Physics Commons^™

Thermal Conductivity Of New Nanocomposite Superionic Semiconductors K0.01cu1.96s, K0.02cu1.95s, K0.03cu1.94s, K0.04cu1.93s, K0.05cu1.94s, M. M. Kubenova, M. Kh. Balapanov, R. Kh. Ishembetov, K. A. Kuterbekov, R. F. Almukhametov, K. Zh. Bekmyrza, A. M. Kabyshev, R. Sh. Palymbetov, L. U. Taimuratova

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

In this work, we investigated the effect of nanostructuring on the thermoelectric and thermal properties of nonstoichiometric solid splavs doped with copper sulfides with potassium. The synthesized alloys K_0.01Cu_1.96S, K_0.02Cu_1.95S, K_0.03Cu_1.94S, K_0.04Cu_1.93S, K_0.05Cu_1.94S are nanocomposite. The crystallite sizes of the synthesized powder, as estimated from the half-width of X-ray diffraction lines, range from 7 to 180 nm. Sample K_0.01Cu_1.96S is a mixture of phases consisting of chalcocite Cu₂S (82%), jarleite Cu_1.96S (12%), …

Deformation-Stimulated Luminescence Of A Kbr Crystal Matrix, K. Shunkeyev, A. Tilep, Sh. Sagimbayeva, Zh. Ubaev

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials

Radiative relaxations of electronic excitations - self-trapped excitons (STE) in regular lattice sites (intrinsic luminescence) and exciton-like formations (ELF) in the field of homologous cations (exciton-like luminescence). It has been found that the maximum effect of luminescence enhancement occurs upon uniaxial deformation along the <110> crystallographic direction (compared to <100>), which coincides with the direction of the self-trapped anion exciton (<110>) in the KBr crystal matrix. The exciton mechanism was estimated from the increase in the intensity of the intrinsic s(4, 42eV) - and p(2, 3eV) - luminescences of STE, and the enhancement of luminescence intensity of near-single Na^{+ …}

Superoscillations And Fock Spaces, Daniel Alpay, Fabrizio Colombo, Kamal Diki, Irene Sabadini, Daniele C. Struppa

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In this paper we use techniques in Fock spaces theory and compute how the Segal-Bargmann transform acts on special wave functions obtained by multiplying superoscillating sequences with normalized Hermite functions. It turns out that these special wave functions can be constructed also by computing the approximating sequence of the normalized Hermite functions. First, we start by treating the case when a superoscillating sequence is multiplied by the Gaussian function. Then, we extend these calculations to the case of normalized Hermite functions leading to interesting relations with Weyl operators. In particular, we show that the Segal-Bargmann transform maps superoscillating sequences onto …

Eggshell-Alginate Composites (Eacs) As Eco-Friendly Adsorbents For Rhodamine B Uptake From Aqueous Solutions, Rusnadi Rusnadi, Mar’Atus Sholihah, Nurrahmi Handayani, Muhammad Ali Zulfikar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The contamination of wastewater by Rhodamine B (RhB) poses a significant environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aesthetics, ecosystems, and human well-being. This study successfully synthesized eco-friendly egg-shell-alginate composites (EACs) as adsorbents by combining alginate solution, eggshell powder, and a 2% CaCl2 solu-tion. Characterization techniques including FTIR, SEM, TGA, and SAA were employed to analyze the EACs. FTIR analysis revealed characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to -OH groups, C=O groups, C-O groups, and the pres-ence of CO32-. The structural analysis confirmed the physical mixture of functional groups from eggshells and alginate, resulting in a homogeneous EACs mixture. TGA analysis …

Synthesizing Of Alginate Coated-Silver Nanoparticles Core-Shell For Detecting Of S-Naproxen Enantiomer In Pharmaceutical Formulation, Abdolrasol Barazandeh, Ghasem Najafpour-Darz, Afshar Alihossein, Sohrab Kazemi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Core-shell nanoparticles were used in a unique direct UV-Vis spectrophotometric technique to detect the S-naproxen enantiomer. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) covered with sodium alginate (Alg) shell, a naturally occurring biopolymer, made the core of the nanostructure. To name a few, TEM, FESEM, UV-Visible, DLS, ZP, AFM, XRD, EDX and FT-IR are among the analytical methods used to analyze the creation of the core-shell structure. Based on obtained results, spherical Ag@ Alg NPs with an average size of 27.4 nm (DTEM), hydrolytic size of 46 nm (DDLS) and surface charge of -60.9 mV were successfully synthesized. The effect of various reaction …

Improving The Structural And Physical Yield Of Aluminum By Repeated Additions Of Iron Carbide, Fayrooz K. Albasri

Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

Aluminum suffers from low hardness and some ductility when thermal sintering which requires reinforcement with carbide or ceramic materials as Iron FeC with volumetric properties (2,4,6,8,10 )%. For purpose of the pressing process after mixing the two powder together, a scanning electron microscope examination performed for the prepared samples and found that there is a surface and structural consistency between aluminum and iron carbide and the best homogeneity is at10 % of carbide. Also some physical tests conducted for prepared samples and the results of the real density showed that the addition of iron carbide increases the density gradually and …

Measurement Of The Dependence Of The Hadron Production Fraction Ratios F S/F U And F D/F U On B Meson Kinematic Variables In Proton-Proton Collisions At √S=13 Tev, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The dependence of the ratio between the B⁰_s and B⁺ hadron production fractions, f_s/f_u, on the transverse momentum (p_T) and rapidity of the B mesons is studied using the decay channels B⁰_s → J/ψϕ and B⁺ → J/ψK⁺. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2018 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 61.6 fb⁻¹. The f_s/f_u ratio is observed to depend on the B …

Mass-Selected Ion–Molecule Cluster Beam Apparatus For Ultrafast Photofragmentation Studies, Xiaojun Wang, Mahmudul Hasan, Lin Fan, Yibo Wang, Hui Li, Daniel S. Slaughter, Martin Centurion

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We describe an apparatus for investigating the excited-state dissociation dynamics of mass-selected ion–molecule clusters by mass-resolving and detecting photofragment-ions and neutrals, in coincidence, using an ultrafast laser operating at high repetition rates. The apparatus comprises a source that generates ion–molecule clusters, a time-of-flight spectrometer, and a mass filter that selects the desired anions, and a linear-plus-quadratic reflectron mass spectrometer that discriminates the fragment anions after the femtosecond laser excites the clusters. The fragment neutrals and anions are then captured by two channeltron detectors. The apparatus performance is tested by measuring the photofragments: I⁻, CF₃I⁻, …

Precision E- Beam Polarimetry At An E-E+ B Factory Using Tau-Pair Events, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V, Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu. G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, R. Cheaib, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We present a new technique, “tau polarimetry,” for measuring the longitudinal beam polarization present in an e⁺e⁻ collider through the analysis of e⁺e⁻ → τ⁺τ⁻ events. By exploiting the sensitivity of τ decay kinematics to the longitudinal polarization of the beams, we demonstrate that the longitudinal polarization can be measured with a 3 per mil systematic uncertainty at the interaction point using a technique that is independent of spin and beam transport modeling. Using 424.2 ± 1.8 fb⁻¹ of BABAR data at √ s = 10.58 GeV, the average longitudinal …

Measurement Of The Top Quark Mass Using A Profile Likelihood Approach With The Lepton + Jets Final States In Proton–Proton Collisions At √ S = 13tev, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The mass of the top quark is measured in 36.3 fb⁻¹ of LHC proton–proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at √ s = 13 TeV. The measurement uses a sample of top quark pair candidate events containing one isolated electron or muon and at least four jets in the final state. For each event, the mass is reconstructed from a kinematic fit of the decay products to a top quark pair hypothesis. A profile likelihood method is applied using up to four observables per event to extract the top quark mass. The top quark mass is measured …

Measurement Of The Top Quark Mass Using A Profile Likelihood Approach With The Lepton + Jets Final States In Proton–Proton Collisions At √S = 13tev, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The mass of the top quark is measured in 36.3 fb⁻¹ of LHC proton–proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at √ s = 13 TeV. The measurement uses a sample of top quark pair candidate events containing one isolated electron or muon and at least four jets in the final state. For each event, the mass is reconstructed from a kinematic fit of the decay products to a top quark pair hypothesis. A profile likelihood method is applied using up to four observables per event to extract the top quark mass. The top quark mass is measured …

Trumpet Directivity From A Rotating Semicircular Array, Samuel D. Bellows, Joseph E. Avila, Timothy W. Leishman

Directivity

The directivity function of a played musical instrument describes the angular dependence of its acoustic radiation and diffraction about the instrument, musician, and musician’s chair. Directivity influences sound in rehearsal, performance, and recording environments and signals in audio systems. Because high-resolution, spherically comprehensive measurements of played musical instruments have been unavailable in the past, the authors have undertaken research to produce and share such data for studies of musical instruments, simulations of acoustical environments, optimizations of microphone placements, and other applications. The authors acquired the data from repeated chromatic scales produced by a trumpet played at mezzo-forte in an anechoic …

Microplastics In Water, Their Effects On The Aquatic Ecosystem And Human Public Health, And The Proposed Solutions, Mohanad Abouserie

The Undergraduate Research Journal

We could be swallowing a credit card's weight in plastic every week. Microplastic water pollution is becoming a threat to both humans and aquatic creatures. In this research, microplastic water contamination is discussed, and divergent solutions are proposed. This paper attempts to investigate the causes and effects of such pollution and analyze the current solutions for this issue. The adopted research method is secondary research, where several studies are explored and analyzed. This study explains numerous causes for this issue like cosmetics, cleaning products, factories, and sewage. Consequently, this contamination can negatively impact the organs and metabolisms of the living …

Energy Extraction From Black Holes By Cosmic Strings, Michael Ramsey

Discovery Day

Cosmic strings, speculative one-dimensional objects, are thought to result from spontaneous, electroweak symmetry-breaking phase transitions in the early universe. If cosmic strings exist, they could extract energy from spinning black holes via the Penrose process. Although theoretically motivated, cosmic strings have not yet been observed. We propose an indirect method of observing a cosmic string by investigating a pulsar-black hole binary system, using high precision observations of pulsars. We then aim to place bounds on cosmic string abundance and tension.

The Role Of Leading-Edge Serrations In Controlling The Flow Over Owls’ Wing, Tanner Saussaman, Asif Nafi, David Charland, Hadar Ben-Gida, Roi Gurka

Physics and Engineering Science

We studied the effects of leading-edge serrations on the flow dynamics developed over an owl wing model. Owls are predatory birds. Most owl species are nocturnal, with some active during the day. The nocturnal ones feature stealth capabilities that are partially attributed to their wing microfeatures. One of these microfeatures is small rigid combs (i.e. serrations) aligned at an angle with respect to the incoming flow located at the wings' leading-edge region of the primaries. These serrations are essentially passive flow control devices that enhance some of the owls' flight characteristics, such as aeroacoustics and, potentially, aerodynamics. We performed a …

Large Anomalous Hall, Nernst Effect And Topological Phases In The 3d-4d/5d Based Oxide Double Perovskites, Kartik Samanta, Jonathan Noky, Iñigo Robredo, Juergen Kuebler, Maia G. Vergniory, Claudia Felser

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Magnetism and spin-orbit coupling are two fundamental and interconnected properties of oxide materials, that can give rise to various topological transport phenomena, including anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst effects. These transport responses can be significantly enhanced by designing an electronic structure with a large Berry curvature. In this context, rocksalt-ordered double perovskites (DP), denoted as A₂BB’O₆, with two distinct transition metal sites are very powerful platforms for exploration and research. In this work, we present a comprehensive study based on the intrinsic anomalous transport in cubic and tetragonal stable DP compounds with 3d-4d/5d elements. Our findings …

Luminous Radio Emission From The Superluminous Supernova 2017ens At 3.3 Yr After Explosion, Raffaella Margutti, J. S. Bright, D. J. Matthews, D. L. Coppejans, K. D. Alexander, E. Berger, M. Bietenholz, R. Chornock, L. Demarchi, M. R. Drout, T. Eftekhari, W. V. Jacobson-Galán, T. Laskar, D. Milisavljevic, K. Murase, M. Nicholl, C. M. B. Omand, M. Stroh, G. Terreran, B. A. Vanderley

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present the results from a multiyear radio campaign of the superluminous supernova (SLSN) SN 2017ens, which yielded the earliest radio detection of an SLSN to date at the age of ∼3.3 yr after explosion. SN 2017ens was not detected at radio frequencies in the first ∼300 days but reached L_ν ≈ 10²⁸ erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² Hz⁻¹ at ν ∼ 6 GHz, ∼1250 days post explosion. Interpreting the radio observations in the context of synchrotron radiation from the supernova shock interaction with the circumstellar medium (CSM), we infer an effective mass-loss rate Ṁ ≈ 10 …

Multiple Structural And Functional Annotations Based In-Silico Characterization Of Q9brx8 Protein, Eiman Zahid, Muhammad Farhan Sarwar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Numerous proteins found in humans are poorly understood because there is a dearth of experimental evidence. Hypothetical proteins (HPs) or uncharacterized proteins are the terms used to describe these proteins. In this work, one of these proteins, Q9BRX8, is investigated using in-silico or bioinformatics tools to reveal its significant properties. In this regard, NCBI for the sequence retrieval, ProtParam tool for analysis of physiochemical properties, SOPMA for secondary structure prediction, SWISS-Model for homology modelling, STRING for protein-protein interaction and HDOCK for protein-protein docking analysis among other tools, were incorporated. The physiochemical characteristics indicated that Q9BRX8, which has an instability score …

Electron As A Structure Made Of Basic Elementary Particles: Spinning Speed And Radius, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

We have calculated the orbital speed, the radius of an orbit of the revolving basic particles, and the angular speed of an electron in three models of an electron as a spinning composite particle. The three models suggested in our previous work [1] are the centered square structure, the rhombus structure, and the tetrahedral structure. The calculated speed of revolving basic particles, for all three models of an electron, does not exceed c, the maximum possible speed in nature: for the centered square model, in the rhombus model, and in the tetrahedral model. The results show that the spin of …

Near-Threshold Collisional Dynamics In The E−E+P System, H. B. Ambalampitiya, J. Stallbaumer, Ilya I. Fabrikant, I. Kalinkin, D. V. Fursa, A. S. Kadyrov, I. Bray

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We study e⁺-H(n) and Ps(n)-p collisions near the three-body breakup threshold and thresholds for the charge-transfer processes.We show that classical trajectoryMonte Carlo (CTMC) simulations for the three-body breakup agree reasonably well in this energy region with quantum-mechanical convergent close-coupling (CCC) calculations even if the initial hydrogen atom or positronium atom is in the ground state. The threshold behavior of the three-body breakup cross section in e⁺-H(1s) and Ps(1s)-p collisions agrees with the Wannier law with Klar’s exponent and obeys the classical scaling laws, although some deviation …

Hawc Study Of The Very-High-Energy Γ-Ray Spectrum Of Hawc J1844−034, A. Albert, C. Alvarez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A.Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Groetsch, D. Huang, P. Huntemeyer, R. Turner, X. Wang, Et Al.

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

Recently, the region surrounding eHWC J1842−035 has been studied extensively by γ-ray observatories due to its extended emission reaching up to a few hundred TeV and potential as a hadronic accelerator. In this work, we use 1910 days of cumulative data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a dedicated systematic source search of the eHWC J1842−035 region. During the search, we found three sources in the region, namely, HAWC J1844−034, HAWC J1843−032, and HAWC J1846−025. We have identified HAWC J1844−034 as the extended source that emits photons with energies up to 175 TeV. We compute …

Interplay Of Forces In Impinging Jet Flow And Circular Hydraulic Jump, Abdelkader Baayoun

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The circular liquid jet impingement with subsequent hydraulic jump formation is studied theoretically using boundary-layer and thin-film approaches. Three different scenarios are tackled, namely, an accelerated Newtonian jet impinging on a stationary disk, a steady Newtonian jet impinging on a rotating disk, and a steady viscoelastic liquid jet impinging on a stationary disk. Accordingly, the effects of jet acceleration, gravity, centrifugal forces, and fluid elasticity on the flow behaviour and the jump are examined. The results are validated against numerical simulation and existing measurements. The findings show that the thickness of the boundary layer developing near impingement diminishes with jet …

The Molecular Biophysics Of Extracellular Vimentin And Its Role In Pathogen–Host Interactions, Sepideh Parvanian, Leila S. Coelho-Rato, John E. Eriksson, Alison E. Patteson

Physics - All Scholarship

Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein typically located in the cytoplasm of mesenchymal cells, can also be secreted as an extracellular protein. The organization of extracellular vimentin strongly determines its functions in physiological and pathological conditions, making it a promising target for future therapeutic interventions. The extracellular form of vimentin has been found to play a role in the interaction between host cells and pathogens. In this review, we first discuss the molecular biophysics of extracellular vimentin, including its structure, secretion, and adhesion properties. We then provide a general overview of the role of extracellular vimentin in mediating pathogen-host interactions, with …

Reconstruction Of Decays To Merged Photons Using End-To-End Deep Learning With Domain Continuation In The Cms Detector, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

A novel technique based on machine learning is introduced to reconstruct the decays of highly Lorentz-boosted particles. Using an end-to-end deep learning strategy, the technique bypasses existing rule-based particle reconstruction methods typically used in high energy physics analyses. It uses minimally processed detector data as input and directly outputs particle properties of interest. The new technique is demonstrated for the reconstruction of the invariant mass of particles decaying in the CMS detector. The decay of a hypothetical scalar particle A into two photons, A → γγ, is chosen as a benchmark decay. Lorentz boosts γ_L = 60–600 are …

Search For Exotic Higgs Boson Decays H → Aa → 4Γ With Events Containing Two Merged Diphotons In Proton-Proton Collisions At √S=13 Tev, A. Tumasyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We present the first direct search for exotic Higgs boson decays H → AA, A → γγ in events with two photonlike objects. The hypothetical particle A is a low-mass spin-0 particle decaying promptly to a merged diphoton reconstructed as a single photonlike object. We analyze the data collected by the CMS experiment at √s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb⁻¹. No excess above the estimated background is found. We set upper limits on the branching fraction β(H → AA → 4γ) of (0.9–3.3) × 10⁻³ at 95% confidence level …

Ferromagnetic Resonators Synthesized By Metal-Organic Decomposition Epitaxy, Nhat Nguyen, Bryce Herrington, Kayetan Chorazewicz, Szu-Fan (Paul) Wang, Ruthi Zielinski, John Turner, Paul D. Ashby, Ufuk Kilic, Eva Schubert, Mathias Schubert, Ronald A. Parrott, Allen A. Sweet, Robert Streubel

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Metal-organic decomposition epitaxy is an economical wet-chemical approach suitable to synthesize high-quality low-spin-damping films for resonator and oscillator applications. This work reports the temperature dependence of ferromagnetic resonances and associated structural and magnetic quantities of yttrium iron garnet nanofilms that coincide with single-crystal values. Despite imperfections originating from wet-chemical deposition and spin coating, the quality factor for out-of-plane and in-plane resonances approaches 600 and 1000, respectively, at room temperature and 40 GHz. These values increase with temperature and are 100 times larger than those offered by commercial devices based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor voltage-controlled oscillators at comparable production costs.

Large And Tunable Magnetoresistance In Van Der Waals Ferromagnet/Semiconductor Junctions, Wenkai Zhu, Yingmei Zhu, Tong Zhou, Xianpeng Zhang, Hailong Lin, Qirui Cui, Faguang Yan, Ziao Wang, Yongcheng Deng, Hongxin Yang, Lixia Zhao, Igor Žutić, Kirill D. Belashchenko, Kaiyou Wang

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with conventional bulk ferromagnets separated by a nonmagnetic insulating layer are key building blocks in spintronics for magnetic sensors and memory. A radically different approach of using atomically-thin van der Waals (vdW) materials in MTJs is expected to boost their figure of merit, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), while relaxing the lattice-matching requirements from the epitaxial growth and supporting high-quality integration of dissimilar materials with atomically-sharp interfaces. We report TMR up to 192% at 10 K in all-vdW Fe₃GeTe₂/GaSe/Fe₃GeTe₂ MTJs. Remarkably, instead of the usual insulating spacer, this large TMR …

In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, And Photoprotective Activities Of Aqueous Extract Of The Endemic Plant Hammada Scoparia L. From Algeria, Benine Chaima, Djahra Ali Boutlelis, Laiche Ammar Touhami, Tlili Hajer, Tliba Ali, Ben Arfa Abdelkarim, Najjaa Hanen

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study aimed to analyze the chemical profile and evaluate the biological activities of the aqueous extract of H. Scoparia, an endemic plant found in Southeastern Algeria. The aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical screening, RP-HPLC, and FT-IR analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined using the protein denaturation method, and the photoprotective activity was evaluated using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. The study found the presence of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, tannins, and saponins. This study suggests that H. Scoparia extract has the potential as a natural source of bio-actives …

Using Powder Metallurgy Process To Produce Ceramic-Metal Composites, Ibrahim F. Abed, Salih, Y. Darweesh

Al-Bahir Journal for Engineering and Pure Sciences

Pressing powders and engineering materials is an innovative method for producing samples with a low cost and multiple industrial applications. In the current article, copper metal was added in different volume ratios to a ceramic material, alumina, for the purpose of improving the properties of alumina, by pressing with a hydraulic press. Where the results of the article showed that the percentage of true porosity after sintering is from (26-13)% with a copper content of (5%) to (25%). As for the apparent porosity after sintering, it decreased from (26-9)% at a copper content of (5-25)%, while the water absorption was …

Ferroelectric Hafnia Surface In Action, Xia Hong

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Piezoresponse microscopy and spectroscopy reveal the inextricable role of surface electrochemistry in stabilizing and controlling ferroelectricity in doped hafnia.

Doped hafnia (HfO₂), a relatively new member of the ferroelectric family, has challenged in many ways our conventional perception of ferroelectric oxides. It possesses extremely localized electric dipoles that are independently switchable,¹ making it immune to finite size effects — the loss of long-range dipole order in ferroic materials due to size scaling. While polycrystalline grains and microstructures can yield lower polarization and poorer cycling behavior in canonical ferroelectrics such as Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ and BaTiO₃, in …