Science and Technology Policy Commons^™

China In Global Landscape Of Life Sciences, Xian-En Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The development of life science for over 150 years can be summarized into three stages:classical genetics, molecular genetics and molecular biology, life omics and systems biology. The contemporary life science is unprecedentedly prosperous, showing several new characteristics:original discoveries emerge in endlessly, promoting massive bottom-level innovations; the convergence of multiple disciplines promotes biological sciences from qualitative description to dynamic, precise and quantitative interpretation; scientific data sharing has become a common rule in the life science community; and the rise of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI) provides a new paradigm for life science research. These characteristics enable the knowledge about life …

National Innovation Force Measurement And International Comparison: 2006–2020, Kaihua Chen, Chao Zhang, Xiaoyu Xue

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Based on the innovation value chain, this study establishes the "three horizontal and two vertical dimensions" measurement framework of National Innovation Force, which has a science-technology-industry horizontal dimension and a strength-effectiveness vertical dimension. The framework realizes a comprehensive analysis of National Innovation System from different perspectives and supports the categorized research and differentiated implementation of innovation policies and strategies. The framework considers the differences in science, technology, and innovation activities, as well as those between strength and effectiveness. Based on the analysis of 35 countries in The Report of National Innovation Force Measurement and International Comparison completed by the authors, …

Butterfly Pattern: Innovative Exploration Of Scientific Research Paradigm In Era Of Big Science—Based On 15-Year Practice Of Integrated Development Of Science And Industry In Shenzhen Institute Of Advanced Technology (Siat), Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Jianping Fan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the era of big science, the innovation chain and the industry chain are deeply integrated, promoting the continuous evolution of the underlying logic of the "linear model" and the "Pasteur's quadrant". The world scientific research is gradually evolving to the collaborative interaction of innovative subjects and the system integration of various elements. On the basis of in-depth exploration of the linear model and Pasteur's quadrant, SIAT focuses on creating a closed-loop ecology of the innovation chain and industrial chain. By integrating science and industry from design to advancing, SIAT has built a "butterfly pattern", which integrates and reconstructs the …

Allegories And Alleles: A Narrative Policy Framework Analysis Of The Debate Over Animal Bioengineering, Betsy Presgraves

All Dissertations

With the USDA’s recent takeover of animal bioengineering regulation, public comments have been reopened about the issue, with the Biden administration seeking more information about public opinion. The debate over U.S. regulation has raged for decades with a pro-genetic modification coalition seeking more efficient approvals and the anti-genetic modification coalition seeking labelling, more open and strict approval processes, and even outright bans. Each side has employed a variety of communication approaches, chief among them the use of narrative.

This study aims to determine how narrative structures affect this debate. Using the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), I seek to examine this …

Breaking Things: Origins And Consequences Of Racialized Hate Speech On Facebook, Katherine Herrick

International Studies Honors Projects

This thesis seeks to bring attention to the ways in which the effects of hate speech--specifically racialized hate speech--transcends digital platforms. It will begin by connecting the phenomenon of racialized hate speech on Facebook to specific psychological tendencies that the company consciously amplifies for its own financial benefit. The first chapter interrogates the common narrative that violent rhetoric indicates a flaw in the platform’s design, instead arguing that proliferation of such content is encouraged by Facebook’s algorithm. From there, the second chapter examines what happens when a technology giant leverages human psychology for corporate greed. A true worst-case scenario, the …

Electric Vehicle (Ev) Infrastructure In The Mountain West, 2020-2021, Olivia K. Cheche, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Transportation & Infrastructure

This fact sheet highlights data on electric vehicles (EVs) and EV charging stations, as originally reported by Zutobi in The 2022 EV Charging Station Report. This report examines the presence of EV infrastructure across the United States. The Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah are considered here.

Strategic Consideration And Recommendation On Development Of Chemistry In China, Yanlin Cheng, Shuxian Wu, Qing Dai, Chunying Chen, Yuliang Zhao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Chemistry, as a central science linking all the other sciences, has played an influential role in promoting the development of the whole scientific and technological field and the prosperity of economy and society. Developed countries strongly support the development of chemistry and effectively promote the level of chemical research and chemical industry. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, chemical research has been supported among the field of natural sciences, and its current level is at the forefront of the world. However, there are still problems in the field of chemistry research in China, such as insufficient major …

Research On Characteristics, Development Trend And Funding Countermeasures Of Biology, Jie Chen, Jing Qu, Zhiyong Lou, Bing Zhu, Le Kang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strengthening the research in biology aimed at national strategic needs and major scientific frontier issues is conducive to giving full play to the strategic supporting role of biological research for national economic development and the promotion of international competitiveness. This article combs the basic characteristics and development trend of biology, summarizes the practical experience of international biological research funding, and analyzes the outstanding problems in biological research in China, such as incomplete layout, lack of sustainable and stable support, and insufficient funding for top talents and teams. By referring to the international practical experience, it puts forward policy suggestions to …

Strategic Development Problems And Mechanism Improvement In Engineering Science, Peinan Li, Weimin Bao, Wei Yao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Modern engineering embodies the characteristics of multi-disciplinary integration and is the engine for the development of basic science and engineering technology. Engineering science comes from engineering and serves engineering. Engineering science and natural science both belong to the category of basic research and are the basis of jointly supporting the development and progress of engineering technology. To this end, this paper reviews the development process of engineering science, and on the basis of fully grasping the and the connotation, development stage and modern characteristics of engineering science, draws on the experience and practices of major countries in the development of …

Origins Of Strategic Basic Research And International Practices, Ruhan A, Kejia Yang, Cong Wu, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strategic basic research is a novel concept evolves along with the historical development and understanding of what constitutes as basic research. It evolves from the interactions among different communities and their changing practices, the management and new demand from the government, the changing relationship between public and scientific community and the changes of funding structures for science and technology. This paper first reviews the historical development and understanding of basic research so that to investigate how has the concept of strategic basic research evolved, and then it summarizes the international practices of management and funding of basic research in the …

Development Strategy Of China’S Advanced Material Industry Cluster, Kun Zeng, Xiaopeng Li, Ziyun Shen, Fan Liao, Jinsong Xiao, Qingli Huang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The advanced material industry is a basic and strategic industry of the national economy, as well as the key area of global competition in technology industry. Under the dual-cycle development pattern, propelling the cluster development of advanced material industry has become a key to raise the level of the advanced material industry development. This article described the spatial distribution of the advanced material industry cluster in China, analyzed the characteristics and development stage of the advanced material industrial cluster, and compared the gap between the advanced material industry cluster in China and the world-class advanced manufacturing industry cluster. In addition, …

Two-Dimensional Materials: From Fundamental To Application, Guangyu Zhang, Geng Long, Shenghuang Lin, Lede Xian, Yan Jiang, Hao Wu, Shuopei Wang, Na Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The rapid development of the information society puts forward an ever-increasing urgent need for information storage, processing, and transmission capabilities. With the ending of Moore's Law, the semiconductor industry urgently needs to find new solutions. Lowdimensional materials are considered to be a new breakthrough in the semiconductor industry in the post-Moore era, because of the size characteristics of atomic-level thickness, the structural advantage of no dangling bonds on the surface, and the sensitivity to electrical and optical control methods caused by a large specific surface area. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory has introduced a group of top scientists and established a …

Connotation Analysis Of Original Basic Research And Implications For Original Exploratory Program Implemented By National Natural Science Foundation Of China, Jintao Bao, Yi Zhang, Yijie Peng, Yinghong Zhao, Hongguan Hao, Zhimin Zheng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Original basic research is a key driving force for the development of science and technology, as well as the source of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. To further encourage and support originality and innovation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) implemented the original exploratory program as one of its priorities for deepening reform. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of original basic research are analyzed, and the funding orientation of foreign major science funding agencies on original basic research projects is investigated. This study further discusses the connotation and positioning of …

Thoughts And Suggestions On Development Of Earth Sciences In China, Lihua Zhou, Xin Wang, Chengxiong Zhou, Quanyou Liu, Jianhua Si, Wang Zhang, Zhijun Jin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Earth Sciences is a multi-disciplinary science, which takes the interaction of Earth's various spheres and their resources and environmental effects as the research object. As a comprehensive and systematic science that not only expands the frontier of human knowledge but also serves the social and economic development of human beings, Earth Sciences not only studies the past and reveals the evolution history of the Earth, but also faces the future and provides solutions for the sustainable development of human beings. Based on the analysis of the international development trends of Earth Sciences and the summary of the development status and …

Strategic Basic Research: Cognition And Suggestions, Xiaoxuan Li, Xiaoxi Xiao, Zhiyong Lou, Bing Zhu, Zihe Rao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

This paper sorts out and clarifies the concept of strategic basic research, and summarizes the international experiences in supporting strategic basic research. On this basis, it analyzes the main problems in supporting strategic basic research in China, such as the lack of top-level design, unclear funding objects, and insufficient sustainable and stable support. Some suggestions are put forward, such as setting up an independent strategic basic research program, taking the national strategic forces as the main forces to organize and implement the strategic basic research program, and establishing a dual-track supporting model that coordinates the directional project funding and the …

Characteristics And Funding Strategies Of Mathematical Research, Xiaoxi Xiao, Xiaoshan Gao, Yaxiang Yuan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Strengthening mathematical research aiming at the national strategic needs and major frontier problems is conducive to promoting mathematics research to play a more important strategic role in national development and international competition. This study analyzes the basic characteristics of mathematical research, summarizes the international experiences in funding mathematical research, and then deeply analyzes the major problems of Chinese funding mechanisms for mathematical research, such as the lack of overall planning, the short of sustainable and stable support, and the urgent need to improve the training, selecting, and funding mechanism for high-level mathematical talents. It also puts forward some policy suggestions, …

Discussion Of Materials Science Development Trend Through Climate Change, Manufacturing Update, National Security And Materials Genome Initiative, Weijian Lin, Bowen Zhang, Weihua Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

New materials are considered as the foreguide and the base of the revolution of advanced technology. Its development and trend of new materials greatly influences the human life and society development. Nowadays, the risk of climate change is increasing day by day, the pressure of manufacturing update of new technology revolution is bigger than ever, the competition and the friction between countries become more and more intense, and the iteration of advanced materials turns to a rigid demand. In this work, we analyze and predict the development tread of material from the aspects of climate change, manufacturing update, national security, …

Development And Thinking Of Silicon Photonics Heterogenous Integration, Zihao Wang, Ting Wang, Jianjun Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Integrated photonics are fast-developing research field for next generation information technology. Current silicon photonic integrated chips strongly benefit from low-cost and high-density integration properties of existing CMOS technology. But limited by the physical properties of silicon, it is not a perfect material for different types of optoelectronic devices, such as laser sources, modulators, and infrared detectors. Therefore, heterogeneous integration is proposed by combining the advantages of CMOS process and superior opto-electric properties of heterogenous material systems, that can be an essential step towards next generation integrated optoelectronic chips. Here, this paper introduces the rapid progress of integrated photonics nationally and …

Development Strategies Of New Energy Materials For Carbon Peak And Neutrality—Case Study Of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Ximei Qiu, Yan Wang, Haiming Lyu, Jian Xu, Yida Wu, Xiaowei Ma, Chunyi Zhi, Xiaolong Du, Xuejie Huang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Transformative energy technologies will provide strong strategic support to the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030, and achieving net zero carbon emissions before 2060. Reducing the dependence on fossil fuels by saving energy and reducing emissions from the source is essential to achieve the double-carbon target as soon as possible. Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory is working on key materials to develop solar-battery power systems and electrification of transportation energy to return coal, oil, and natural gas from fuels to materials. This study focuses on introducing the research team of its New Energy Materials and Devices R&D Center with …

Policy Overview (February, 2022)

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.