Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage Is Associated With Decreased Ventral Striatum Volume And Response To Reward,
2016
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Damage Is Associated With Decreased Ventral Striatum Volume And Response To Reward, Maia Pujara, Carissa Philippi, Julian Motzkin, Mustafa Baskaya, Michael Koenigs
Psychology Faculty Works
The ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are two central nodes of the “reward circuit” of the brain. Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated coincident activation and functional connectivity between these brain regions, and animal studies have demonstrated that the vmPFC modulates ventral striatum activity. However, there have been no comparable data in humans to address whether the vmPFC may be critical for the reward-related response properties of the ventral striatum. In this study, we used fMRI in five neurosurgical patients with focal vmPFC lesions to test the hypothesis that the vmPFC is necessary for enhancing ventral striatum responses to …
Stop Factory Farming For The Sake Of Humanity!,
2016
Salve Regina University
Stop Factory Farming For The Sake Of Humanity!, Alexander V. Dimauro
ENV 434 Environmental Justice
Abstract: The world is being destroyed. We do not care about the mistreatment of animals in factory farms because of our consumeristic taste buds, but this gluttony is even more problematic than we think. It is blinding us from an even larger factor at stake. Our factory farming methods are a leading contributor in the causes of global warming. What this means for us is that our consumption has a direct impact on our destruction. We need to think big, and act. The only way to combat this issue is through taking courses of action that will force people to …
The Impacts Of Elephant Grazing On Plant Succession In Tropical Forests Of Africa,
2016
Cleveland State University
The Impacts Of Elephant Grazing On Plant Succession In Tropical Forests Of Africa, Nadia Swit
The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University
Succession occurs in an ecosystem when there is a change in the species structure and diversity in an ecological community over time. While this can allow for greater biodiversity, occasionally diversity can be stunted based on the level of disturbance and the invasiveness of the first pioneering species. As in the case of arrested succession, continual disturbance prohibits changes in the environment and suppresses species establishment. The effects of this continued disturbance are seen in the tropical forests in national parks in Uganda and Tanzania in Eastern Africa with African elephants (Loxodonta africana). The continuous browsing on trees …
The Effect Of Noseband Tightening On Horses’ Behavior, Eye Temperature, And Cardiac Responses,
2016
Kandoo Equine
The Effect Of Noseband Tightening On Horses’ Behavior, Eye Temperature, And Cardiac Responses, Kate Fenner, Samuel Yoon, Peter White, Melissa Starling, Paul Mcgreevy
Sport and Working Animal Welfare Collection
Restrictive nosebands are common in equestrian sport. This is concerning, as recent evidence suggests that very tight nosebands can cause a physiological stress response, and may compromise welfare. The objective of the current study was to investigate relationships that noseband tightness has with oral behavior and with physiological changes that indicate a stress response, such as increases in eye temperature (measured with infrared thermography) and heart rate and decreases in heart rate variability (HRV). Horses (n = 12) wearing a double bridle and crank noseband, as is common in dressage at elite levels, were randomly assigned to four treatments: unfastened …
Efficiency Of The Male Effect With Photostimulated Bucks Does Not Depend On Their Familiarity With Goats,
2016
Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro
Efficiency Of The Male Effect With Photostimulated Bucks Does Not Depend On Their Familiarity With Goats, A. L. Muñoz, M. Bedos, R. M. Aroña, J. A. Flores, H. Hernández, C. Moussu, Elodie F. Briefer, P. Chemineau, M. Keller, J. A. Delgadillo
Reproductive Behavior Collection
In ewes, the ovulatory response of females exposed to familiar rams is lower than the response of those exposed to novel ones. In goats, males rendered sexually active by exposure to long days are more efficient to induce ovulation in seasonal anestrous females than untreated males. Two experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether male goats remain familiar to females after 45 days of separation; and 2) whether photostimulated males are able to stimulate the sexual activity of females, independently of their familiarity with them. In Experiment 1, three groups of goats (n = 10 goats per group) were put …
Are Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domestica) Able To Use Complex Human-Given Cues To Find A Hidden Reward?,
2016
Martin Luther Universitat Halle-Wittenberg
Are Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa Domestica) Able To Use Complex Human-Given Cues To Find A Hidden Reward?, Christian Nawroth, Mirjam Ebersbach, Eberhard Von Borell
Social Cognition Collection
Understanding human-animal interactions in livestock production systems is crucial for improving animal welfare. It is therefore of general interest to investigate how livestock animals obtain information from humans. By using an object-choice paradigm, we investigated whether domestic pigs (n = 4) are able to use a variety of human-given cues, such as different pointing gestures, to find a hidden food reward. In Experiment 1, an experimenter pointed towards a baited location in front of the pig while the extent of the protrusion of his hand from the upper body was varied. Pigs had problems using pointing gestures that did not …
An Ethogram For Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae),
2016
University of Lethbridge
An Ethogram For Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae), Jennifer Mather, Jean S. Alupay
Physiology Collection
The present paper constructs a general ethogram for the actions of the flexible body as well as the skin displays of octopuses in the family Octopodidae. The actions of 6 sets of structures (mantle–funnel, arms, sucker–stalk, skin–web, head, and mouth) combine to produce behavioral units that involve positioning of parts leading to postures such as the flamboyant, movements of parts of the animal with relation to itself including head bob and grooming, and movements of the whole animal by both jetting in the water and crawling along the substrate. Muscular actions result in 4 key changes in skin display: (a) …
Pre- And Post-Partum Whistle Production Of A Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) Mother-Calf Dyad,
2016
University of Southern Mississippi
Pre- And Post-Partum Whistle Production Of A Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) Mother-Calf Dyad, Audra Elizabeth Ames
Master's Theses
Whistle use pre- and post-partum in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) mother-calf dyad has rarely been studied. The current study is the first to investigate signature whistle production by the mother pre- and post-partum, as well as whistle use by other members of the social group during calf development, and how exposure to these whistles may affect the calf’s vocal repertoire. Findings showed that the mother increased her rates both pre- and post-delivery, while other group members produced their whistles at decreased rates until the calf’s second week of life. After the calf’s second week, whistle rates of …
Social Interactions Among Two Males In A Captive Group Of Rough-Toothed Dolphins (Steno Bredanesis),
2016
University of Southern Mississippi
Social Interactions Among Two Males In A Captive Group Of Rough-Toothed Dolphins (Steno Bredanesis), Pepper Reid Hanna
Master's Theses
There is relatively little known about the social behavior of rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) particularly in comparison to information on the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, (Tursiops truncates). The purpose of the current study is to describe the social behavior of two juvenile male rough-toothed dolphins housed at Gulf World Marine Park in Panama City Beach, FL. Rates of affiliative social behaviors were greater between the two males within this group compared to the other pairs of dolphins. The males exhibited a high rate of association, calculated using the half-weight index. Following aggressive behavior within the overall group, the …
What Influences Dolphin Interest In Video?,
2016
University of Southern Mississippi
What Influences Dolphin Interest In Video?, Kelley Ann Winship
Dissertations
Environmental enrichment is an important component in maintaining the welfare of animals housed in human care. While a variety of enrichment types (e.g., objects, food, sound) have been utilized, a major challenge in developing enrichment is determining the enrichment potential of various techniques for individual animals. In this study, the efficacy of video clips as enrichment devices was assessed in two species of captive dolphins, exposed to video footage accompanied by sound. Videos were evenly divided into five categories, based on content, and played at underwater viewing windows across 20 sessions while the animals were housed with conspecifics. Species and …
Struggle For Survival: The History And Ethics Of Living Collections,
2016
Buffalo State College
Struggle For Survival: The History And Ethics Of Living Collections, Emily Simms
Museum Studies Theses
This thesis explores the ethics involved with institutions caring for living collections worldwide such as zoos, national parks, and aquariums. There are several main concerns that these institutions are currently facing: poaching, keeper negligence, euthanasia within zoos themselves, and public opinion. The moral issues engrained can help guide keepers of these collections to take better care of the animals for which they are responsible. It also explores specific cases in the past in which living collections have managed serious issues and how they resolved these issues.
Proteomic Characterization Of Eggshell Membranes And Their Effect On Poultry Physiology And Immunity,
2016
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Proteomic Characterization Of Eggshell Membranes And Their Effect On Poultry Physiology And Immunity, Sarbjeet Kaur Makkar
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The use of antibiotics in poultry growth and disease control has led to antibiotics resistant problem in human beings, which is a big concern among consumers. With the necessity for judicious use of antibiotics in poultry production, alternative strategies to improve disease resistance in poultry production are necessary. The research is more inclined towards using the natural products available to grow healthier and antibiotic free meat animals. In the context of exploring natural and sustainable resource of alternative to antibiotics, the biochemical milieu of eggshell membranes (ESM) were analyzed by using mass spectrometry techniques including matrix assisted laser desorption ionization …
Evaluation And Selection Of A Bacillus Based Direct-Fed Microbial Candidate For In Situ Enzyme Production To Improve Gut Health Integrity, Bone Quality And Growth Performance In Poultry,
2016
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Evaluation And Selection Of A Bacillus Based Direct-Fed Microbial Candidate For In Situ Enzyme Production To Improve Gut Health Integrity, Bone Quality And Growth Performance In Poultry, Juan David Latorre Cardenas
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
During the last decade, the increasing interest in renewable energy sources has been changing the distribution of corn utilization from human and animal consumption to biofuel production, leading to a continuous rise in feed costs of livestock diets. Therefore, alternative feed ingredients such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), as well as cereals like wheat, barley, and sorghum have become part of the feed matrix to maintain or reduce production costs. However, these raw materials often contain a higher concentration of antinutritional factors in comparison to corn, including non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) which increase digesta viscosity and reduce nutrient absorption …
Annotated Bibliography: Interactions With Animals (2014-2015),
2016
Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy
Annotated Bibliography: Interactions With Animals (2014-2015), Erich Yahner
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
No abstract provided.
Why Do Animal Tragedies Go Viral?,
2016
Animal Studies Repository
Why Do Animal Tragedies Go Viral?, Harold Herzog
'Animals and Us' Blog Posts
Cecil's death could have a lasting impact on attitudes toward wildlife.
Parental Influences On The Behavior Of A Juvenile Bornean Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus),
2016
St. John Fisher University
Parental Influences On The Behavior Of A Juvenile Bornean Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus), Raechel Mcumber, Sarah Robarts, Gregory B. Cunningham
The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research
Here we discuss the influence of the mother and father on the behaviors of a juvenile Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). This species is known for being solitary and asocial, in that males and females do not live together, while living in their natural environment. However, adults are usually housed together in zoo settings. We observed a juvenile and both of her parents in their zoo enclosure and recorded the play and parentally influenced behaviors, such as swinging and eating, performed by the juvenile. It was found that the juvenile played and performed parentally influenced behaviors significantly more while in …
Annotated Bibliography: Cruelty To Animals And Violence To Humans (2014-2015),
2016
Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy
Annotated Bibliography: Cruelty To Animals And Violence To Humans (2014-2015), Erich Yahner
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
No abstract provided.
Annotated Bibliography: Attitudes Toward Wildlife And The Environment (2014-2015),
2016
Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy
Annotated Bibliography: Attitudes Toward Wildlife And The Environment (2014-2015), Erich Yahner
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
No abstract provided.
Annotated Bibliography: Attitudes Toward Animal Research (2014-2015),
2016
Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy
Annotated Bibliography: Attitudes Toward Animal Research (2014-2015), Erich Yahner
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
No abstract provided.
Annotated Bibliography: Attitudes Toward Animals (2014-2015),
2016
Humane Society Institute for Science and Policy
Annotated Bibliography: Attitudes Toward Animals (2014-2015), Erich Yahner
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
No abstract provided.
