An Image-Based Model For Early Visual Processing,
2016
University of Tübingen
An Image-Based Model For Early Visual Processing, Heiko H. Schütt, Felix A. Wichmann
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Possible Causes Of Increased Domestic Violence Among Military Veterans: Ptsd Or Mefloquine Toxicity?,
2016
Liberty University
Possible Causes Of Increased Domestic Violence Among Military Veterans: Ptsd Or Mefloquine Toxicity?, Shawn J. Gourley
Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship
After more than a decade at war, our returning service members and their families are facing enormous amounts of difficulty when returning home. PTSD and TBI, the signature wounds of these wars, have been well covered in the media. The family struggles have remained hidden and mostly undiscussed. These families are facing very specific issues in military relationships like infidelity, substance misuse, and intimate partner violence; the latter of which military families are three times more likely to experience when compared to the civilian population. There is a potential effect on caregiver burden in the role of PTSD as a …
Build-Up Effect Of Auditory Stream Segregation Using Amplitude-Modulated Narrowband Noise,
2016
James Madison University
Build-Up Effect Of Auditory Stream Segregation Using Amplitude-Modulated Narrowband Noise, Harley J. Wheeler
Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019
Recent psychoacoustic experiments (Böckmann-Barthel et al., 2014; Deike et al., 2012) have re-examined research regarding stream segregation and the build-up effect. Stream segregation is the ability to discern auditory objects within a stream of information, such as distinguishing one voice amongst background noise or an instrument within an orchestra. Initial works examining this topic proposed that auditory information is not immediately distinguished as various streams, but rather that differences accumulate over time, allowing listeners to segregate information following a period of build-up (i.e., the build-up effect); whereas more current findings indicate a build-up period is unnecessary for segregation. This experiment’s …
Refining Noncontingent Reinforcement Treatments Using Behavioral Momentum Theory,
2016
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Refining Noncontingent Reinforcement Treatments Using Behavioral Momentum Theory, Valdeep Saini
Theses & Dissertations
One of the most effective and commonly prescribed treatments for children with autism and/or an intellectual disability who engage in severe destructive behavior is called noncontingent reinforcement (NCR). During NCR, the consequence that previously reinforced destructive behavior is delivered on a time-based schedule, independent of destructive behavior, and the contingency between destructive behavior and its reinforcer is discontinued (operant extinction; EXT). Conceptual and quantitative derivations of behavioral momentum theory (BMT) suggest that certain aspects of NCR may inadvertently promote persistence of destructive behavior, thereby prolonging the treatment process. Guided by Shahan and Sweeney’s (2011) model of resurgence based on BMT, …
Interteaching: Types Of Prep Guide Questions And Their Effect On Student Quiz Performance,
2016
James Madison University
Interteaching: Types Of Prep Guide Questions And Their Effect On Student Quiz Performance, Verena S. Bethke
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Although previous research indicates that interteaching is an effective alternative to more traditional teaching approaches, not many component analyses of the method exist. For example, although researchers have shown that the prep guide component contributes to the effectiveness of interteaching, no research has directly examined how the content of the prep guides affects learning. The current lab-based study investigated whether having prep guides consisting of lower-level or higher-level questions impacted students’ subsequent quiz performance. We found no significant differences in quiz performance between the two conditions, but several extraneous factors may have impacted the results.
Cultivating Empathy In Middle School Students Through Narrative Fiction,
2016
James Madison University
Cultivating Empathy In Middle School Students Through Narrative Fiction, Kane M. Hamilton
Educational Specialist, 2009-2019
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether reading narrative fiction can potentiate empathy in middle school students. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: narrative fiction group and expository nonfiction group. Participants in the narrative fiction group were asked to read a passage from a novel selected from the 5th grade Common Core reading curriculum. Participants in the expository nonfiction group were asked to read a passage from a science book from the 5th grade Common Core science curriculum. Pretest and posttest data were collected using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Results of this study indicate …
Patterns Of Early Lexical And Gestural Development In Children With Williams Syndrome.,
2016
University of Louisville
Patterns Of Early Lexical And Gestural Development In Children With Williams Syndrome., Angela M. Becerra
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation addressed the early gestural and lexical development of very young children with Williams syndrome (WS), as measured by the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI, Fenson et al., 2007). Receptive vocabulary (RV), expressive vocabulary (EV), early gesture (EG), late gesture (LG), and total gesture (TG) abilities were considered. Findings from cross-sectional samples of 49 18-month-olds, 56 24-month-olds, and 55 30-month-olds indicated considerable variability within each age group, with almost all children evidencing significant delay as measured by the CDI norms. Strong concurrent correlations were found among RV, EV, EG, LG, and TG for each age group. Longitudinal analyses indicated …
Reinstatement Of Second-Order Fear,
2016
University of South Carolina - Aiken
Reinstatement Of Second-Order Fear, Matthew Nelson
USC Aiken Psychology Theses
The purpose of this study was to determine if, after conditioning and extinction of a second-order stimulus, reinstatement of extinguished fear could be produced. The findings of Holmes et al. (2014) do not support reinstatement of second-order fear following post-extinction presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (US). The present study provides a second attempt at uncovering reinstatement following extinction of second-order conditioning. Rat subjects were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=12), which received first- and second-order conditioning with Light and Tone counterbalanced. Responding to the second-order stimulus (S2) was extinguished through S2-alone presentations for all but the control subjects (Group NE-NR). …
Inner Experience And Self-Ratings Of Inner Speaking,
2016
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Inner Experience And Self-Ratings Of Inner Speaking, Jason Michael Kelsey
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Questionnaires are often used as measures of inner experience. This study questions the adequacy of such measures, using inner speech as an example. We compared two questionnaire measures of inner speaking to each other and to inner experience as apprehended by Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES, a naturalistic, high fidelity method of exploring inner experience). Undergraduate volunteers (N = 260) took two questionnaires designed to measure inner speaking: the Self-Talk Scale (STS) and the Nevada Inner Experience Questionnaire (NIEQ). A subset of these (N = 16) participated in DES to investigate their inner speaking with fidelity. Scores on the NIEQ and …
Eyes Wide Open: Pupil Size As A Proxy For Inhibition In The Masked-Priming Paradigm,
2016
Old Dominion University
Eyes Wide Open: Pupil Size As A Proxy For Inhibition In The Masked-Priming Paradigm, Jason Geller, Mary L. Still, Alison L. Morris
Psychology Faculty Publications
A core assumption underlying competitive-network models of word recognition is that in order for a word to be recognized, the representations of competing orthographically similar words must be inhibited. This inhibitory mechanism is revealed in the masked-priming lexical-decision task (LDT) when responses to orthographically similar word prime-target pairs are slower than orthographically different word prime-target pairs (i.e., inhibitory priming). In English, however, behavioral evidence for inhibitory priming has been mixed. In the present study, we utilized a physiological correlate of cognitive effort never before used in the masked-priming LDT, pupil size, to replicate and extend behavioral demonstrations of inhibitory …
How Musical Oddballs Warp Psychological Time,
2016
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
How Musical Oddballs Warp Psychological Time, Rhimmon Simchy-Gross
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Oddballs—low-probability, attention-capturing expectancy violations—are judged as longer than non-oddballs, but are temporal intervals that contain oddballs judged as longer than those that do not? In 2 experiments, we tested competing model predictions using a novel and covert measure of subjective duration—musical imagery reproduction. Participants verbally estimated and reproduced with musical imagery repeated, coherent, or incoherent familiar or unfamiliar chord sequences (3.5 s, 7 s, or 12 s) that either did or did not contain dynamic auditory oddballs. Participants verbally estimated repeated chord sequences that contained oddballs as shorter than those that did not, but reproduced with musical imagery incoherent chord …
Social Interactions Among Two Males In A Captive Group Of Rough-Toothed Dolphins (Steno Bredanesis),
2016
University of Southern Mississippi
Social Interactions Among Two Males In A Captive Group Of Rough-Toothed Dolphins (Steno Bredanesis), Pepper Reid Hanna
Master's Theses
There is relatively little known about the social behavior of rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) particularly in comparison to information on the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, (Tursiops truncates). The purpose of the current study is to describe the social behavior of two juvenile male rough-toothed dolphins housed at Gulf World Marine Park in Panama City Beach, FL. Rates of affiliative social behaviors were greater between the two males within this group compared to the other pairs of dolphins. The males exhibited a high rate of association, calculated using the half-weight index. Following aggressive behavior within the overall group, the …
Problem Analysis In Community Violence Assessments: Reavealing Early Childhood Trauma As A Driver Of Youth And Gang Violence,
2016
Clark University
Problem Analysis In Community Violence Assessments: Reavealing Early Childhood Trauma As A Driver Of Youth And Gang Violence, Laurie Ross Phd, Samantha Arsenault, Sergeant Miguel Lopez
Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise
Problem analysis conducted by a university-based research partner can provide communities with data-driven options to address the local drivers of serious youth and gang violence. Situated in Worcester, Massachusetts, this article describes how after early childhood trauma was identified as a potential driver of adolescent and young adult violence, problem analysis using local data confirmed that being the victim or witness of a traumatic incident before the age of 12 was significantly correlated with involvement in violence in adolescence or young adulthood. While there is a robust literature on the relationship between early childhood trauma and later delinquency, local decision-makers …
The Peacock Effect: The Influence Of The Opposite Sex On Aggressive Behavior,
2016
Gettysburg College
The Peacock Effect: The Influence Of The Opposite Sex On Aggressive Behavior, Kira J. Mason
Celebration
Most widely-accepted models for aggression do not explicitly address an important variable that roots in evolutionary psychology: the presence of a potential mate. The current research investigates whether the presence of an attractive or unattractive member of the opposite sex influences hypothetical aggression. Participants (N = 1035) imagined themselves in front of an attractive or non-attractive member of the opposite sex (accompanied by pictures of corresponding attractiveness levels), and indicate their aggressive intentions after a provocation, or not. Results from the 2(sex) x 2(attractiveness) ANOVA showed that males viewing an image of an attractive female aggressed more when provoked than …
Sensor-Enabled Reduction Of Stereotypy,
2016
Western Michigan University
Sensor-Enabled Reduction Of Stereotypy, Aaron Brzezinski
Honors Theses
The goal of this study was to create and implement an intervention to reduce stereotypic behavior in a child with Autism. The participant was chosen based on a high occurrence of target behavior and was recruited through his treatment center. The target behaviors were selected based on the subjective evaluation of his treatment provider and parents. The dependent variable in this study was hand-flapping. The independent variable was DRO training that included a buzzer and a chime noise contingent on the presence or absence of stereotypy respectively. A Microsoft Kinect© 2.0 was used to track occurrence of target behavior and …
Transitioning Children With Autism From A Discrete Trial Classroom To A Group Classroom,
2016
Western Michigan University
Transitioning Children With Autism From A Discrete Trial Classroom To A Group Classroom, Alexandra Ennis
Honors Theses
The goal of this project was to prepare children diagnosed with autism for the transition to group learning environments by teaching them to sit in their chair and attend while the teacher is at least five feet away. This is a skill that will help kids succeed when they make the transition from an early intervention program to a group learner environment because it allows the teacher to focus more on learning important skills. A proximity procedure was put in place for two children that focused on gradually increasing the distance between the tutor and the student with use of …
Increasing Vocalizations In Children With Autism,
2016
Western Michigan University
Increasing Vocalizations In Children With Autism, Nicholette Christodoulou
Honors Theses
This study focuses on increasing vocalizations for students with Autism spectrum disorder. A three-part intervention was used to attempt to establish an echoic repertoire in students who had little to no vocalizations. Both students attended an early intervention classroom with a special education school. Students were selected from their classroom if they showed little to no vocalization or echoic skills. The goal during the first phase was to collect all sounds being made by the student to increase the overall number of vocalizations being made. This was done by continuous reinforcement using edible reinforcers. In phase two, the student’s dominant …
A Mturk Facial Inference Study,
2016
Central Washington University
A Mturk Facial Inference Study, Janine Swiney, Anthony Stahelski, Mary Radeke
Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)
This survey is one in a series of studies utilizing Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to investigate the facial inference process. Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (angry, sad, happy) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was presented for 10 seconds followed by four questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown, from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consist of condensed sets of the Big …
A Mturk Facial Inference Study,
2016
Central Washington University
A Mturk Facial Inference Study, Janine Swiney, Anthony Stahelski, Mary Radeke
Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)
This survey is one in a series of studies utilizing Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to investigate the facial inference process. Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (angry, sad, happy) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was presented for 10 seconds followed by four questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown, from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consist of condensed sets of the Big …
The Influence Of Appearance In Hri Selection,
2016
University of Central Florida
The Influence Of Appearance In Hri Selection, Dani Somerville, William Volante, Tracy Sanders, Peter Hancock
Human Factors and Applied Psychology Student Conference
No abstract provided.
