Memory And True Lies,
2010
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Memory And True Lies, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article discusses the concept of memory, its relation to culture, and three hypothetical phenomena associated with it.
The Statistical Properties Of The Survivor Interaction Contrast,
2010
Wright State University - Main Campus
The Statistical Properties Of The Survivor Interaction Contrast, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend
Psychology Faculty Publications
The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) is a powerful tool for assessing the architecture and stopping rule of a model of mental processes. Despite its demonstrated utility, the methodology has lacked a method for statistical testing until now. In this paper we briefly describe the SIC then develop some basic statistical properties of the measure. These developments lead to a statistical test for rejecting certain classes of models based on the SIC. We verify these tests using simulated data, then demonstrate their use on data from a simple cognitive task.
Anger, Fear, And Escalation Of Commitment,
2010
Singapore Management University
Anger, Fear, And Escalation Of Commitment, Ming-Hong Tsai, Maia J. Young
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Two studies examined how discrete emotions influence escalation of commitment. Study 1 demonstrated that anger was associated with more escalation of commitment than fear in a personnel hiring-appraisal context. In addition, it revealed the mediating effect of risk perception; angry compared to fearful individuals perceived lower risk in their initial decision, which in turn increased the tendency to escalate commitment. Study 2 replicated the pattern of results of Study 1 in a financial decision-making situation. Contrary to conclusions drawn from the results of prior research, the current studies suggest that not all negative emotions alleviate escalation of commitment.
Associations Between Mindfulness And Symptoms Of Anxiety.,
2010
East Tennessee State University
Associations Between Mindfulness And Symptoms Of Anxiety., Leisa L. Wells
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This cross-sectional exploratory study considered the associations between mindfulness and symptoms of anxiety. The participants in this study were 183 undergraduate students at a regional university in the southeastern United States. The general hypothesis was that higher levels of mindfulness would be associated with lower levels of anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association between a variety of aspects of mindfulness and symptoms of anxiety while controlling for a variety of demographic and historical variables, including previous experience with meditation. Results suggest that not all aspects of mindfulness were related to anxiety. Of the 12 specific …
Exploration Of The Relationship Between Moral Judgment Development And Attention,
2010
Western Kentucky University
Exploration Of The Relationship Between Moral Judgment Development And Attention, Lauren I. Clark
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Research in moral psychology has focused on understanding what factors assist in the development of moral action and decision making. The purpose of this study was to address whether variability in attention relates to moral judgment development. The reason for exploring moral judgment development was to further explore the research of Thoma and Bebeau (2008) who documented that the moral development scores of college and graduate students has been declining over time, with more college-aged students scoring in the lower levels of moral reasoning. Attention was chosen as a viable topic of research, based on the writings of Carr (2008a) …
An Examination Of Student-Ahtletes' Perceptions Of Their Academic Abilities,
2010
Western Kentucky University
An Examination Of Student-Ahtletes' Perceptions Of Their Academic Abilities, Tiffany Ann White
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
A common stereotype in our society is that athletes are not as capable of performing well academically as their non-athlete counterparts; they are “dumb jocks”. Do athletes feel that others have lower expectations of them academically? This is important because previous research in education has shown that expectations play a role in academic achievement (for example, Rosenthal and Jacobson’s Pygmalion effect (1968) and self-fulfilling prophecy research). The current study examined student-athletes’ perceptions of this stereotype. Three areas were addressed: athletes’ perceptions of their peers’ awareness that the student is a student-athlete, perceptions of their instructors and peers academic expectations of …
Examining The Relationship Between Body Work And Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms,
2010
Western Kentucky University
Examining The Relationship Between Body Work And Muscle Dysmorphia Symptoms, Katharine J. Reynolds
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether men with a large amount of Muscle Dysmorphia symptoms had a more favorable outlook and opinion of body work. Participants in the current study were a convenience sample of men recruited from undergraduate classes at Western Kentucky University and the community of Bowling Green Kentucky and Somerset Kentucky. A total of 215 men completed the study. Participants completed the Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) and the Attitude-Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ). Results indicate scores on the MDI were significant predictors of scores on the ABQ. This suggests that men with a high number of …
Knowledge Of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury In Populations That Self-Injure,
2010
Western Kentucky University
Knowledge Of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury In Populations That Self-Injure, Darcy Leanne Cates
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined knowledge about non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, in individuals who engage in various degrees of the behavior and those who do not self-injure. Knowledge about NSSI was measured in three groups of respondents: those with no history of self-injurious behavior (no NSSI group), those with more limited experience with NSSI who reported 1-30 incidences of NSSI (limited NSSI group), and those with an extensive history (extensive NSSI group) who reported over 30 incidences of NSSI. To measure knowledge, participants were asked level of agreement with myths and facts about NSSI using …
Addressing Relationships Among Moral Judgment Development, Narcissism, And Electronic Media And Communication Devices,
2010
Western Kentucky University
Addressing Relationships Among Moral Judgment Development, Narcissism, And Electronic Media And Communication Devices, Meghan M. Saculla
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Recently, Thoma and Bebeau (2008) reported moral judgment developmental trends among various samples of undergraduates and graduates where increases in Personal Interests reasoning and decreases in Postconventional reasoning were observed. In an attempt to explain such trends, they cited recent trends in increased narcissism among college students (Twenge, Konrath, Foster, Campbell, & Bushman, 2008) and also noted that certain types of technological devices (i.e. social networking websites, cell phones, etc.) may have adverse effects social decision-making and self-presentation. The current study, therefore, addresses the relationships among moral judgment development, narcissism, and electronic media and communication devices (EMCD's). Analyses support that …
Exploring The Phenomena Of Inner Experience With Descriptive Experience Sampling,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Exploring The Phenomena Of Inner Experience With Descriptive Experience Sampling, Janell M. Mihelic
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This study provides a survey of the phenomena of normal, everyday inner experience using the Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) method. Results demonstrated that five types of inner experience (sensory awareness, feeling, unsymbolized thinking, inner seeing, and inner speech) occurred in approximately one-quarter of sampled moments and that there were significant individual differences regarding the frequency with which subjects experienced these phenomena. Three new dimensions (richness of inner experience, the number of experiences present, and the overall valence of the experience) along which inner experience could be characterized were identified and used reliably to characterize moments of experience. Finally, although there …
The Effects Of Cultural Experience And Subdivision On Tapping To Slow Tempi,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
The Effects Of Cultural Experience And Subdivision On Tapping To Slow Tempi, Sangeeta Ullal
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Our ability to accurately synchronize with rhythmic patterns is constrained by two factors: temporal length and interval structure. By using strategies such as subdivision, we can improve synchronization accuracy at slow tempos, but our ability to utilize subdivisions is constrained by the nature of interval ratios contained in culture-specific subdivision types. Western music falls within a restricted temporal range and its metrical subdivisions contain simple ratios, but Indian music violates these constraints. The present study examines the effects of culture-specific experience on these constraints. American and Indian listeners were asked to perform synchronous tapping to a stimulus with a slow …
Topology In Composite Spatial Terms,
2010
Technological University Dublin
Topology In Composite Spatial Terms, John D. Kelleher, Robert J. Ross
Conference papers
People often refer to objects by describing the object's spatial location relative to another object, e.g. the book on the right of the table. This type of referring expression is called a spatial locative expression. Spatial locatives have three major components: (1) the target object that is being located (the book), (2) the landmark object relative to which the target is being located (the table), and (3) the description of the spatial relationship that exists between the target and the landmark (on the right of ). In English spatial relationships are often described using spatial prepositions. The set of English …
Inferring Rules From Sound: The Role Of Domain-Specific Knowledge In Speech And Music Perception,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Inferring Rules From Sound: The Role Of Domain-Specific Knowledge In Speech And Music Perception, Aaronell Shaila Matta
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Speech and music are two forms of complex auditory structure that play fundamental roles in everyday human experience and require certain basic perceptual and cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, when attempting to infer patterns from sequential auditory input, human listeners may use the same information differently depending on whether a sound is heard in a linguistic vs. musical context. The goal of these studies was to examine the role of domain-specific knowledge in auditory pattern perception. Specifically, the study examined the inference of "rules" in novel sound sequences that contained patterns of spectral structure (speech or instrument timbre) and fundamental frequency (pitch). …
Verbal And Visual Learning And Memory Deficits As Trait Markers For Psychosis In Bipolar Disorder,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Verbal And Visual Learning And Memory Deficits As Trait Markers For Psychosis In Bipolar Disorder, Griffin P. Sutton
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The presence of neurocognitive deficits in the affective and psychotic psychiatric disorders (i.e., bipolar disorder with psychotic features, bipolar disorder without psychotic features, and schizophrenia) has been well documented, with such these deficits having been found to overlap across these diagnostic categories to a degree. Along with other types of evidence reported, these findings suggest that bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may not be isolated disorders as suggested by the current diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-IV (APA, 1994), but rather may be related disorders on a spectrum marked by bipolar disorder without psychosis on one end and by schizophrenia on …
Examining The Relationship Between Criticism And Muscle Dysmorphia Symptomotology In Collegiate Men,
2010
Western Kentucky University
Examining The Relationship Between Criticism And Muscle Dysmorphia Symptomotology In Collegiate Men, Lauren M. Menees
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between critical comments that men can recall others making about their bodies and their current level of Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) symptomotology. Participants (N = 118) were recruited via study board from a mid-Western university with a population of 20,674 students. The hypothesis of the current study was that men who can recall critical comments about their bodies will report more MD symptomotology than those who remembered no such comments. In addition, it was expected that out of those who recall critical comments, the more severe or threatening they remember …
Proceedings Of The Sixth International Natural Language Generation Conference (Inlg 2010).,
2010
Technological University Dublin
Proceedings Of The Sixth International Natural Language Generation Conference (Inlg 2010)., John D. Kelleher, Brian Mac Namee, Ielka Van Der Sluis
Conference papers
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Rater Training On The Relationship Between Item Observability And Rater Agreement,
2010
Western Kentucky University
The Effects Of Rater Training On The Relationship Between Item Observability And Rater Agreement, Keaton Edwin Montgomery
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This study was an extension of a study conducted by Roch, Paquin, and Littlejohn (2009). They investigated the relationship between rater agreement and the observability of items on a rating form. The current study found similar results in that, as items became less observable, interrater agreement increased. The purpose of this study was to introduce frame of reference training as an extension to the Roch et al. study in order to reverse their findings. In other words, trained raters would be less likely to default to a general impression on less observable items and thus would demonstrate higher rater agreement …
The Effects Of Picture Presentation On Male Body Shame And Muscle Dysmorphia,
2010
Western Kentucky University
The Effects Of Picture Presentation On Male Body Shame And Muscle Dysmorphia, Samantha A. Wilson
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether picture presentation influenced men’s experienced body shame or Muscle Dysmorphia symptomatology, and whether there was a relationship between body shame and Muscle Dysmorphia. Participants were 112 men attending Western Kentucky University. Participants completed the Body Shame Questionnaire and Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory. Participants were randomly assigned to either view eight photographs of average men or eight photographs of muscular men. After viewing the photographs, the participants completed the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale and the Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale. Although there was a trend, results indicate that men who view photographs of muscular …
African American And Caucasian Males' Evaluation Of Racialized Female Facial Averages,
2010
University of Nevada Las Vegas
African American And Caucasian Males' Evaluation Of Racialized Female Facial Averages, Rhea M. Watson
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The answer to what makes a face attractive has been debated for generations and studied in different disciplines. The current study investigated African American and Caucasian males' evaluation (attraction) to racialized female faces. Faces varied from 100% African American to 100% Caucasian (and included variations that were 25% of either group, or 50% of both groups). Twenty African American and 30 Caucasian men each viewed ten faces, and evaluated them in terms of their appearance and the likelihood that the men would interact with (befriend, date, or marry) the person pictured. Findings revealed that African American men found the 100% …
Trial And Error, Delayed Prompting, And Reinforcement Of Prompted Responses In Teaching Receptive Identification Of Pictures,
2010
Western Michigan University
Trial And Error, Delayed Prompting, And Reinforcement Of Prompted Responses In Teaching Receptive Identification Of Pictures, Kristen Lynn Gaisford
Dissertations
Three strategies to train receptive identification of pictures were compared: (a) trial and error, (b) delayed finger-point prompt followed by a reinforcer, and (c) delayed finger-point prompt followed by the spoken word, "good". These three strategies were compared using a multi-element design, assessing the performance of four children, ranging from two to four years of age, selected from a classroom that provides services to children with Early Childhood Developmental Delays (ECDD). Two children mastered the receptive identification of pictures at the same rate regardless of the strategy. For the remaining two participants, the rate of mastery was the same for …
