross-referencing impedes the ability of theories to adequately explain and understand criminality. This paper revisits how the theorizing of crime may benefit …

Predicting Staff Assault In Juvenile Correctional Facilities, Howard Henderson

Center for Justice Research Reports

This study examines the predictive utility of the community-based Positive Achievement Change Tool–Prescreen (PACT-PS) for staff assault in a sample of 787 state-committed male youth. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated the PACT-PS failed to predict staff assault across racial/ethnic groups. Notably, this study also found youth with serious delinquent histories and prior commitments improved the PACT-PS’s ability to predict staff assault. Limitations of this study, suggestions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.

Predictive Analytics In The Criminal Justice System: Media Depictions And Framing, Kar Mun Cheng

Honors Program Theses

Artificial intelligence and algorithms are increasingly becoming commonplace in crime-fighting efforts. For instance, predictive policing uses software to predetermine criminals and areas where crime is most likely to happen. Risk assessment software are employed in sentence determination and other courtroom decisions, and they are also being applied towards prison overpopulation by assessing which inmates can be released. Public opinion on the use of predictive software is divided: many police and state officials support it, crediting it with lowering crime rates and improving public safety. Others, however, have questioned its effectiveness, citing civil liberties concerns as well as the possibility of …

Assessment Of The Impacts Of Marijuana Legalization In Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Michael Lynch

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As marijuana legalization expands in the United States, communities that are shifting rapidly from prohibition to legalization are impacted greatly. As South Dakota remains one of the only states in the nation that has not engaged the marijuana reform movement in any manner, it is vital to assess potential impacts marijuana legalization might have on the state. Although there are several marijuana impact reports that analyze potential health and economic impacts of legalization, few address political and criminological implications that impacted areas undergo as a result of this policy change. Subsequently, there is a need to analyze the impacts of …

Same-Sex And Opposite-Sex Stalking In The United States: An Exploration Of The Correlates Of Informal And Formal Coping Strategies Of The Victims, Fawn T. Ngo

Criminology Sarasota Manatee Campus Faculty Publications

The purpose of the current study is to explore the correlates of informal and formal coping strategies in same-sex and opposite-sex stalking contexts. More specifically, using four sex dyads - female victims who were stalked by a male (M-F), male victims who were stalked by a female (F-M), female victims who were stalked by a female (F-F), and male victims who were stalked by a male (M-M) - this study examined the effects of three incident and four victim and offender characteristic variables on six informal and formal coping strategies. The results reveal more similarities than differences in terms of …

Social Control, Family Structure, And Juvenile Delinquency In Fragile Families, Alison Van Glad

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Families come in many different structures and sizes, therefore; it is critical to examine how families impact children. Empirical research has shown that a child’s upbringing has the potential to influence delinquent behavior. However, existing literature using Fragile Families has not tested this association at the most recent wave. This thesis examines the relationship between family structure, relationships with parents, conventional beliefs, parental incarceration and juvenile delinquency at age 15 using Hirschi’s social control theory. Data from year 15 of Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing is employed to test these relationships using ordinary least squares regression models. Models one through …

The Impacts Of Hiv-Specific Criminal Laws On Hiv Serostatus Disclosure, Risk Behaviors, And Hiv Testing, Shao-Chiu Juan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Before the advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), many states enacted and strictly enforced laws that criminalized HIV transmission. These laws were enacted to prevent HIV-infected individuals from knowingly transmitting the virus to the uninfected. Over the past two decades, however, questions have been raised regarding the effectiveness of HIV criminalization and its unintended consequences. For example, there is little evidence that the criminalization of HIV transmission has been effective in reducing the spread of the disease, particularly when compared to education and other prevention efforts. Moreover, stigmatization associated with criminalization may actually undermine public health efforts. The dissertation aims to …

Perceptions Of Justice : Views Of Jailed Defendants On Procedural And Distributive Justice, Kirstin Anne Morgan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The current study examines defendant perceptions of their recent experiences in one of two criminal courts in an urban-suburban county. Forty-three interviews were conducted with jail sentenced participants, during which they were asked about the perceived fairness of the case process and outcomes, as well as their relationship with their defense attorney for the case. This study was undertaken to answer four research questions: 1) Are the concepts of procedural and distributive justice related from the defendant perspective? 2) Are perceptions of procedural justice related to satisfaction with case outcomes? 3) Are perceptions of procedural justice related to satisfaction with …

The Criminological Implications Of Moral Foundations, Jasmine Renee Silver

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Judgments about morality play an important role in several areas of crime and justice. This dissertation applies Haidt’s Moral Foundations Theory (MFT)—which posits that judgments about morality are intuitive and pluralistic—to develop a theoretical framework for understanding the role of moral cognition in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to crime and justice. I also draw on research suggesting that people make moral judgments separately about moral agents (e.g., offenders) and moral patients (e.g., victims). Specifically, via an offender-centered theoretical framework, I argue that endorsement of moral foundations that promote moral concerns that are specific to one’s ingroup (a binding motive) …

An Exploration Of Caregiver Engagement In Residential Treatment For Youth, Raquel Moriarty Derrick

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Support for caregiver engagement in their child’s residential treatment is widespread and growing because of the benefits of caregiver engagement to a youth’s treatment process. This dissertation explores the construct of caregiver engagement, defined as caregiver motivation and expectation for their child’s treatment, caregiver bond with staff and caregiver collaboration on treatment goals and tasks among a cohort of 101 caregivers with a child in a Residential Treatment Center (RTC). Mixed methods were used to qualitatively and quantitatively explore caregiver perspectives and experiences that contribute to or detract from their level of engagement in their child’s treatment process. Findings reveal …

The Comparative Lethality Of Two Disparate World Regions : An Examination Of Latin America And Europe To Explain Discrepant Homicide Trends, Karise Marie Curtis

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Within recent decades, homicide rates in Latin American nations have strongly diverged from those of European nations. The former experienced a sharp increase in the last two decades, while the latter have experienced the oft-characterized “modern crime decline.” However, few studies have endeavored to explain this divergence, and many that do often attribute any differences to a regional dummy variable said to characterize some unique phenomenon occurring in the region (i.e., machismo) without modeling specifically for levels of said phenomenon. As such, this study uses a panel extension of a well-known homicide model (Land, McCall, & Cohen, 1990) in a …

การปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีในประเทศไทยตามข้อกำหนดกรุงเทพ (Bangkok Rules), สตรีรัตน์ แสงวิเชียร์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาเรื่อง "การปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีในประเทศไทยตามข้อกำหนด (Bangkok Rules" นี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัญหาการปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีในทัณฑสถานหญิงและเรือนจำที่ควบคุมผู้ต้องขังหญิงในประเทศไทยและแนวทางการปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีในประเทศไทยให้สอดคล้องตามข้อกำหนดกรุงเทพ (Bangkok Rules) การศึกษานี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ โดยศึกษาจากเอกสารและการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก (In-depth Interview) ผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีที่อาศัยอยู่ในเรือนจำ/ทัณฑสถานตั้งแต่ 6 เดือนขึ้นไปจำนวน 9 คน ผู้ซึ่งถูกควบคุมตัวอยู่ในทัณฑสถานหญิงธนบุรี เรือนจำกลางสมุทรสงคราม และเรือนจำจังหวัดพระนครศรีอยุธยา อีกทั้งสัมภาษณ์เจ้าหน้าที่ผู้ปฏิบัติงานรวม 6 คน และผู้เชี่ยวชาญเฉพาะด้านทัณฑวิทยา ผลการศึกษาพบว่าปัญหาการปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีในทัณฑสถานหญิงและเรือนจำ ได้แก่ ปัญหาด้านสถานที่คับแคบไม่เพียงพอต่อจำนวนผู้ต้องขัง ส่งผลให้ไม่สามารถแยกคุมขังได้ รวมถึงพื้นที่ไม่มีสัดส่วนในการทำกิจกรรมต่าง ๆ ด้านงบประมาณจากรัฐไม่เพียงพอต่อจำนวนผู้ต้องขัง ระยะเวลาทำกิจกรรมส่วนตัวไม่เพียงพอ/การไม่มีน้ำใช้ คุณภาพอาหารของเรือนจำบางแห่งไม่เหมาะสม การเยี่ยมญาติของเรือนจำบางแห่งแตกต่างจากที่อื่น ซึ่งให้เยี่ยมน้อยเกินไป ผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยเป็นโรคเฉพาะไม่ได้รับการรักษาอย่างเต็มที่ อีกทั้งเจ้าหน้าที่ไม่เพียงพอต่อจำนวนผู้ต้องขังและขาดเจ้าหน้าที่ที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญเฉพาะทาง และขาดมาตรการทางเลือกในการเลี่ยงผู้กระทำผิดเข้าสู่เรือนจำ การค้นพบที่สำคัญในการวิจัยครั้งนี้คือ เรื่องการตรวจค้นตัวผู้ต้องขังที่อดีตเคยมีการค้นลุกล้ำเข้าไปในร่างกาย ซึ่งถือเป็นเรื่องที่ละเมิดสิทธิมนุษยชนเป็นอย่างยิ่ง โดยจากการศึกษาไม่พบการปฏิบัติเช่นนั้นแก่ผู้ต้องขังแล้ว ข้อเสนอแนะจากผลการศึกษา มีดังนี้ ข้อเสนอแนะเชิงนโยบาย 1)ข้อเสนอให้มีการลดการควบคุมผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีในเรือนจำ 2)ข้อเสนอให้มีการแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมพรบ.ราชทัณฑ์ ในประเด็นที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีให้มีความชัดเจน 3)ควรมีการใช้มาตรการเลี่ยงโทษจำคุก ข้อเสนอแนะเชิงปฏิบัติการต่อทัณฑสถาน 1)ควรเพิ่มอัตรากำลังเจ้าหน้าที่ในสัดส่วนที่มากขึ้น 2) ควรเพิ่มเวลาการทำกิจกรรมส่วนตัว ข้อเสนอแนะเชิงปฏิบัติการต่อเรือนจำชายที่มีแดนหญิง 1) ควรเพิ่มอัตรากำลังเจ้าหน้าที่และเจ้าหน้าที่ที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญเฉพาะ 2)ควรปรับปรุงคุณภาพและปริมาณของอาหารให้เพิ่มมากขึ้น 3) ควรเพิ่มการเยี่ยมญาติ 4) ควรให้เจ้าหน้าที่คัดกรองผู้ต้องขังหญิงระหว่างพิจารณาคดีที่มีโรคประจำตัวเพื่อรับการรักษาที่ต่อเนื่องและป้องกันไม่ให้มีอาการที่รุนแรงมากขึ้น

Perceptions Of People's Experiences Regarding Gun Violence, Charles M. Ndikum

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Gun violence is a problem in many communities across the United States that are characterized by poverty, and lack of quality education, yet little is known about the experiences of victims of gun violence in these places. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to better understand how people who have been victims of gun violence perceive problems and solutions associated with the production, distribution, and ownership of guns. Based on the theoretical framework of Rousseau's social contract theory, this study explored gun violence from the perspectives of 10 victims whose lives were directly or indirectly affected by gun violence …

Effects Department Of Justice Investigations Have On Violent Crime And Arrest Rates, D. Scott Hoffman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In 1994 Congress enacted the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which in part gave the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division (DOJCRD) the power to investigate local law enforcement agencies for Constitutional and civil rights violations. Researchers have found these investigations are expensive, time consuming, and highly intrusive to a law enforcement agency. To understand how these investigations are impacting communities, data were gathered on cities with local law enforcement agencies that have experienced an investigation by the DOJCRD. Using a quasi-experimental, multiple time-series research design with a paired samples t-test, the dependent variables (violent crime and arrest …

Police Culture And Decision-Making, Larry D. Anthony

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Decisions made by street-level police officers during encounters with the public have an immediate and long-lasting effect. Bad choices can cause a loss of trust, respect, and legitimacy for the police in a community and lay a foundation for violent confrontations between officers and citizens. Layers of culture that shape human decisions consist of social and institutional culture, including interactions that shape an individual's culture and beliefs and demographics and technology that affect cultural development. Police culture (which includes these layers of culture and factors like rank, units, and history) shapes attitudes and opinions about communities and people in a …

An Evaluation Of Juvenile Lifers In Pennsylvania Pre And Post Act 33 Of 1995, Kieshia Martin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Act 33 of 1995 is an amendment to Pennsylvania's Juvenile Act (2008). This amendment changed jurisdictional boundaries for juvenile offenders who committed violent crimes with weapons. As a result, youth who committed violent crimes with weapons were automatically transferred to the adult criminal justice system. Using punctuated equilibrium as the theoretical foundation, the purpose of this study was to determine if Act 33, as a punctuating event, resulted in an increase in the number of youth transferred to the adult criminal justice system and sentenced to life without the possibility of parole in an urban county in Pennsylvania. Secondary data …

Length Of Pretrial Detainment For Inmates With Mental Illness, Maria Pereira-Sosa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There has been an increase in the number of individuals with mental illness being housed in correctional facilities over the last 50 years. In this study, the length of pretrial detention was compared for inmates who have a mental illness and are compliant with psychiatric medications, inmates who have a mental illness and are noncompliant or not prescribed psychiatric medication, and inmates with no mental illness. I also examined if inmates who have a mental illness have less severe charges and if there was a difference in the classification of mental health diagnoses for inmates who are and are not …

Book Review: The Pimping Of Prostitution: Abolishing The Sex Work Myth By Julie Bindel, Roger Matthews

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

No abstract provided.

Museum Of Modern-Day Slavery: A Photo Essay, Micah Gamboa

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

A photo essay from the Museum of Modern-Day Slavery in Houston, Texas, with photographs of rooms, entrances, and storage spaces in brothels following raids, including artifacts of the trade found at the scenes are documented. Photographs include brothels, bars, and strip clubs where Korean women and Mexican women were exploited. Photographs from the Mexican-American border document the violence the victims are subjected to during their journey.