Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

My Experience With Resilience Alliance In Ohio, Heather Murphy

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I am a caseworker at Summit County Children Services. I have been doing this work for 12 years and am currently part of the Family Preservation Unit. Our intent is to work with families on a voluntary, short-term, intensive basis. Our main goal is to ensure child safety while providing the family with services that can improve stability and enhance their overall functioning. My unit was developed in May 2018 to work with families on a voluntarily basis. Family Preservation consists of seven direct staff workers and one supervisor. Our unit is very supportive of one another and relies on …

Job Involvement, Megan Paul

Umbrella Summaries

What is job involvement?

Job involvement refers to an individual’s psychological identification with their job (Kanungo, 1982). The preferred measure is the 10-item Job Involvement Questionnaire, which includes questions such as, “Most of my interests are centered around my job,” “I consider my job to be very central to my existence,” and “Most of my personal life goals are job oriented” (Kanungo, 1982).

Why is job involvement important?

Job involvement is important because it is associated with several important work outcomes. Specifically, it is strongly related to job satisfaction (Brown, 1996), organizational commitment, and career commitment (Cooper-Hakim & Viswesvaran, 2005). …

Exploring Self-Silencing In Workplace Relationships: A Qualitative Study Of Female Software Engineers, Sucharita Maji, Shikha Dixit

The Qualitative Report

Self-silencing has been extensively studied in the context of the relational aspect of the female psyche. The previous research on self-silencing mostly emphasized on intimate partner relationships and not much is explored in the context of workplace relationships, that is, relationships with colleagues, team managers etc. The present study aims to explore the self-silencing phenomenon in workplace relationships among a sample of female software engineers (N=21) in India. A purposive sampling strategy was used to select the participants of the study. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the data for the thematic analysis. At first, theoretical thematic analysis was …

Psychological Capital, Megan Paul

Umbrella Summaries

What is psychological capital?

Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a composite of four positive psychological resources—efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience. More specifically, PsyCap is an individual’s positive psychological state of development characterized by: (1) having confidence (efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success (Luthans, Youssef, …

Fighting Dirty In An Era Of Corporate Dominance: Exploring Personality As A Moderator Of The Impact Of Dangerous Organizational Misconduct On Whistleblowing Intentions, Keith Andrew Price

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

As instances of corporate wrongdoing continue to rise globally, the opportunity and need for individual whistleblowers to act as a check on corporate power are also rising. Whistleblowing efforts represent a unique challenge to the power asymmetry that exists between an individual employee and the organization. Due to the serious, pervasive harm to employees and consumers that can stem from organizational misconduct, efforts to identify indicators of whistleblowing likelihood can potentially provide a significant means of prevention. This study used a vignette method to present two different levels of harm occurrence, by manipulating the timing of the consequences of a …

Nebraska Progress Update– Addressing Secondary Traumatic Stress, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development

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In December 2017, 53% of Nebraska child welfare workforce respondents had recently experienced elevated levels of secondary traumatic stress (STS) symptoms, according to a survey of 40% of the workforce conducted by the QIC-WD. STS can mimic the symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Bride, 2007) such as nightmares, avoidance, sleep disruption, and irritability. A recent study, conducted in another jurisdiction, found that 37% of CPS workers reported at least moderate symptoms of STS (Baugerud, Vangbaek and Melinder, 2018), indicating Nebraska’s rate of STS was high relative to other child welfare workers. Since STS has been linked to low rates …

Learning Together: Strategies Used By Child Welfare Supervisors To Manage A Virtual Workforce, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development

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In April 2020, the QIC-WD and National Child Welfare Workforce Institute co-hosted a webinar, Supporting the Virtual Workforce: Virtual Supervision, to provide guidance on virtual supervision and provide opportunities for participants to exchange information about their experiences. More than 1,500 child welfare supervisors, workers, and managers from across the U.S. participated in this event. They shared examples of what they’re doing to care for each other, care for themselves, stay safe, and stay connected. This summary highlights the common challenges and opportunities identified during the webinar and presents a variety of strategies to cope and supervise in a virtual work …

It's Lonely At The Bottom (Too): The Effects Of Experienced Powerlessness On Social Closeness And Disengagement, Trevor A. Foulk, Irene E. De Pater, Michael Schaerer, Christilene Du Plessis, Randy Lee, Amir Erez

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although powerlessness is a pervasive experience for employees, prior social power research has predominantly focused on consequences of powerfulness. This has led to contradictory predictions for how experienced powerlessness influences employees’ social perceptions and behaviors. To resolve this theoretical tension, we build on Social Distance Theory (Magee & Smith, 2013) to develop a theoretical model suggesting that experienced powerlessness reduces social closeness and subsequently causes social disengagement behaviors both at work (reduced helping, increased interaction avoidance) and at home (increased withdrawal). Our model also elucidates the processes that cause powerlessness to reduce social closeness, demonstrating that employees’ affiliation motive and …

The Impact Of Experiencing Ageism And Social Support On The Relationship Between Age And Perceptions Of Self-Efficacy, Sean Alexander

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In the present research I investigated the impact ageism has on older employees’ occupational self-efficacy, and whether social support could decrease or change the strength of the relationship. Another goal of the present study was to assess if age and occupational self-efficacy had a linear relationship. Considering that older workers are often targeted by instances of ageism, this study focused on the ageist experiences of employees who were 40 years or older. A sample size of 208 MTurk workers participated in the online survey. Respondents were asked to answer questions relating to their experiences of ageism in work the workplace, …

Refinement Of The Spitefulness Construct, Arturo Covarrubias-Paniagua

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In this research we reviewed the current definition of Spite in the psychology field and the current and historical definitions of Spite in other related fields. Given the narrow contemporary definition of spite used by psychological researchers, the first aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive and refined conceptualization of spite that differentiates it from similar aggressive behaviors, along with delineating conditions in which spite may arise. The second aim of this study was to create a measure of trait spitefulness and a measure of engagement in spiteful behaviors. A total of 156 respondents participated in this study, …

Anticipated Stigma And Chronic Illness: The Impact Of Psychosocial Safety Climate, Michelle Deorsey

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to utilize the Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) Work Model of Stress to measure how perceptions of the work climate influence employees with chronic illnesses fears of future stigma and their subsequent psychological health and work attitudes. As workers with chronic illnesses have reported being stigmatized in the workplace and have a high turnover rate, it was important to consider the psychosocial aspects of the work environment in relation to their perceptions of stigma and consequent outcomes. Psychosocial safety climate refers to the policies, practices, and procedures for employee psychosocial well-being. Prior research has confirmed …

Work-Related Communications After Hours: The Influence Of Communication Technologies And Age On Work-Life Conflict And Burnout, Alison Loreg

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Organizations are increasingly utilizing communications technologies (CT) (e.g., smart phones, tablets) for the purposes of work-related communications after hours. Such technologies allow workers to instantaneously interact with clients and co-workers, accomplish work-related tasks at home or on the weekends, and access information across physical and temporal boundaries. However, researchers have suggested that use of CTs after hours can cause conflict between the work and life domains and can negatively impact employee well-being. Furthermore, due to age-related declines, older employees may be especially vulnerable to such outcomes. This aim of this study is to investigate the influence on age on the …

The Incremental Effect Of Voluntariness Of Part Time Work Status Over Age In Predicting Work Motivation In Part Time Workers, Daniel A. Caro

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Much research has been done on work motivation in a variety of employment settings, with most of the research focused on full-time employees. Being that there are an increasing number of employees who work in contingent work settings, such as part time jobs, it is important to better understand what motivational factors are salient in these situations. In addition, researchers have looked at why employees choose to work part time and they have found that there are voluntary and involuntary reasons they choose to do so. Therefore, in the present study, I examined work motivation in part time workers. I …

The Myers-Briggs Personality System And Its Moderating Effects On The Relationship Between Job Characteristics And Job Satisfaction, Rebecca Marshall

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In this research, I examined how characteristics of the job, namely task significance and task identity, predicted job satisfaction and how those relationships were moderated by one’s Myers-Briggs type. It was hypothesized that the thinking/feeling dichotomy would moderate the relationship between task significance and job satisfaction and the sensing/intuition dichotomy would moderate the relationship between task identity and job satisfaction. In the study, I sought to understand how these moderated relationships would differ for people with good and poor psychological health. There were 945 people who participated which required them to answer questions about their job, personality, psychological health, life, …

Felt Inclusion Among Sexual Minority Employees: The Roles Of The Organization And Supervisor, Jamie Michael Tombari

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ+) employees experience unique stress in the workplace due to their stigmatized concealable identity. This unique stress results in poor health outcomes, such as not feeling safe at work, decreased satisfaction with life, and increased emotional exhaustion. Research and theory have identified the importance of felt inclusion among employees. The purpose of this study was to test a model of how the intangible aspects of work (i.e., organizational efforts towards LGBQ+ inclusion, supervisor LGBQ+ inclusion, and felt inclusion) impact LGBQ+ employee job attitudes, health and well-being, and sexual identity management strategies. Additionally, two measures were …

Power And Negotiation: Review Of Current Evidence And Future Directions, Michael Schaerer, Laurel Teo, Nikhil Madan, Roderick I. Swaab

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This review synthesizes the impact of power on individual and joint negotiation performance. Although power generally has positive effects on negotiators’ individual performance (value claiming), recent work suggests that more power is not always beneficial. Taking a dyadic perspective, we also find mixed evidence for how power affects joint performance (value creation); some studies show that equal-power dyads create more value than unequal-power dyads, but others find the opposite. We identify the source of power, power distribution, and competitiveness as critical moderators of this relationship. Finally, we suggest that future research should move beyond studying alternatives in dyadic deal-making, identify …

Removing Situation Descriptions From Situational Judgment Test Items: Does The Impact Differ For Video-Based Versus Text-Based Formats?, Philipp Schäpers, Filip Lievens, Jan-Philipp Freudenstein, Joachim Hüffmeier, Cornelius J. König, Stefan Krumm

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Recent research has shown that many text-based situational judgment test (SJT) items can be solved even when the situational descriptions in the item stems are not presented to test takers. This finding challenges the traditional view of SJTs as low-fidelity simulations that rely on ‘situational’ (context-dependent) judgment. However, media richness theory and construal level theory suggest that situation descriptions presented in a richer and more concrete format (video format) will reduce uncertainty about inherent requirements and facilitate the perception that the situation is taking place in the here and now. Therefore, we hypothesized that situational judgment would be more important …

New Tower Of Babel: Probing The Antecedents And Consequences Of Linguistic Ostracism, Julia N. Leone

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

While workplace interactions are likely to be conducted in English, the lingua franca of international business (Janssens, Lambert, & Steyaert, 2004), employees may occasionally switch to their native language in their interactions with coworkers who share knowledge of this language. Linguistic ostracism (LO) refers to situations in which two or more people use a language that others in their presence cannot understand (Dotan-Eliaz, Sommer, & Rubin, 2009). This dissertation explored the contextual antecedents of LO in a business setting, probed managerial techniques currently used to mitigate the effects of LO, and examined the relationship between LO and organizational citizenship behaviors. …

Work–Family Conflict In Low-Income Households, Maritza G. Hiciano Ramos

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The United States is the only country not offering paid parental leave. Paid leave is left at the discretion of employers and only a few states offer Paid Family Leave benefits. The FMLA was established to protect workers from losing their jobs in case they needed to care for an elderly person or for their children. However, since value is not placed in family structures there has not been much development in that area. The FMLA fails to account for the grand majority of people in the U.S., especially those of lower socioeconomic status. Moreover, the vast inequalities that exists …

Developing Adaptive Performance: The Power Of Experiences And A Strategic Network Of Support, Joseph D. Landers Jr.

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

In today’s dynamic work environment, the ability to adapt is becoming less of a luxury and more of a necessity. In order to contribute to the growing body of research surrounding adaptive performance, this study will seek to examine the power of a leader’s breadth and depth of experience on his or her adaptive performance. It is predicted that the more breadth and depth of experience that a leader has, the higher the leader’s adaptive performance will be. Additionally, in assessing the power of a leader’s breadth and depth of experience on adaptive performance, it is also predicted that the …