Just Preservation: From Vision To Reality,
2019
Knology
Just Preservation: From Vision To Reality, Rupu Gupta
Animal Sentience
Treves et al. propose a tangible shift in current discourse and practice related to the human relationship with other forms of nature. They aim to instill an ethical stance in human perspectives on nature, advocating the idea of trustees as advocates for non-human nature in consensus-building scenarios. This commentary raises questions about the practicality of a wide-scale culture shift in values towards non-human nature, and the power dynamics that are inevitable in multi-stakeholder settings.
Examining The Intersection Of Gender And Age In Victim Blaming,
2019
West Virginia University
Examining The Intersection Of Gender And Age In Victim Blaming, Jerin Lee
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Victim blaming refers to an attributional tendency in which some level of responsibility for a negative outcome is placed on victims (Maes, 1994). Many victims of crimes face stigmatization in the form of blame from friends, acquaintances, the criminal justice system, media, strangers, and even perpetrators of the crimes themselves (e.g., Cross, Parker, & Sansom, 2019; Gordon & Riger, 1991). Victim characteristics, type of crime, and observer characteristics all influence victim blaming tendencies. However, no studies to date have tested whether these factors in combination elicit differential reactions to victims of crimes. The present research tested how the intersection of …
The Impact Of Language Complexity In Weather Warnings: Does It Matter?,
2019
Georgia Southern University
The Impact Of Language Complexity In Weather Warnings: Does It Matter?, Ryan E. Arflin
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
This study examines how jargon and language complexity impact perceptions of tornado warnings. Protection motivation theory (PMT) asserts that as the readability and use of jargon in a warning and call to action increases, an individual’s ability to estimate threat and respond accordingly decreases. However, research had not examined how the use of complex language in a meteorological setting impact coping factors (self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost) and threat factors (vulnerability, fear, and severity). This study tested whether jargon in weather warnings and increased language complexity in calls to action affected PMT variables. Eighty-one participants viewed tornado warnings and …
A Book And Its Cover: The Effects Of Dynamic And Static Facial Expressions On The Perction Of Personality Traits,
2019
Central Washington University
A Book And Its Cover: The Effects Of Dynamic And Static Facial Expressions On The Perction Of Personality Traits, Jonathan Ojeda
All Master's Theses
This study used three dynamic and three static images of older adult men depicting either smiling, scowling, or neutral facial expressions to examine the influence of motion on emotion identification and stereotype activation, specifically the Halo Effect, in older adults (55-85 years). To that end, two hypotheses emerged: 1) older adults will be more accurate in identifying facial expressions when viewing dynamic facial expressions than static facial expressions, and 2) participants exposed to the dynamic stimuli would experience greater levels of the Halo Effect with the greatest levels in the smiling facial expression condition. A 2 (stimulus type: dynamic and …
Exploring Locus Of Control In Offender Cognition And Recidivism Paradigms,
2019
Central Washington University
Exploring Locus Of Control In Offender Cognition And Recidivism Paradigms, Anistasha Lightning, Danielle Polage
All Master's Theses
Working with four Washington State county jails to administer surveys to currently incarcerated inmates, we investigated locus of control and beliefs in the likelihood of continued legal involvement as possible antecedents to criminal recidivism. The surveys examined whether there was any connection between legal involvement frequency and the externalization of locus of control. We investigated external locus of control with specific respect to involvement with the law, the prospect of future incarceration, and feelings concerning the overall cause of original and/or sustained legal involvement utilizing the Revised Causal Dimension Scale (McAuley, Duncan, & Russell, 1992). We identified statistically significant interactions …
Our Ambivalent Stereotypes Of Sheep,
2019
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Our Ambivalent Stereotypes Of Sheep, Veronica Sevillano
Animal Sentience
Marino & Merskin’s target article contrasts our ambivalent social ideas about sheep with the empirical evidence of their complex capacities, particularly cognitive ones. To extend our understanding of human-sheep relations, I discuss human social perception of animals and structural variables that predict our stereotypes.
Why Factual Appeals About The Abilities Of Sheep May Fail,
2019
Anglia Ruskin University
Why Factual Appeals About The Abilities Of Sheep May Fail, Sarah Gradidge, Magdalena Zawisza
Animal Sentience
Marino & Merskin (2019) express hope that providing people with positive information about the abilities of sheep (factual appeals) will improve perceptions of them and thus improve their welfare. However, these factual appeals can, and do, fail to change perceptions of animals. This commentary considers why and when factual appeals fail, and with whom they may be effective.
The Effect Of Religion On Trait Priority In Potential Partners In Short And Long Term Relationships,
2019
Bucknell University
The Effect Of Religion On Trait Priority In Potential Partners In Short And Long Term Relationships, Sara K. Glass
Honors Theses
This study builds upon previous research that demonstrates how various demographic characteristics, as well as relationship type, affects trait preferences for potential mate partners. This study also explores the potential effects of religious affiliation and religiosity on trait preferences, as no previous research explicitly tests how individuals’ religious affiliation or strength of religiosity influences their rank ordering of potential partner traits. Seven hypotheses were proposed, as well as four points of exploration regarding sexuality, relationship status, religious affiliation, and race were proposed. Hypotheses 1, which predicted that women will rank financial stability higher than men and that men will rank …
The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Mood On The Perception Of Others,
2019
Central Washington University
The Effects Of Self-Esteem And Mood On The Perception Of Others, Sydney Wirkkala
All Master's Theses
The purpose of the current experiment was to examine the role that self-esteem and mood have on judgment formation regarding strangers. Mood has been shown to play an important role in judgments such that being in a positive mood has been shown to result in more positive judgments (Forgas & Bower, 1987; Forgas, Bower, & Krantz, 1983). It has also been shown that having a higher self-esteem can lead to more positive judgments about the self as well as others (Brown & Mankowski, 1993; Sanna, Turley-Ames, & Meier, 1999). Few studies have examined the interaction of self-esteem and mood on …
Race As A Predictor Of Recidivism Risk: An Epidemiological Analysis,
2019
Walden University
Race As A Predictor Of Recidivism Risk: An Epidemiological Analysis, Femi Folorunsho
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Prisoner recidivism is a problem of great social importance, as recidivism represents a failure of the rehabilitative goal of incarceration. The problem addressed in this study was the lack of accurate estimates of race as a predictor of recidivism risk in the United States, after taking demographics and criminal variables into account. Applying the life-course theory of recidivism, the purpose of this archival, epidemiological study was to calculate whether recidivism risk varied based on race, across different seriousness levels of commitment offense and number of prior arrests, among a sample of male federal prisoners released from custody. A Cox proportional …
Microlevel Fragility Of The African American Lgbt Community In North Carolina After House Bill 2,
2019
Walden University
Microlevel Fragility Of The African American Lgbt Community In North Carolina After House Bill 2, William Flozell Clements
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Social marginalization and isolation of target populations are growing areas of concern for policy administrators. African American Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (AA LGBT) individuals are not permitted full political, economic, or moral citizenship and thus are in society but not completely of it. Legislation such as North Carolina's House Bill 2 (HB2) has the potential to dissolve the social contract connecting life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness at the microlevel. The emerging U.S. trend of moving societally from universal access in microlevel institutions toward more market-based strategies poses a formidable challenge for this target population. The purpose of …
The Impact Of Childhood Trauma And Personality On Kinkiness In Adulthood,
2019
Walden University
The Impact Of Childhood Trauma And Personality On Kinkiness In Adulthood, Kaitlyn Hillier
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Historically, kinky sexualities and sexual behaviors have been understood as pathological or perverse. Such misunderstandings and misrepresentations have contributed to the development and perpetuation of kink stigma. The aim of this retrospective, cross-sectional, correlational research study was to explore the potential relationship(s) between pathology, personality, and kinky sexual behaviors/roles in adulthood. Guided by queer-feminist theory, the research questions addressed whether personality traits, experiences of childhood trauma, or a combination thereof, were predictors for kinky behaviors/roles in adulthood. A multi measure, anonymous, and confidential survey was distributed online including the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale as a childhood trauma questionnaire, the Mini-IPIP, …
Millennial Retail Employees Experiences And Perceptions Of Leaders With Body Image Modifications,
2019
Walden University
Millennial Retail Employees Experiences And Perceptions Of Leaders With Body Image Modifications, Jennifer Mcclure
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Millennials in retail account for a large portion of the U.S. workforce and have the highest number of body image modifications from tattoos, piercings, and/or gauges. Following Moustakas concept of perception, the purpose of this transcendental phenomenology study was to explore how Millennial-aged retail employees describe and experience leaders with body image modifications from tattoos, piercings, and/or gauges. Participants were sought from various retail locations and were required to be born between 1981 and 1996. Data were collected through interviews with 6 participants and the data were analyzed using Moustakas modification of the Van Kamm Method. The results showed that …
The Philosopher's Journey: A Chapter In Kindness And Animals,
2019
University of North Florida
The Philosopher's Journey: A Chapter In Kindness And Animals, Vaughn E. Sayers
UNF Undergraduate Capstone Projects and Honors Theses
We each are presented with a choice; do we remain in the cave of ignorance or embark on the philosopher’s journey. Your choice will determine the way in which you interpret this paper. However, I will confidently make the assumption that you, like myself, desire to embrace an existence guided by the light of wisdom. This thesis is one of many chapters in the philosopher’s journey, dealing with animals and (cutting through the jargon) kindness. I have found that a lot of scholarship on animal ethics acknowledges a truth, but does not acknowledge that the application of such a truth …
Thinking About Engaging In Charitable Behaviors And Its Influence On Loneliness,
2019
Walden University
Thinking About Engaging In Charitable Behaviors And Its Influence On Loneliness, Nicole Kristin Graves
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
There are negative correlations between prosocial behaviors and loneliness and negative correlations between thinking about prosocial behaviors and loneliness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of thinking about engaging in charitable behaviors on immediate feelings of social and emotional loneliness, as measured by the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (SELSA). To compare influences of thinking about charitable behaviors and not thinking about charitable behaviors, an experimental design was used. The theoretical framework was a mediational model in which thinking about engaging in a specific charitable behavior leads to perceived ability to participate in positive social interaction, …
The Influence Of The "Emotionally Disturbed" Classroom Label On General Education Teachers' Sense Of Efficacy,
2019
Claremont Colleges
The Influence Of The "Emotionally Disturbed" Classroom Label On General Education Teachers' Sense Of Efficacy, Giovanna Perricone
Scripps Senior Theses
Students identified as “emotionally disturbed” face resistance to inclusion in classrooms with typically-developing peers on the part of the general education teachers. This study aims to address whether the classroom label of “emotionally disturbed” affects teacher efficacy and whether this relationship is moderated by the amount of applied inclusion training a teacher has received. General education teachers will read identical case studies of a student who either spends some of his school day in an “Emotionally Disturbed Class” or a “Self-Regulation Skills Class.” They will complete a measure of student-specific teacher efficacy and then report how many hours of inclusion …
The Ethical And Emotional Benefits Of Reducing Self-Focus Through Mindfulness,
2019
Claremont Colleges
The Ethical And Emotional Benefits Of Reducing Self-Focus Through Mindfulness, Emma Loftus
Scripps Senior Theses
This proposed study was inspired by the concept in Aristotle’s virtue ethics theory that a good life is necessarily an ethical one. The following work intends to expand previous literature on this topic by exploring an accessible potential method through which ethicality (and thus, well-being) can be increased, and also a possible explanation of how this process might occur. Past research has indicated that mindfulness training can increase both prosociality and well-being, and additionally that higher ethicality is connected to higher well-being. Reduced self-focus has been found to mediate these relationships. The proposed 30 day study makes use of a …
The Effect Of Racial Confirmation Biases On Whistleblowing Intent,
2019
Eastern Washington University
The Effect Of Racial Confirmation Biases On Whistleblowing Intent, Charlotte M. Jacobson
EWU Masters Thesis Collection
Previous research has demonstrated the negative impact of stereotypes on Black individuals in the workplace, including differential employment rates between races, the influence of race on hiring decisions, and the effect of racial discrimination on job satisfaction and turnover. However, the impact of racial stereotypes on employees’ decisions to report a witnessed wrongdoing (i.e., whistleblowing) have not been examined. In this study, I investigated whether racial stereotypes and confirmation biases make an individual more likely to blow the whistle on a Black coworker than a White coworker for the same wrongdoing. I also examined the potential moderating effect of the …
Understanding Nonoffending Caregiver Protection In Child Sexual Abuse,
2019
Walden University
Understanding Nonoffending Caregiver Protection In Child Sexual Abuse, Christina Lynn Sally
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Child sexual abuse is a global issue that has affected children, families, and communities for centuries regardless of socioeconomic, religious, ethnic, race, or multicultural factors and distinctions. Sexually abused children may be reluctant to disclose sexual abuse due to perceptions or realities that their nonoffending caregiver (NOC) will not believe their reports and may fail to provide adequate protection. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess if child demographics (i.e., age, sex, and race/ethnicity); type of sexual offense (i.e., contact or noncontact); and perpetrator relationship to the child (i.e., familial or extrafamilial) predict a NOC's response (i.e., protection …
Schadenfreude: The Impact Of Another's Misfortune On The Mood Of College Students,
2019
Columbus State University
Schadenfreude: The Impact Of Another's Misfortune On The Mood Of College Students, Erin A. Chalmers
Theses and Dissertations
The present study was focused on determining if positive affect scores increase after viewing an example of misfortune which would demonstrate the psychological phenomenon of schadenfreude-defined as a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction when something misfortunate happens to someone else. Measures used in the study included the Positive and Negative Affect inventory (PANAS; Watson et al., 1988) and a modified version of the Velton mood induction procedure developed by Seibert and Ellis (1991) which was used to measure and manipulate students’ mood, respectively. Students enrolled in a psychology research pool at Columbus State University participated in the study (N=46). …
