A Federalist George W. Bush And An Anti-Federalist Barack Obama? The Irony And Paradoxes Behind Republican And Democratic Administration Drug Policies,
2013
University of Texas at El Paso
A Federalist George W. Bush And An Anti-Federalist Barack Obama? The Irony And Paradoxes Behind Republican And Democratic Administration Drug Policies, José Villalobos
Departmental Papers (PS)
During President George W. Bush’s tenure in the White House, his administration stood clearly against state-level efforts in California and elsewhere to decriminalize soft drugs. Despite his loyalty to smaller government values and state sovereignty on other issues, the prospect of state-level drug decriminalization led Bush to pursue federal means of enforcing anti-drug laws. Years later, President Barack Obama, though known for his reputation as a federalist, shifted power over drug policy enforcement more towards the state level as a means to allow certain states to enact drug decriminalization policies at their will, particularly with respect to medicinal marijuana. The …
Unconscious Priming Requires Early Visual Cortex At Specific Temporal Phases Of Processing,
2013
CUNY Graduate Center
Unconscious Priming Requires Early Visual Cortex At Specific Temporal Phases Of Processing, Marjan Persuh, Tony Ro
Publications and Research
Although examples of unconscious shape priming have been well documented, whether such priming requires early visual cortex (V1/V2) has not been established. In the current study, we used TMS of V1/V2 at varying temporal intervals to suppress the visibility of preceding shape primes while the interval between primes and targets was kept constant. Our results show that, although conscious perception requires V1/V2, unconscious priming can occur without V1/V2 at an intermediate temporal interval but not at early (5–25 msec) or later (65–125 msec) stages of processing. Because the later time window of unconscious priming suppression has been proposed to interfere …
Mouse-Tracking Reveals When The Stroop Effect Happens.,
2013
Cleveland State University
Mouse-Tracking Reveals When The Stroop Effect Happens., Sara Incera, Theresa A. Markis, Conor T. Mclennan
Psychology Faculty Publications
We examined the continuous dynamics of the Stroop task using mouse-tracking. Participants moved the computer mouse to indicate the color of words presented on the computer screen in both congruent (blue in blue font) and incongruent (blue in yellow font) conditions. Mouse-tracking data revealed significant differences in reaction times, spatial attraction, and velocity. In the Stroop effect, word reading and color processing influenced performance, but they did so differently: Word reading influenced the early part of the mouse trajectory, but color processing influenced later parts. The data provide important new information about the real time processing dynamics underlying the effect.
Using Mouse Tracking To Examine The Time Course Of An Auditory Lexical Decision Task,
2013
Cleveland State University
Using Mouse Tracking To Examine The Time Course Of An Auditory Lexical Decision Task, Maura Krestar, Sara Incera, Conor T. Mclennan
Psychology Faculty Publications
Mouse-tracking studies demonstrate that hand movements reveal the progression of responses over time during
psychological tasks. In the present study, we examined the time course of cognitive processing during an auditory lexical
decision task. The following predicted results emerged to indicate facilitation for words relative to nonwords: 1) shorter
reaction times; 2) fewer direction changes, and, compared to the ideal trajectory; 3) smaller deviation; and, 4) area under
the curve for words relative to nonwords. We also found predicted differences between words and nonwords in velocity
throughout the trials, providing a greater understanding of the real-time processing dynamics throughout the …
Dynamics Of Perceptual Organization In Complex Visual Search: The Identification Of Self Organized Criticality With Respect To Visual Grouping Principles,
2013
University of Southern Mississippi
Dynamics Of Perceptual Organization In Complex Visual Search: The Identification Of Self Organized Criticality With Respect To Visual Grouping Principles, Attila Jozsef Farkas
Dissertations
The current project applies modern quantitative theories of visual perception to examine the effect of the Gestalt Law of proximity on visual cognition. Gestalt Laws are spontaneous dynamic processes (Brunswik & Kamiya, 1953; Wertheimer, 1938) that underlie the principles of perceptual organization. These principles serve as mental short-cuts, heuristic rule-of-thumb strategies that shorten decision-making time and allow continuous, efficient processing and flow of information (Hertwig & Todd, 2002). The proximity heuristic refers to the observation that objects near each other in the visual field tend to be grouped together by the perceptual system (Smith-Gratto & Fisher, 1999). Proximity can be …
Opening The Creative Mind Of High Need For Cognitive Closure Individuals Through Activation Of Uncreative Ideas,
2013
Singapore Management University
Opening The Creative Mind Of High Need For Cognitive Closure Individuals Through Activation Of Uncreative Ideas, Lay See Ong, Angela K. Y. Leung
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Drawing on the integrative system theory of creativity combining the person, process, and press perspectives, this research offers the first evidence of how high-need-for-cognitive-closure (NFC) individuals’ creative mind can be opened up, by making them become more cognizant of uncreative ideas as consensually invalid solutions to creative problems. A validation study was conducted to first establish the utility of a newly developed chocolate design task. In the second study, half of the participants were made aware of conventional chocolate designs by drawing these designs before generating a revolutionized design of chocolate; the other half did not have to draw out …
Meta-Knowledge Of Culture Promotes Cultural Competence,
2013
Singapore Management University
Meta-Knowledge Of Culture Promotes Cultural Competence, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Sau-Lai Lee, Chi-Yue Chiu
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
A behavioral signature of cross-cultural competence is discriminative use of culturally appropriate behavioral strategies in different cultural contexts. Given the central role communication plays in cross-cultural adjustment and adaptation, the present investigation examines how meta-knowledge of culture—defined as knowledge of what members of a certain culture know—affects culturally competent cross-cultural communication. We reported two studies that examined display of discriminative, culturally sensitive use of cross-cultural communication strategies by bicultural Hong Kong Chinese (Study 1), Chinese students in the United States and European Americans (Study 2). Results showed that individuals formulating a communicative message for a member of a certain culture …
Attention's Grasp: Early And Late Hand Proximity Effects On Visual Evoked Potentials,
2013
Claremont McKenna College
Attention's Grasp: Early And Late Hand Proximity Effects On Visual Evoked Potentials, Catherine L. Reed, David S. Leland, Benjamin Brekke '11, Alan Hartley
CMC Faculty Publications and Research
Behavioral studies suggest that visual attention is biased toward stimuli in the region of space near the palm of the hand, but it is unclear whether this effect is universal or selective for goal/task-related stimuli. We examined event-related potentials (ERPs) using a visual detection task in which the hand was placed near or kept far from target and non-target stimuli that were matched for frequency and visual features to avoid confounding factors. Focusing on attention-sensitive ERP components, we found that P3 (350–450 ms) amplitudes were increased for Hand Near conditions for targets only, demonstrating a selective effect consistent with the …
Glad To Be Sad, And Other Examples Of Benign Masochism,
2013
University of Pennsylvania
Glad To Be Sad, And Other Examples Of Benign Masochism, Paul Rozin, Lily Guillot, Katrina Fincher, Alexander Rozin, Eli Tsukayama
Music Theory, History & Composition Faculty Publications & Performances
No abstract provided.
Are All Types Of Expertise Created Equal? Car Experts Use Different Spatial Frequency Scales For Subordinate Categorization Of Cars And Faces,
2013
Wright State University - Main Campus
Are All Types Of Expertise Created Equal? Car Experts Use Different Spatial Frequency Scales For Subordinate Categorization Of Cars And Faces, Assaf Harel, Shlomo Bentin
Psychology Faculty Publications
A much-debated question in object recognition is whether expertise for faces and expertise for non-face objects utilize common perceptual information. We investigated this issue by assessing the diagnostic information required for different types of expertise. Specifically, we asked whether face categorization and expert car categorization at the subordinate level relies on the same spatial frequency (SF) scales. Fifteen car experts and fifteen novices performed a category verification task with spatially filtered images of faces, cars, and airplanes. Images were categorized based on their basic (e.g. ‘‘car’’) and subordinate level (e.g. ‘‘Japanese car’’) identity. The effect of expertise was not evident …
The Role Of Instrumental Emotion Regulation In The Emotions-Creativity Link: How Worries Render Neurotic Individuals More Creative,
2013
Singapore Management University
The Role Of Instrumental Emotion Regulation In The Emotions-Creativity Link: How Worries Render Neurotic Individuals More Creative, Angela K.-Y. Leung, Letty Kwan, Shyhnan Liou, Chi-Yue Chiu, Lin Qiu, Jose C. Yong
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Based on the instrumental account of emotion regulation, the current research seeks to offer a novel perspective to the emotions-creativity debate by investigating the instrumental value of trait-consistent emotions in creativity. We hypothesize that emotions such as worry (vs. happy) are some trait-consistent experiences for neurotic individuals and experiencing these emotions can facilitate performance in a creativity task. In two studies, we found support for our hypothesis. First, individuals higher in neuroticism had a greater preference for recalling worrisome (vs. happy) events in anticipation of performing a creativity task (Study 1). Moreover, when induced to recall a worrisome (vs. happy) …
Anterior And Posterior Types Of Neuropsychological Deficits In Parkinson’S Disease: A Subgroup Classification Of Cognitive Outcome,
2013
Bridgewater State University
Anterior And Posterior Types Of Neuropsychological Deficits In Parkinson’S Disease: A Subgroup Classification Of Cognitive Outcome, Megan M. Risi
Honors Program Theses and Projects
Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit cognitive deficits. Recent studies suggest there are distinct cognitive profiles of PD characterized by deficits in abilities that are dependent upon anterior versus posterior areas of the brain. While anterior-based deficits are more prevalent, posterior-based deficits are more predictive of the future occurrence of dementia in PD. The purpose of the current project was to examine these cognitive profiles in more detail. Performance on six tests of anterior function and six tests of posterior function was examined in 34 non-demented PD participants and 27 healthy control participants matched for age and education. Results showed …
Feel It, Don't Fake It: Deep Acting And Perceptions Of Feedback Utility,
2013
Butler University
Feel It, Don't Fake It: Deep Acting And Perceptions Of Feedback Utility, Eileen Toomey
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
...Labor has evolved from its focus on service oriented roles to academia, so we aim to add to this pool of research looking into the students' perceptions of emotional labor. More specifically, we look to explore the differences in student perceptions of deep and surface acting when receiving negative feedback from a professor and how this affects students' reactions to the feedback. As such, we hypothesized that participants who received negative feedback from a professor engaging in deep acting would report higher motivation to use the feedback, perceive the feedback to be more fair and useful, and have increased memory …
Election 2008: Flashbulb Memories Of Barack Obama's Election To Presidency,
2013
Butler University
Election 2008: Flashbulb Memories Of Barack Obama's Election To Presidency, Jasmen Rice
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection
Participants (N = 656) from Butler University, Winston-Salem State University, and communities in Indianapolis, IN and Baltimore, MD, answered a questionnaire (two weeks, ten months, and four years after the election) consisting of several parts: a narrative and a set of probe questions regarding their discovery of the presidential announcement and a fact narrative and probed details about the election results. The narrative and probed recall data were scored in a fashion similar to flashbulb memory narratives with canonical election features. Whites generally remembered more than nonwhites. A fading affect bias was found in which the negative affect of conservative …
The Influence Of Spatial Distance Priming On Test Anxiety And Judgments,
2013
Western Kentucky University
The Influence Of Spatial Distance Priming On Test Anxiety And Judgments, Eric R Raap
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
This paper examined the effects of distance priming on test anxiety and judgment. Research suggests that individuals’ perceived distance can impact their affect and judgments, which sheds light on the principle of “distance equals safety” (Williams & Bargh, 2008). Taking an exam invokes both cognitive and emotional anxiety, such as worry, panic, and tension. It is hypothesized that the distance priming may reduce test anxiety—particularly, the emotionality aspect—as well as perceived test difficulty. The results showed that, counter to the hypotheses, there was no significant difference among the three priming groups in their emotional test anxiety or perceived test difficulty. …
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation: Abraham Lincoln As An Adult Learner,
2013
Western Kentucky University
Intrinsic And Extrinsic Motivation: Abraham Lincoln As An Adult Learner, Warren Greer
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Over the last two decades, research has identified factors that foster versus undermine human motivation and well being with important implications for learning and performance. Much of the research is concerned with intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation and autonomous versus non-autonomous learning environments. The data suggests that learning and performance are often significantly enhanced in autonomy-supportive environments that foster intrinsic motivational perspectives. This study examines the lived experience of Abraham Lincoln in the context of his adult learning motivation, forming a qualitative narrative around his adult educational experiences. It was hypothesized that Abraham Lincoln benefited from learning experiences with high levels …
Ages Of Engagement In Risk Taking And Self-Harm: An Investigation Of The Dual Systems Model Of Adolescent Risk Taking,
2013
Western Kentucky University
Ages Of Engagement In Risk Taking And Self-Harm: An Investigation Of The Dual Systems Model Of Adolescent Risk Taking, Brittany Dykstra
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Risk taking (RT) and self-harm (SH) are clinically, conceptually, and empirically
related, yet separate constructs, which occur most frequently during adolescence. The current study utilized retrospective reports of college students to determine reported ages of engagement in RT and SH behaviors. Reported ages were compared with predictions for ages of high frequency engagement in RT based on the Dual Systems Model of Adolescent Risk Taking (DSMART; Steinberg, 2010). The sample consisted of 228 college students, ranging in age from 18 to 48 years (mean 22.8), who completed a survey of commonly investigated RT (12 items) and SH (18 items) behaviors. …
The Role Of Appearance In Perceptions Of Personal Trainers 2013.,
2013
SUNY College Cortland
The Role Of Appearance In Perceptions Of Personal Trainers 2013., Patrick R. Boerner
Master's Theses
The field of personal training in the United States is believed to have begun in the late 1970‟s and the early 1980‟s (Brooks, 2004). Today, personal training is a healthy profession that, according to the United States Department of Labor and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012), is expected to grow 24% (60,400 jobs) between 2010 and 2020. In comparison, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012) predicts the average growth rate for all occupations within the U.S. to be only 14% during the same ten-year span. Rapid growth within the field of personal training has brought an increased scrutiny on …
The Influence Of Children's Affective Ties On The Goal Clarification Step Of Social Information Processing,
2013
Western Kentucky University
The Influence Of Children's Affective Ties On The Goal Clarification Step Of Social Information Processing, Amanda C. Thorn
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Previous studies have shown that children’s social goals are influenced by
emotion and that emotions can be manipulated using relationships. The present study combines these previous findings by examining the effect of children’s relationships on social goals. Social goals were examined in second and fifth grade children using hypothetical ambiguous provocation situations in which the relationship between the participant and the provocateur was manipulated by inserting the name of a friend, enemy, or a neutral peer into the story. After each situation, children rated the importance of four different social goals, indicating which of the four would be the most …
The Effect Of Inversion On Infant Attention Disengagement From Faces.,
2013
University of Louisville
The Effect Of Inversion On Infant Attention Disengagement From Faces., Jessica Pence
College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses
No abstract provided.
