Physiology Commons^™

Physical Characteristics, Movement Pattern And Heart Rate Response Of Indian Cricketers During Batting In Twenty20 (T20) Matches, Subhashis Biswas, Rupayan Bhattacharya, Arnab Das

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 1413-1425, 2023. The study aims to provide a morphological profile of Indian cricketers and find physiological demands and positional differences of the batsmen in T20 matches according to their batting order. Eighty-three male cricketers (age: 17.93 ± 2.23 years) participated in this study and categorized into upper-order (n = 36), middle-order (n = 35) and lower-order (n = 12) batsmen. Height, weight, body fat%, and somatotype were measured. Movement analysis and heart rate (HR) responses were recorded during batting in T20 matches using PolarV800 smart-watch and H7 HR sensor. Descriptive statistics, …

Comparison Of Muscle Activity During A Ring Muscle Up And A Bar Muscle Up, Cody W. Walker, Adam J. Bruenger, W. Steven Tucker, Hyung Rock Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 1451-1460, 2023. The muscle up (MU) is a variation of a common gymnastics movement that combines a pull up and a dip. It can be performed on a bar (BMU) or a set of rings (RMU). The difference in upper extremity muscle recruitment (MR) between BMU and RMU has not been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the MR of select muscles during BMU and RMU. Ten active males (27.6 ± 7.9 years) performed 5 repetitions of BMU and RMU in randomized order. Muscle recruitment of the upper (UT) and …

Effect Of Metabolic Rate On Mitochondrial Efficiency During Exercise In Human Skeletal Muscle In Vivo, Muhammet Enes Erol

Masters Theses

Introduction: Recent evidence in isolated mitochondria and permeabilized muscle fibers in ex vivo using simultaneous measurements of O₂ consumption and ATP production suggest that mitochondrial efficiency provides an additional mechanism to fine-tune oxidative phosphorylation rate to ATP demand in skeletal muscle. However, in the absence of a direct measurement of both VO₂ and ATP synthesis from the same region of the contracting muscle, whether this mechanism plays a role in the skeletal muscle in vivo is still unknown. Purpose: Using a noninvasive approach combining phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P/¹H-MRS), the …

Assessing The Validity Of Several Heart Rate Monitors In Wearable Technology While Mountain Biking, Bryson Carrier, Robert W. Salatto, Dustin W. Davis, Jacquelyn Sertic, Brenna Barrios, Graham R. Mcginnis, Tedd Girouard, Benjamin E. Burroughs, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(7): 1440-1450, 2023. Purpose: This study sought to assess the validity of several heart rate (HR) monitors in wearable technology during mountain biking (MTB), compared to the Polar H7® HR monitor, used as the criterion device. Methods: A total of 20 participants completed two MTB trials while wearing six HR monitors (5 test devices, 1 criterion). HR was recorded on a second-by-second basis for all devices analyzed. After data processing, validity measures were calculated, including 1. error analysis: mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean error (ME), and 2. Correlation analysis: …

The Effect Of Topical Cannabidiol On The Progression Rate Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Anastasia Alpy, George Yusuff, Michele Aquino, John Petrizzo, Robert M. Otto, John Wygand, Troy Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(3): 1426-1439, 2023. This study investigated the efficacy of topical cannabidiol (CBD) ointment in reducing localized inflammation, minimizing performance detriments, and attenuating soreness associated with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In a double blind randomized control trial, upper-arm circumferences, maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) for elbow flexion at 90° and 30° for college-aged participants (n = 21, age 20.8 ± 1.9 years) were assessed at baseline. Participants then performed a DOMS-inducing protocol for the biceps brachii. Topical CBD ointment and placebo (P) ointment were randomly assigned and applied 30 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 …

Prediction Of Maximum Lactate Concentration During An All-Out Anaerobic Test In Elite Ice Hockey Players, Maxime Allisse, Hung Tien Bui, Patrick Desjardins, Philippe Roy, Alain Steve Comtois, Mario Leone

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4) 1385-1397, 2023. The lack of specific on-ice tests to predict maximum lactate concentration limits the ability of coaches to better track and develop their ice hockey players. Thus, this study aimed to develop an equation for indirectly assessing the maximum lactate concentration produced from an all-out on-ice skating effort in elite adolescent ice hockey players. Twenty elite male ice hockey players participated in this study (age = 15.7 ± 1.0 year). The lactate anaerobic skating test (LAST) consisted of skating back and forth on an 18.2 m course at maximal speed with abrupt stops …

The Effects Of Pre-Exercise Ice-Slurry Ingestion On Thermoregulation And Exercise Performance Of Highly Trained Athletes: A Scoping Review, Gopathi Pranita Ms., Keren Susan Cherian Keren.Cherian@Gmail.Com, Kommi Kalpana Dr

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 1398-1412, 2023. Ice-slurry prepared from plain ice, crushed ice, or sports drink has been used as a cooling strategy before exercise to regulate body temperature and improve exercise performance. However, consensus regarding the benefit is unclear. Therefore, the present review aimed to study the effects of pre-exercise ice-slurry ingestion on thermoregulation and exercise performance of highly trained athletes. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist was used. The data extraction was done using the search engine Google Scholar, and digital repositories such as Cochrane, Scopus, Medline, …

Enteroendocrine Cell Regulation Of The Gut-Brain Axis, Joshua Barton, Annie Londregan, Tyler Alexander, Ariana Entezari, Manuel Covarrubias, Scott Waldman

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are an essential interface between the gut and brain that communicate signals about nutrients, pain, and even information from our microbiome. EECs are hormone-producing cells expressed throughout the gastrointestinal epithelium and have been leveraged by pharmaceuticals like semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), terzepatide (Mounjaro), and retatrutide (Phase 2) for diabetes and weight control, and linaclotide (Linzess) to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and visceral pain. This review focuses on role of intestinal EECs to communicate signals from the gut lumen to the brain. Canonically, EECs communicate information about the intestinal environment through a variety of hormones, dividing EECs into …

The Acute Impacts Of Resistance Training Performed With And Without Blood Flow Restriction On Lower Body Muscular Power, Justin Faller, Brian Thompson, Stephen Ives

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 1320-1333, 2023. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends resistance training using at least 70% one repetition maximum to improve muscular strength and hypertrophy; however, these intensities may not be safe for all populations. A training technique that has been reported to elicit increases in strength and muscle size uses low intensity resistance training or low load training in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR) to the working muscle. Although the acute effects of BFR on muscle strength and size are well established, the effects of BFR on muscular power are not definitively known. …

Quercetin In Sports And Exercise: A Review, Jennifer Kurtz, Trisha Vandusseldorp, Jeff Otis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 1334-1384, 2023. This paper systematically reviews the latest evidence regarding Quercetin’s (Q) effect following exercise performance, aerobic and anaerobic exercise, muscle-damaging bouts and highlights blood biomarkers associated with muscle damage and recovery. Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MedLine (PubMed) searches were conducted through July- December 2021. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated Q as a single ingredient or in combination with other ingredients at dosages of 500 mg - 3000 mg, ranging from 15 min-to-1 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days - 8 weeks) of consumption were included. A total of …

A Comparison Of Morphological, Jump, And Sprint Kinematic Asymmetries In Division I Track And Field Athletes, Matthew P. Gonzalez, Samuel Montalvo, Martin Dietze-Hermosa, Manuel Gomez, Sandor Dorgo

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 1306-1319, 2023. Inter-limb asymmetries are the difference in performance in one limb with respect to the other. Running events in track and field are considered symmetrical while jumping and throwing events are considered asymmetrical. It is unknown if competing in these different events result in differences in inter-limb asymmetries, thus, this study compared the magnitude of jump, sprint, and morphological asymmetries in track and field athletes who compete in symmetrical and asymmetrical events. Forty-six Division I track and field athletes performed a series of vertical jumps (VJ) and broad jumps (BJ) with force platforms …

A Framework For Biomechanical Analysis Of Jump Landings For Injury Risk Assessment, Srishti Sharma, Srikrishnan Divakaran, Kaya Tolga, Christopher B. Taber, Mehul S. Raval

School of Computer Science & Engineering Faculty Publications

Competitive sports require rapid and intense movements, such as jump landings, making athletes susceptible to injuries due to altered neuromuscular control and joint mechanics. Biomechanical features during landings are associated with injury risk, emphasizing proper movement and postural stability. Computer vision techniques offer a time-efficient, noninvasive, and unbiased method to assess jump-landings and identify injury risks. This study proposes a video analysis framework to evaluate jump landing biomechanics in athletes todetermineirregularmovementsandincorrectpostures.It providesadviceandrecommendationstocoachesforinjury predictionandtrainingimprovements.Theproposedframework istestedusingcountermovementjumpvideosof17NCAA DivisionIfemalebasketballathletes.Theresultsindicateda lowMeanAbsoluteError(0.97),highcorrelation(0.89),high averageaccuracy(98.31%)andF1score(0.98),signifyingthe framework’sreliabilityinidentifyinginjuryrisk.

A Comparison Of Anaerobic Power Tests Using Cycle Ergometry And Non-Motorized Treadmill Ergometry At Optimized Loads, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Rasmus Rooks, John R. Mclester, Emily Bechke, Cassie M. Williamson-Reisdorph, Brian Kliszczewicz

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 1293-1305, 2023. The purpose of this study was to compare performance markers derived from a 30-second maximal bout on a cycle ergometer (CE) and non-motorized treadmill (NMT) under optimized loads. Recreationally active participants (n = 40) volunteered for the study. Force-velocity tests on the CE and NMT were used to determine optimal resistance for peak power (PP) production. The remaining visits were randomized and counterbalanced, with a single 30-second maximal test on CE or NMT to assess PP, mean power (MP), fatigue index (FI), over the course of the 30-second test, and maximum heart …

A Vo2max Protocol For Young, Apparently Healthy Adults, Griffin Green, Whitley J. Stone, Danilo Tolusso, Mark A. Schafer, Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 1257-1268, 2023. The Bruce and Astrand treadmill protocols are commonly utilized when assessing maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max). However, the steep grade implemented in the protocols often leads to localized muscular fatigue, potentially causing participants prematurely to terminate the test prior to reaching their true VO_2max. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Novel VO_2max protocol that may be better suited for young, apparently healthy populations. The Novel protocol starts at a higher speed and lower initial grade to limit lower extremity fatigue. Fifteen participants performed the Bruce, …

An Analysis Of Confidence Levels In Athletic Training Students During The Coronavirus Pandemic, Celeste De La Cruz, Portia B. Resnick, Karen G. Roos, Mikiko Nakajima

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(3): 1284-1292, 2023. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created a challenge to athletic training students, with many classes converted to online education, and many clinical experiences interrupted. These changes may have negatively affected the confidence level of athletic training students in their athletic training skills. Purpose: To determine if athletic training students’ educational experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted their confidence levels in completing athletic training skills. Procedures: A cross-sectional design using an online survey of 56 athletic training students from 33 CAATE accredited athletic training programs was used. The survey consisted of questions about …

Effects Of An Isotonic Medinilla Speciosa During And After Exercise, Nur Azis Rohmansyah, Fafa Nurdyansyah, Ashira Hiruntrakul, Mancharee Phumphitarkpanya

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 1269-1283, 2023. Maintaining an adequate fluid balance is crucial during extended physical activity. It is currently unknown how drinking an isotonic medinilla speciosa beverage affects the autonomic regulation of heart function during and after exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine how drinking isotonic beverages affects heart rate variability (HRV) during and after intense exercise. A maximal exercise test to assess protocol loading, a control group, and an experimental group were all carried out by twenty-one young man (19.3 ± 1.2 years) over the course of three distinct protocols, with a 48-hour …

Igf-1 Reduce Protein O-Glcnacylation Via Ampk Activation In H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cultured In High Glucose Media, Andres Medina, Lizbeth Trevino, Alejandra Salinas, Yadira Chaires, Erick Rodriguez, Genaro Antonio Ramirez-Correa

Research Colloquium

Background: Diabetes is a disease characterized by the increase in the serum glucose concentration. Therefore, this glucose excess shunts into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway producing UDP-GlcNAc, which can be transfer to serine residues and modify the activity of different proteins, including contractile proteins in cardiomyocytes, decreasing their function. Here we show the effect of IGF-1 treatment on this posttranslational modification.

Methods: H9c2 cell line were cultured in DMEM media, 10% FBS, at 80% of confluence. Cells were incubated in high-glucose (30 mM) in the presence or absence of 10 µmol/L of IGF-1 (HG and HG+IGF-1). As control groups, we used …

Global Impact Of Proteoglycan Science On Human Diseases, Christopher Xie, Liliana Schaefer, Renato V. Iozzo

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

In this comprehensive review, we will dissect the impact of research on proteoglycans focusing on recent developments involved in their synthesis, degradation, and interactions, while critically assessing their usefulness in various biological processes. The emerging roles of proteoglycans in global infections, specifically the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and their rising functions in regenerative medicine and biomaterial science have significantly affected our current view of proteoglycans and related compounds. The roles of proteoglycans in cancer biology and their potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer is also emerging as a constructive and potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy. We will discuss …

The Effects Of Accessory Blood Flow Restriction Training On Muscle Size And Strength In Division Iii Soccer Athletes: A Preliminary Ecological Study, Kaitlyn Judd, Christian Morales, Megan White, Kate Wilkie, Justin Faller, Stephen Ives

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 1244-1256, 2023. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) uses occlusion during low-intensity resistance training (< 50% of 1-repetition maximum, 1RM) to reduce arterial blood flow and venous return, imposing greater metabolic stress but similar muscular hypertrophy and strength gains as high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). However, no study, to date, has incorporated BFRT in a collegiate strength and conditioning setting to assess ecological validity. We aimed to investigate the effects of adding 6-weeks of accessory BFRT or HIRT to NCAA Division III soccer players prescribed resistance training regimen on muscle strength and size. Male and female (n = 17) athletes were randomly assigned to complete biceps curls 2x/week under BFRT or control (HIRT), following regularly scheduled strength training. Bicep strength (1RM) and circumference (BC) were assessed at weeks 0, 3, and 6 (men only). In men, for BC no significant interaction of condition x time was observed (p = 0.861), though condition (BFRT vs Control, p = 0.025) and time (p = 0.024) were significant. For 1RM, there was no significant interaction of condition …

Sex Differences And Physical Activity Status On The Hamstring: Quadriceps Ratio, Activities Of Daily Living, And Functional Movement In Older Adults, Brittany N. Followay, Haley A. Reierson, Emily M. Rigden

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 1228-1243, 2023. The study aimed to investigate sex differences and the effect of physical activity on the hamstring:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio, activities of daily living (ADLs), and the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) in older adults. Thirty older adults (72.56 + 6.22) completed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), ADLs, the FMS, and three closed-kinetic chain exercises (CKCs); front lunge (FL), side lunge (SL), and bilateral squat (BLSQ). Electromyography was recorded from the biceps femoris (BF) and vastus lateralis (VL) on the dominant and non-dominant limbs during the MVICs …