Physics Commons^™

Machine Learning-Based Regression For Magnetic Field Prediction From Odmr Spectral Data, Jesse B. Hernandez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond enables sensitive, room-temperature magnetic field sensing, but real ODMR spectra are often noisy and difficult to analyze with traditional peak-fitting methods. This thesis investigates whether machine learning can reliably predict magnetic field strength directly from ODMR spectra, and compares four model families under a single regression task: a random forest, an artificial neural network (ANN), a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), and a Transformer.

Training data were generated from an NV-ensemble simulation calibrated to real measurements provided by the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), spanning 0 …

Structural And Electrochemical Characterization Of Na2co3/ Γ- Al2o3 Electrodes For Supercapacitor, Wiwin Dwiana, Jeniva Dinta Nanda Fahreza, Anissa Chairani Alfin Nadhira, Fatimatuz Zahra, Erma Surya Yuliana, Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz, Nandang Mufti

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

The development of electrode materials with suitable structural and surface properties is crucial for improving electrochemical energy storage systems. Gamma alumina (𝛾-Al₂O₃) has attracted considerable interest in electrochemical research due to its unique structural and surface properties. However, its charge-storage capacity is still limited, highlighting the need for structural and compositional modifications to improve its electrochemical performance. In this study, Na₂CO₃ was introduced into 𝛾-Al₂O₃ as a sodium precursor to induce phase modification and enhance the electrochemical activity. The systematic incorporation of Na₂CO₃ also provides an opportunity …

Salvia Rosmarinus L.-Mediated Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization And In Vitro Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Activity And Cytotoxicity, Raghad Ahmed Alhawi, Hawazin Ahmed Abid

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study describes the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous Salvia rosmarinus L. (SRL) extract (Family: Lamiaceae) as a natural source of reducing and capping agents through an easy and green method assisted by blue diode laser irradiation (450 nm, 5 W, 5 min). The formation of rosemary-mediated AgNPs was verified by observing a color change in the solution and the presence of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 454 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum. XRD and FESEM revealed crystalline silver-containing nanostructures with an average estimated crystallite size of 15.53 ± 3.54 nm and particles with an …

T-Cinnamaldehyde-Driven Fe2o3 Nps: Activity Against Resistant Salmonella, Gallbladder Cancer, And Molecular Docking Focused On Bacterial Targets, Arshad Mahdi Hamad, Sarab Dalaf Khalaf, Suha Maher Abed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Iron oxide nanoparticles (t-CA-Fe₂O₃ NPs) were synthesized in this study using a green preparation method with trans-cinnamaldehyde (t-CA) as a reducing agent. After observing the first sign of successful preparation, namely the color change, the properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. All characterization results were satisfactory, indicating the success of the preparation process and the purity of the prepared nanoparticles (NPs). The molecular docking process of several proteins important in antibiotic resistance and virulence …

Exploring The Dynamics Of Tilted, Truncated Accretion Disks, José L. Montés, Chris Fragile, Deepika Bollimpalli, Matthew Liska

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

Tilted accretion disks are theoretically not uncommon in stellar mass black hole systems. The dynamics of tilted disks display interesting physical behaviors that could explain certain observational phenomena such as quasi-periodic oscillations. We present results of recent numerical simulations of tilted, truncated accretion disks around rotating black holes. Our simulations model systems composed of a thick inner torus surrounded by a thin outer disk and were run with the goal of investigating the behaviors of the torus because of the exchange of angular momentum between it and the outer disk. Multiple simulations produced surprising results, such as the potential tearing …

Pentagonal Pdte2 Monolayer For Sustainable Solar-Driven Hydrogen Production, Narender Kumar, Shambhu Bhandari, Dario Alfè, Ravindra Pandey, Nacir Tit

Michigan Tech Publications

This investigation demonstrates that the pentagonal PdTe2 (penta-PdTe2) monolayer is a highly tunable two-dimensional (2D) photocatalyst, characterized by the bandgap of 1.87 eV and high hole mobility. Using density functional theory calculations with the HSE06 functional, we show that tensile strain engineering (particularly at +2% and +3%) is essential for enabling spontaneous water splitting. At these strain values, the valence-band maximum and conduction-band maximum straddle the water redox potentials (H+/H2 and O2/H2O) under both acidic (pH = 0) and neutral (pH = 7) conditions. The monolayer's low hole effective mass facilitates rapid charge extraction, mitigating recombination and driving the oxygen …

Autofield-Poa: A Hybrid Automl–Metaheuristic Framework For Automated Feature Selection In Recommender Systems, Mohammed Dheyaaldeen Taha, Waleed Kareem Ahmed, Rana Saad Mohammed, Zied O. Ahmed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The problem of automated feature selection is one of the most important aspects of modern recommender systems, as overestimating the number of feature fields used, which can increase model complexity, inference latency, and performance degradation due to redundancy and noise. Although differentiable Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) based feature selection methods, including AutoField, are effective, they remain susceptible to initialization and local optima. Conversely, population-based metaheuristic algorithms are effective at global exploration, but are often inefficient in high-dimensional discrete spaces when randomly initialized. This paper presents AutoField-POA, a hybrid AutoML-metaheuristic framework that combines a differentiable controller with the Pelican Optimization Algorithm …

A Yolov8x Framework For Breast Lesion Localization Using Real-World Mammographic Images, Hadeel Abdul Majeed Ghazi, Yarub Alazzawi, Hussein Hasan Nsaif

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide, and early and accurate mammographic assessment is important for timely diagnosis and improved patient survival. However, accurate breast lesion detection requires overcoming the issues of low lesion contrast, dense breast tissue, image noise, and variation in mammographic acquisition. In this study, we present a YOLOv8x-based computer-aided detection framework for automated breast lesion localization in full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images acquired under heterogeneous clinical conditions. The framework was developed and evaluated using 501 clinical mammographic images obtained from multiple mammography systems, namely GE …

An Object-Level Semantic Video Transmission Framework For Iomt Based On Lightweight Yolo And Motion Triggering, Iman Kadhum Abbood, Alaa Shawqi Jaber

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In Internet of Multimedia Things (IoMT) environments, video capture and frame transmission consume substantial sensor energy and impose considerable network overhead because of redundant data transmission. Traditional approaches often rely on repeated pixel-level operations and frequent execution of deep segmentation models, thereby increasing computational and transmission costs. This paper proposes an Object-Level Semantic Video Transmission Framework (OSVT) for resource-constrained IoMT environments in which high-definition visual data must be transmitted over low-bandwidth wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). The proposed OSVT incorporates a dual-stage wake-up mechanism that remains in sleep mode during static scenes, thereby reducing transmission load. The high-power YOLOv11-seg module …

Calculation Of Alpha-Decay Half-Lives Using A Numerical Approach, Daniel Suescún-Díaz, Rosemberg Gómez-Noguera, Diego Rasero-Causil

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study introduces a numerical approach for estimating alpha-decay half-lives of alpha-emitting nuclei using a modified five-parameter Woods-Saxon potential. The radial Schrödinger equation is solved with the Numerov method to calculate the wave function and the barrier transmission probability, without relying exclusively on the WKB approximation. The calculations were performed for 398 nuclides taken from the NUBASE2020 database. Of these, 264 nuclides were used for the MWS5 parameter-adjustment stage, whereas the remaining 134 nuclides were reserved for an independent evaluation of the model. The results were compared with those obtained from two reference models: the modified Gamow-Like Model (MGLM) and …

Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Elastase, And Anti-Collagenase Activities Of Propolis Extracts From The Stingless Bee Tetragonula Laeviceps (Smith, 1857), Tri Hadi Handayani, Dimas Andrianto, Sih Kahono, Pamungkas Rizki Ferdian, Raden Lia Rahadian Amalia, Muhamad Ridwan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Stingless bees incorporate propolis into their nest as a structural and protective material. Information remains limited on how solvent fractionation affects the antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities of propolis produced by Indo nesian Tetragonula laeviceps. This study examined a crude extract prepared with 70% ethanol together with the n- hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions obtained from it. The analysis comprised total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), three antioxidant assays (ABTS, CUPRAC, TBARS), and inhibition of tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase. The largest TPC and TFC values were obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction, at 85.93 ± 1.28 mg GAE/g …

Proof Of The Wave Function Identity, A New Symmetry Constraint For The Three-Electron Quantum Dot In A Magnetic Field And Ad Hoc Generalization To Bound Many-Electron Systems, Marlina Slamet, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

We prove the Wave Function Identity (WFI), a newly discovered property of solutions to the two-dimensional Schrödinger–Pauli equation for the 𝑁 = 3 electron Coulombically interacting harmonically bound ‘artificial atom’ or quantum dot in a uniform magnetic field. The symmetry is comprised of an interchange of the spatial coordinates of two electrons whilst keeping their spin moments unchanged, followed by an inversion of all three electron coordinates. The proof is achieved by first deriving the general form of the exact correlated wave function in the high-electron-correlation Wigner regime and then proving the WFI employing this form for a ground and …

Measurements And Analysis Of Light Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Mole Fractions In 1982–1987 At Six Remote Sites Along The Pacific Rim, A. M. Smith, C. L. Butenhoff, M. A. K. Khalil, A. L. Rice

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Atmospheric non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) are important trace species with anthropogenic and natural sources including fugitive emissions from fossil fuel mining and distribution, biomass burning, biofuel combustion, and biogenic emissions from microbes and plants. We present previously unpublished whole air sample measurements of NMHCs collected at approximately weekly intervals from 1982 to 1987 at six stations spanning the Northern and Southern hemispheres, which sampled primarily Pacific Basin air masses as determined by back‐trajectory analysis. The four alkanes in this data set, ethane, propane, i‐ and n‐butane had a mean measured mole fraction of 712 ± 22 ppt, 245 ± 13 ppt, …

Are Lagrangians Involving Fractional Derivatives Physically Viable?, Nicola Fabiano

Turkish Journal of Physics

The recent trend of incorporating fractional derivatives into Lagrangians prompts a critical assessment of their physical viability. This work analyzes such theories through the lenses of classical mechanics and quantum field theory (QFT), revealing profound foundational issues. While the nonlocal nature of fractional operators circumvents Ostrogradsky's theorem, it introduces more severe problems. Classically, these include a complicated variational principle and the violation of energy conservation due to broken time-translation symmetry. In QFT, the pathologies are fatal: the propagator violates the K\"all\'en--Lehmann spectral representation, leading to acausal propagation, ghost states, complex poles, and a loss of unitarity. We conclude that Lagrangians …

Electron-Loss And Electron-Capture Cross Sections In  H + H₂⁺ Collisions, Saed J. Al Atawneh, Oqlah Al-Refai, Mohammed Abu-Seileek, Feras Afaneh

Turkish Journal of Physics

We investigate projectile electron-loss, target electron-loss, and target electron capture in H + H₂⁺ collisions using classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) and quantum-corrected classical trajectory Monte Carlo (QCTMC) methods within a fully four-body model. Energy-dependent cross sections are reported for all three channels. For projectile electron-loss, we additionally analyze impact-parameter-dependent probabilities and representative trajectories. The QCTMC method incorporates Heisenberg corrections, improving accuracy at low impact energies. Projectile and target electron-loss cross sections peak at intermediate energies and exhibit good agreement with H + H₂⁺ data at high energies. At low to intermediate energies, projectile electron-loss exceeds target electron-loss because the …

Nonlinear Mode Crossing And Spontaneous Frequency Comb Generation In Driven Magnetic Nanodisks, Hasan Pi̇şki̇n

Turkish Journal of Physics

Nonlinear magnetization dynamics in confined nanostructures provide a rich platform for fundamental studies and advanced spintronic applications. Here, we investigate the driven dynamics of a perpendicularly magnetized permalloy nanodisk using high-resolution micromagnetic simulations. In the linear regime, geometric confinement quantizes the uniform precession into discrete radial standing spin-wave (SSW) modes. As the excitation amplitude increases, the fundamental Kittel mode exhibits a pronounced nonlinear frequency shift relative to the higher-order SSW modes, ultimately leading to a critical mode crossing associated with nonlinear resonance overlap and the breakdown of modal orthogonality. Time-domain analysis reveals that strong mode hybridization governs the ensuing dynamics, …

Microscopic Study Of Β-Decay And Stellar Weak Rates In Neutron-Rich Scandium Isotopes, Wajeeha Khalid, Jameel-Un Nabi, Maria Ramzan

Turkish Journal of Physics

This study provides a critical investigation of the β-decay characteristics of neutron-rich scandium isotopes (53-65Sc) using the proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) model. The theoretical framework allows for a microscopic understanding of spin-isospin excitation modes that are essential for examining weak interaction phenomena. Charge-changing Gamow-Teller (GT) strength distributions were calculated and found to agree well with existing experimental results, thereby confirming the model's capacity to accurately represent the nuclear configuration of these isotopes. The computed β-decay half-lives and corresponding log ft values exhibit good agreement with experimental data, further validating the GT strength distributions and reinforcing the consistency of …

Comparison Of Umbral Dot Physical Properties In Developed And Undeveloped Sunspots, Muhammed Ali̇ Çalişir, Ali̇ Kilçik, Vasyl Yurchyshyn

Turkish Journal of Physics

Sunspots are cool regions where the magnetic field is significantly stronger than in the surrounding photosphere, and their darkest central regions are known as the umbra. Umbral dots (UDs) are small, bright features within the umbra that represent convective motions partially suppressed by strong magnetic fields. In this study, high-resolution images from the Goode Solar Telescope (GST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) were used to analyze four sunspots at different evolutionary stages, including two developed and two undeveloped sunspots. The physical properties of UDs, including brightness, diameter, eccentricity, lifetime, and dynamic velocity, were measured and compared across these sunspots …

Stress–Strain Behavior Of The High-Entropy Cantor Alloy Crmnfeconi Using A Deep Neural Network Potential, Nguyen Le Hoai Phuong, Le Huu Nghia, Huynh Khanh Van, Vo Khuong Dien, Nguyen Thanh Tien

Turkish Journal of Physics

Machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) provide an efficient approach to large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of high-entropy alloys. In this work, an MLIP trained on AIMD data was developed for the CrMnFeCoNi Cantor alloy and validated against DFT calculations. In addition, we compared MLIP results with those obtained using the classical modified embedded atom method (MEAM)-based interatomic potential for the CrMnFeCoNi Cantor alloy. The model achieved energy and force RMSEs of 7.39 x 10-6 meV/atom and 4.46 x 10-3 eV/A, respectively. Tensile simulations demonstrated that the MLIP accurately reproduced the stress–strain response, elastic constants, and deformation mechanisms observed in DFT calculations. …

Spacer-Mediated Gold Nanocube Arrays For Edge-Localized Excitonic Enhancement In Monolayer Mos2​, Abdullah Efe Yildiz, Emre Ozan Polat

Turkish Journal of Physics

Plasmonic nanostructures offer an effective route for enhancing light-matter interaction in atomically thin semiconductors, whose optical response is intrinsically limited by their subnanometer active thickness. Here, we numerically investigate excitonic enhancement in monolayer (ML) Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) coupled to size-tuned gold (Au) nanocube arrays separated by thin aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) spacer layers. By varying the nanocube side length, the localized surface plasmon resonance is tuned across the visible spectral range to modulate the A- and B-excitonic transitions of monolayer MoS2.We show that the nanocube-size-dependent spectral redshift can be further controlled through the spacer material and …