Towards A Physio-Cognitive Model Of Slow-Breathing,
2018
Bucknell University
Towards A Physio-Cognitive Model Of Slow-Breathing, Chris Dancy
Faculty Conference Papers and Presentations
How may controlled breathing be beneficial, or detrimental to behavior? Computational process models are useful to specify the potential mechanisms that lead to behavioral adaptation during different breathing exercises. We present a physio-cognitive model of slow breathing implemented within a hybrid cognitive architecture, ACT-R/Φ. Comparisons to data from an experiment indicate that the physiological mechanisms are operating in a manner that is consistent with actual human function. The presented computational model provides predictions of ways that controlled breathing interacts with mechanisms of arousal to mediate cognitive behavior. The increasing use of breathing techniques to counteract effects of stressors makes it …
Towards A Physio-Cognitive Model Of The Exploration Exploitation Trade-Off.,
2018
Bucknell University
Towards A Physio-Cognitive Model Of The Exploration Exploitation Trade-Off., David M. Schwartz, Christopher L. Dancy
Faculty Conference Papers and Presentations
Managing the exploration vs exploitation trade-off is an important part of our everyday lives. It occurs in minor decisions such as choosing what music to listen to as well as major decisions, such as picking a research direction to pursue. The dilemma is the same despite the context: does one exploit the environment, using current knowledge to acquire a satisfactory solution, or explore other options and potentially find a better answer. An accurate cognitive model must be able to handle this trade-off because of the importance it plays in our lives. We are developing physio-cognitive models to better understand how …
Social Contact Patterns Can Buffer Costs Of Forgetting In The Evolution Of Cooperation,
2018
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Social Contact Patterns Can Buffer Costs Of Forgetting In The Evolution Of Cooperation, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Jan K. Woike, Lael J. Schooler, Stefan Lindner, Thorsten Pachur
Jeffrey Stevens Publications
Analyses of the evolution of cooperation often rely on two simplifying assumptions: (i) individuals interact equally frequently with all social network members and (ii) they accurately remember each partner's past cooperation or defection. Here, we examine how more realistic, skewed patterns of contact—in which individuals interact primarily with only a subset of their network's members—influence cooperation. In addition, we test whether skewed contact patterns can counteract the decrease in cooperation caused by memory errors (i.e. forgetting). Finally, we compare two types of memory error that vary in whether forgotten interactions are replaced with random actions or with actions from previous …
Mesotocin Influences Pinyon Jay Prosociality,
2018
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Mesotocin Influences Pinyon Jay Prosociality, Juan Duque, Whitney Leichner, Holly Ahmann, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Jeffrey Stevens Publications
Many species exhibit prosocial behavior, in which one individual’s actions benefit another individual, often without an immediate benefit to itself. The neuropeptide oxytocin is an important hormonal mechanism influencing prosociality in mammals, but it is unclear whether the avian homologue mesotocin plays a similar functional role in birds. Here, we experimentally tested prosociality in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus), a highly social corvid species that spontaneously shares food with others. First, we measured prosocial preferences in a prosocial choice task with two different payoff distributions: Prosocial trials delivered food to both the subject and either an empty cage or a partner …
Both Facts And Feelings: Emotion And News Literacy,
2018
Linfield College
Both Facts And Feelings: Emotion And News Literacy, Susan Currie Sivek
Faculty Publications
News literacy education has long focused on the significance of facts, sourcing, and verifiability. While these are critical aspects of news, rapidly developing emotion analytics technologies intended to respond to and even alter digital news audiences’ emotions also demand that we pay greater attention to the role of emotion in news consumption. This essay explores the role of emotion in the “fake news” phenomenon and the implementation of emotion analytics tools in news distribution. I examine the function of emotion in news consumption and the status of emotion within existing news literacy training programs. Finally, I offer suggestions for addressing …
If Nonhuman Animals Can Suicide, Why Don’T They?,
2018
University of Gloucestershire, England
If Nonhuman Animals Can Suicide, Why Don’T They?, C. A. Soper, Todd K. Shackelford
Animal Sentience
An evolutionary analysis suggests that selection is unlikely to have tolerated the capacity for intentional self-killing in nonhuman animals. The potential to escape pain by suicide would have presented a recurrent and severe adaptive problem for an animal with a reproductive future to protect. If the potential for suicide arose in the evolutionary past, anti-suicide mechanisms may have co-evolved, as we believe they have in adult humans. Peña-Guzmán’s (2017) argument that some nonhuman animals can suicide is incomplete without an account of the defences that result in the vast majority opting not to.
Memory Of Words: A Categorization Task,
2018
University of Central Florida
Memory Of Words: A Categorization Task, Paulina Maxim
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Through the years, the Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm has demonstrated to be a useful method of observing false memories from semantically related word lists. The present study was conducted fully online and measured memory performance dependent on categorization of words by using groups, as well as dragging words across the page as a form of interaction. In a 2 (Categorized, Non-Categorized) x 2 (Interactive, Non-Interactive) between-subject factorial experiment, 56 undergraduate students were shown 18 different lists of 15 associative words to be studied, one list at a time. Participants were given a free recall test immediately after studying each individual list. Participants …
Chicken Minds And Moral Standing,
2018
York University
Chicken Minds And Moral Standing, Kristin Andrews
Animal Sentience
Some of the cognitive traits that Marino reviews are not in themselves relevant to ethics, either for chickens or human infants, but affective traits are, among them desires.
Subliminal Messaging: How Effective Is It?,
2018
Parkland College
Subliminal Messaging: How Effective Is It?, Sophia Frazier
A with Honors Projects
For this A with Honors paper, the student questions whether the controversial advertising method of subliminal messaging, which has been shown to provide limited results, needs to be regulated by the FCC and FTC. Concludes that the invasive nature and rights of the consumer validate regulation, despite the ineffecivenss of the technique.
Online Product Reviews: Effects Of Star Ratings And Valence On Review Perception Among Those High And Low In Need For Cognition,
2018
University of Central Florida
Online Product Reviews: Effects Of Star Ratings And Valence On Review Perception Among Those High And Low In Need For Cognition, Jacquelyn L. Schreck
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The Internet is becoming the main source for various tasks, from learning, to working, and shopping. There are many websites one can use to shop. Almost all stores have a website from which you can order anything you might want. As online shopping becomes more prominent, it is important to understand the effects of the Internet and its product reviewers and, specific to this study, consumer decision making. This study seeks to understand the effect of star ratings and valence on review perception between the different cognitive levels of individuals. Recognition review perception, and intent to purchase were being measured. …
Emotion In The Common Model Of Cognition,
2018
Wright State University
Emotion In The Common Model Of Cognition, Othalia Larue, Robert West, Paul Rosenbloom, Christopher L. Dancy, Alexei V. Samsonovich, Dean Petters, Ion Juvina
Faculty Journal Articles
Emotions play an important role in human cognition and therefore need to be present in the Common Model of Cognition. In this paper, the emotion working group focuses on functional aspects of emotions and describes what we believe are the points of interactions with the Common Model of Cognition. The present paper should not be viewed as a consensus of the group but rather as a first attempt to extract common and divergent aspects of different models of emotions and how they relate to the Common Model of Cognition.
Makeup Changes The Apparent Size Of Facial Features,
2018
Gettysburg College
Makeup Changes The Apparent Size Of Facial Features, Alex L. Jones, Aurélie Porcheron, Richard Russell
Psychology Faculty Publications
Makeup is a prominent example of the universal human practice of personal decoration. Many studies have shown that makeup makes the face appear more beautiful, but the visual cues mediating this effect are not well understood. A widespread belief holds that makeup makes the facial features appear larger. We tested this hypothesis using a novel reference comparison paradigm, in which carefully controlled photographs of faces with and without makeup were compared with an average reference face. Participants compared the relative size of specific features (eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth) of the reference face and individual faces with or without makeup. Across …
The Imprint Of Childhood Abuse On Trauma-Related Shame In Adulthood,
2018
University of South Florida St. Petersburg
The Imprint Of Childhood Abuse On Trauma-Related Shame In Adulthood, Joan A. Reid
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
Research has consistently linked residual trauma-related shame among child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors to sexual revictimization, health risk behaviors, and poorer response to mental health treatment. However, questions remain regarding the imprint of childhood maltreatment on trauma-related shame including which CSA characteristics or types of childhood maltreatment contribute to residual shame in adulthood. Using data drawn from a prospective study of 174 primarily African American women with histories of CSA and a matched comparison group, this study explores whether specific characteristics of CSA (familial CSA, CSA with penetration, force used by CSA perpetrator), repeat sexual victimization in adolescence, childhood physical …
Beauty Is In The Eye Of The Beer Holder: An Initial Investigation Of The Effects Of Alcohol, Attractiveness, Warmth, And Competence On The Objectifying Gaze In Men,
2018
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Beauty Is In The Eye Of The Beer Holder: An Initial Investigation Of The Effects Of Alcohol, Attractiveness, Warmth, And Competence On The Objectifying Gaze In Men, Abigail R. Riemer, Michelle Haikalis, Molly R. Franz, Michael Dodd, David Dilillo, Sarah Gervais
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Despite literature revealing the adverse consequences of objectifying gazes for women, little work has empirically examined origins of objectifying gazes by perceivers. Integrating alcohol myopia and objectification theories, we examined the effects of alcohol as well as perceived female attractiveness, warmth, and competence on objectifying gazes. Specifically, male undergraduates (n = 49) from a large U.S. Midwestern university were administered either an alcoholic or placebo beverage. After consumption, participants were asked to focus on the appearance or personality (counterbalanced) of pictured women who were previously rated as high, average, or low in attractiveness, warmth, and competence. Replicating previous work, appearance …
Poor Metacognitive Awareness Of Belief Change,
2018
Grand Valley State University
Poor Metacognitive Awareness Of Belief Change, Michael Wolfe, Todd J. Williams
Open Access Publishing Support Funded Articles
When people change beliefs as a result of reading a text, are they aware of these changes? This question was examined for beliefs about spanking as an effective means of discipline. In two experiments, subjects reported beliefs about spanking effectiveness during a prescreening session. In a subsequent experimental session, subjects read a one-sided text that advocated a belief consistent or inconsistent position on the topic. After reading, subjects reported their current beliefs and attempted to recollect their initial beliefs. Subjects reading a belief inconsistent text were more likely to change their beliefs than those who read a belief consistent text. …
Log Kya Kahenge: Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Stigma In The South Asian American Community,
2018
Pomona College
Log Kya Kahenge: Psychological Well-Being And Perceived Stigma In The South Asian American Community, Khushboo Jain
Pomona Senior Theses
Current research has independently studied depression, stigma, and coping mechanisms in relation to culture, yet the effects of perceived stigma on the relationship between depression and control coping are heavily understudied. Typically, studies have broadly focused on comparing eastern and western cultures, but have not analyzed how populations with mixed cultural influences experience depression and stigma and further engage in control coping mechanisms. This study thus explores how perceived stigma moderates the relationship between depressive symptoms and control coping mechanisms for South Asian Americans. The study hypothesizes that the level of perceived stigma will moderate the relationship between depression and …
On Elemental Phenomenology: Sallis And Dzogchen Buddhism,
2018
California Institute of Integral Studies
On Elemental Phenomenology: Sallis And Dzogchen Buddhism, Schwartz, Michael
Journal of Conscious Evolution
John Sallis’ volumes on the Force of the Imagination (2000) and Logic of the Imagination (2012) constitute, in the field of contemporary Continental thought, a novel philosophical view of the elementals. Tibetan Buddhism has a more than a thousand-year old tradition of teaching about and practicing with the elements. This study is a preliminary exploration of the cross-currents of these two elemental teachings.
Uncovering The Lost Knowledge Of The Imagination In Films,
2018
California Institute of Integral Studies
Uncovering The Lost Knowledge Of The Imagination In Films, Seda, Daniel A.
Journal of Conscious Evolution
Films have forever changed the way in which humans perceive reality and have provided significant opportunities to spread knowledge in ways that are both entertaining and deceptive. Uncovering the lost knowledge of the imagination shifts an individual’s perceptions of a shared experience and exposes film’s persuasive power to penetrate the psyche. This paper explores the constitutions of reality and how humans are able to tap into other realms of consciousness through mediums of creative expression. Topics such as the origins of life, the hidden knowledge of secret societies, and the burgeoning full disclosure movement for truth are discussed as a …
The Role Of Sleep Deprivation And Fatigue In The Perception Of Task Difficulty And Use Of Heuristics,
2018
CUNY Bernard M Baruch College
The Role Of Sleep Deprivation And Fatigue In The Perception Of Task Difficulty And Use Of Heuristics, Mindy Engle-Friedman, Gina Marie Mathew, Anastasia Martinova, Forrest Armstrong, Viktoriya Konstantinov
Publications and Research
Objectives: This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on perception of task difficulty and use of heuristics (mental shortcuts) compared to naturally-experienced sleep at home. Methods: Undergraduate students were screened and assigned through block-random assignment to Naturally-Experienced Sleep (NES; n=19) or Total Sleep Deprivation (TSD; n=20). The next morning, reported fatigue, perception of task difficulty, and use of “what-is-beautiful-is-good,” “greedy algorithm,” and “speed-accuracy trade-off ” heuristics were assessed. Results: NES slept for an average of 354.74 minutes (SD=72.84), or 5.91 hours. TSD rated a reading task as significantly more difficult and requiring more time than NES. TSD was …
Face Perception And Identification,
2018
University of Montana, Missoula
Face Perception And Identification, Audrey Aamot
Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts
The present research aimed to examine the combined effects of the own-race effect and own-age bias in relation to memory performance. The own-race effect suggests that individuals perform better when asked to remember faces of the same race as their own, as opposed to faces of a different race (Meissner, Brigham & Butz, 2005). Own-age bias is a tendency for individuals to perform better when remembering faces from the same age group as their own (Rhodes & Anastasi, 2005, 2012). It was hypothesized that when recognizing faces of a different age and race, memory accuracy would be worse, when compared …
