Physics Commons^™

Optimization Of Niobium Film For Particle Accelerators And Quantum Applications, Bektur Abdisatarov

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Niobium (Nb) films play a central role in superconducting technologies used in particle accelerators and superconducting quantum circuits. Optimizing the physical properties of Nb films is therefore critical for improving both radiofrequency (RF) performance in superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities and coherence in superconducting qubits. This thesis investigates the relationship between Nb film microstructure, impurity content, and electromagnetic response across these two application domains.

For particle accelerator applications, we studied Nb films deposited using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) with DC bias onto a 1.3 GHz elliptical SRF cavity. Nb film cavities exhibit a pronounced medium-field Q-slope, limiting their achievable accelerating …

Exclusive Neutral Pion Electroproduction Cross Section Measurements With A Neutral Particle Spectrometer, Mitchell R. Kerver

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS), the exclusive electron-proton scattering process ep →e′p′γ, provides access to generalized parton distributions (GPDs), which correlate informa tion about the longitudinal momentum and transverse spatial structure of quarks inside the nucleon. Experiment E12-13-010 in Hall C at Jefferson Lab was designed to take high-precision measure ments of the DVCS cross section over an extended kinematic range using the newly commis sioned Neutral Particle Spectrometer (NPS). The NPS features a high-resolution electromagnetic calorimeter and a streaming data acquisition system optimized for operation at high luminosities. This thesis presents the detector and analysis work carried out to …

A Study Of Short-Range Correlated Pair Formation Mechanisms, Noah S. Swan

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Short-Range Correlations (SRCs) refers to pairs of nucleons that are temporary high density fluctuations with high relative momenta and lower center-of-mass momenta com pared to the nuclear Fermi momentum (kF). SRCs account for 20–25% of the nucleons in medium to heavy nuclei, make up essentially all nucleons with momentum greater than kF, and contribute most of the kinetic energy carried by nucleons in nuclei.

The existing semi-inclusive and exclusive measurements only cover a handful of light nu clei or heavy elements. This does not allow for a systematic study of the dependence of SRC pairs on nuclear mass and proton-neutron …

Observations Of An Oscillatory Mechanochemical Reaction Between Tetrathiafulvalene And Chloranilic Acid, Alastair Deans

Physics Theses & Dissertations

Mechanochemistry is the study of chemical reactions driven by the input of mechanical en ergy in addition to thermal activation. Mechanochemical reactions from powders are carried out by manual grinding or milling using various types of ball mills, or in twin extruders. While mechanochemistry has great potential affording economically and environmentally advantageous “green” synthetic methods, a drawback is that its chemical mechanisms are not well understood. One example of such a reaction currently under study involves tetrathiafulvalene, an organic elec tron donor with two polymorphs (orange and brown), and chloranilic acid, an electron acceptor. Previous results show that neat grinding …

Ultra-High Vacuum Outgassing Characterization Of Thermally Processed Low-Carbon Steel For Advanced Particle Accelerator And Gravitational Wave Detector Applications, Aiman H. Al-Allaq

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation investigated AISI 1020 low-carbon steel as an alternative vacuum chamber material to conventional stainless steel for ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and extreme-high vacuum (XHV) applications. After a 400 °C/48 h bake, AISI 1020 tube chambers achieved a hydrogen outgassing rate of 2.4 × 10⁻¹⁶ Torr·L·s⁻¹·cm⁻², approximately 2,300 times lower than the prebaked 316L stainless-steel comparator, among the lowest hydrogen outgassing rates ever reported for an uncoated metallic vacuum chamber. Bare and magnetite-coated AISI 1020 chambers were then compared using throughput and rate-of-rise methods. The magnetite coating yielded 5× lower water outgassing at room temperature, but this advantage disappeared after …

Determining The Electric Field In A 10 Ns Pulsed Plasma In Fuel-Air Mixtures Using Efish, Md Ziaur Rahman, Christopher J. Kliewer, Brian D. Patterson, Chunqi Jiang

Bioelectrics Publications

Transient plasma ignition (TPI) utilizes non-equilibrium plasmas, produced by nanosecond high-voltage pulses, to improve lean-fuel combustion performance and reduce emission. It is known that the relatively high reduced electric field (E/N) in TPI plays an important role in generating energetic electrons and facilitating energy-efficient radical productions, resulting in reliable ignition for lean combustion. Determining the reduced electric field in the discharge is hence important for the understanding of the TPI process and ultimately allowing for the control of the plasma chemistry. This study reports spatiotemporally resolved measurements of the electric field (E) in a 10 ns pulsed plasma that is …

Probing Hard/Soft Factorization Via Beam-Spin Asymmetry In Exclusive Pion Electroproduction From The Proton, A. C. Postuma, G. M. Huber, D. J. Gaskell, N. Heinrich, T. Horn, M. Junaid, S. J. D. Kay, V. Kumar, P. Markowitz, J. Roche, R. Trotta, A. Usman, B. -G Yu, T. K. Choi, K. -J. Hong, S. Ali, R. Ambrose, D. Androic, W. Armstrong, A. Bandari, V. Berdnikov, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, M. Boer, P. Bosted, E. Brash, A. Camsonne, J. -P. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, M. E. Christy, S. Covrig, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, M. Diefenthaler, B. Duran, D. Dutta, M. Elaasar, R. Ent, H. Fenker, E. Fuchey, D. Hamilton, J. -O Hansen, F. Hauenstein, S. Jia, M. K. Jones, S. Joosten, M. L. Kabir, A. Karki, C. Keppel, E. Kinney, N. Lashley-Colthirst, W. B. Li, D. Mack, S. Malace, M. Mccaughan, Z. E. Meziani, R. Michaels, R. Montgomery, M. Muhoza, C. Muñoz Camacho, G. Niculescu, Z. Papandreou, S. Park, E. Pooser, M. Rehfuss, B. Sawatzky, G. R. Smith, H. Szumila-Vance, A. Teymurazyan, H. Voskanyan, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. A. Wood, Z. Ye, C. Yero, J. Zhang, X. Zheng

Physics Faculty Publications

Deep exclusive meson production (DEMP) reactions, such as p(e⃗ , e'π⁺)n, provide opportunities to study the three-dimensional structure of the nucleon through differential cross section and beam-and target spin asymmetry measurements. This work aims to probe the onset of the hard/soft factorization regime through the exclusive p (e⃗, e'π⁺)n reaction, as measured in the KaonLT experiment at Jefferson Lab Hall C. A 10.6 GeV Longitudinally polarized electron beam was incident on an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target, and the scattered electron and produced meson were detected in two magnetic focusing spectrometers, enabling precision cross section measurements. The cross section ratio σ …

Measuring Short-Range Correlations And Quasi-Elastic Cross Sections In A(E,E') At X > 1 And Modest Q², Y. P. Zhang, Z. H. Ye, D. Nguyen, P. Aguilera, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, B. Anderson, D. Anez, K. Aniol, J. Annand, J. Arrington, T. Averett, H. Baghdasaryan, X. Bai, A. Beck, S. Beck, V. Bellini, F. Benmokhtar, A. Camsonne, C. Chen, J. -P. Chen, K. Chiraptpimol, E. Cisbani, S. Covid Dusa, M. M. Dalton, D. Day, W. Deconinck, M. Defurne, D. Flay, N. Fomin, M. Friend, E. Fuchey, F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, S. Glamazdin, C. Gu, P. Guèye, C. Hanretty, J. -O Hansen, M. Hashemi Shabestari, D. W. Higinbotham, M. Huang, S. Iqbal, G. Jin, N. Kalantarians, H. Kang, A. Kelleher, I. Korover, J. Lerose, J. Leckey, S. Li, R. Lindgren, E. Long, J. Mammei, P. Markowitz, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovič, N. Muangma, C. Munoz Camacho, B. E. Norum, Nuruzzaman, K. Pan, S. Phillips, E. Piasetzky, I. Pomerantz, M. Posik, V. Punjabi, X. Qian, Y. Qiang, X. Qiu, P. E. Reimer, A. Rakhman, S. Riordan, G. Ron, O. Rondon-Aramayo, L. Selvy, A. Shahinyan, R. Shneor, S. Širca, K. Slifer, N. Sparveris, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, D. Wang, J. W. Watson, L. B. Weinstein, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. A. Wood, I. Yaron, J. Zhang, Y. W. Zhang, B. Zhao, X. Zheng, P. Zhu, R. Zielinski

Physics Faculty Publications

We present results from the Jefferson Lab E08-014 experiment, investigating short-range correlations (SRC) through measurements of inclusive quasi-elastic scattering from ²H, ³He, ⁴He, ¹²C, ⁴⁰Ca, and ⁴⁸Ca. The kinematics were selected to isolate scattering from SRCs, yielding a plateau in the A/²H cross-section ratios due to the universal two-body structure of the 2N-SRCs in light and heavy nuclei. We observe approximate plateaus in the A/²H ratios and provide the first extractions of the A/²H ratio for ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁸Ca. We also examine the A/³He ratio, aiming to identify three-nucleon SRCs (3N-SRCs). Following the approach for isolating 2N-SRCs, searching for 3N-SRC …

Backward-Angle Electroproduction Of Η′ Mesons Off Protons At W = 2.13 Gev And Q² = 0.46 (Gev/C)², T. Akiyama, P. Bydžovský, T. Gogami, K. Itabashi, S. Nagao, S. N. Nakamura, K. Okuyama, B. Pandey, D. Skoupil, K. N. Suzuki, L. Tang, D. Abrams, D. Androic, K. Aniol, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Bane, S. Barcus, J. Barrow, V. Bellini, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, A. Camsonne, J. Castellanos, J. -P. Chen, J. Chen, S. Covrig, D. Chrisman, R. Cruz-Torres, R. Das, E. Fuchey, K. Gnanvo, F. Garibaldi, T. Gautam, J. Gomez, P. Gueye, T. J. Hague, O Hansen, W. Henry, F. Hauenstein, D. W. Higinbotham, C. E. Hyde, M. Kaneta, C. Keppel, T. Kutz, N. Lashley-Colthirst, S. Li, H. Liu, J. Mammei, P. Markowitz, R. E. Mcclellan, F. Meddi, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovič, A. Moyer, D. Nguyen, M. Nycz, V. Owen, C. Palatchi, S. Park, T. Petkovic, S. Premathilake, P. E. Reimer, J. Reinhold, S. Riordan, V. Rodriguez, C. Samanta, S. N. Santiesteban, B. Sawatzky, S. Širca, K. Slifer, T. Su, Y. Tian, Y. Toyama, D. Trnková, K. Uehara, G. M. Urciuoli, D. Votaw, J. Williamson, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. A. Wood, B. Yale, Z. Ye, J. Zhang, X. Zheng

Physics Faculty Publications

The electroproduction of η′ mesons from a ¹H target at W = 2.13GeV, Q² = 0.46(GeV/c)² and cos θ^CM_𝛾*η ≈ -1 has been experimentally measured. The differential cross section of virtual-photoproduction has been obtained as 4.4 ± 0.8(stat.) ± 0.4(sys.)nb/sr in the One-Photon-Exchange Approximation. This value is one-sixth of that of real-photoproduction at backward angles. A comparison with newly-developed isobar model calculations not only shows validity of the theoretical framewark employed, but also imposes new constraints on coupling strength between the η′p final state and nucleon resonances.

Poincaré Invariance And The Unruh Effect, Alexandre Deur, Stanley J. Brodsky, Craig D. Roberts, Balša Terzić

Physics Faculty Publications

In quantum field theory, the vacuum is popularly considered to be a complex medium populated with virtual particle + antiparticle pairs. To an observer experiencing uniform acceleration, it is generally held that these virtual particles become real, appearing as a gas at a temperature that grows with the acceleration. This is the Unruh effect. However, it has been shown that vacuum complexity is an artifact produced by treating quantum field theory in a manner that does not manifestly enforce causality. Choosing a quantization approach that patently enforces causality, the quantum field theory vacuum is barren, bereft even of virtual particles. …

Studying Electroweak Few-Body Observables In Chiral Effective Field Theory, Alex Gnech

Physics Faculty Publications

The use of nuclei to study electroweak probes is becoming increasingly relevant experimentally. The success of dark matter and neutrino experiments strongly depends on the ability to control nuclear effects in order to extract the fundamental parameters associated with external probes. Therefore, reliable theoretical calculations of nuclear structure and reactions, with well-controlled errors, are crucial for the success of experimental efforts. Currently, chiral effective field theory (χ EFT) coupled with {\it ab-initio} methods represents one of the best approaches that fulfills these requirements. To use this approach as a tool for studying fundamental physics, it is essential to validate it …

Longitudinal Spin Transfer To Λ Hyperons In Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering With The Clas12 Spectrometer, M. Mceneaney, A. Vossen, A. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. Amaryan, W. R. Armstrong, H. Atac, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, R. Capobianco, D. S. Carman, J. C. Carvajal, A. Celentano, P. Chatagnon, V. Chesnokov, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole, M. Contalbrigo, A. D'Angelo, N. Dashyan, R. De Vita, M. Defurne, S. Diehl, C. Dilks, C. Djalali, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, M. Ehrhart, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, M. Farooq, S. Fegan, R. E. Ferguson, I. P. Fernando, A. Filippi, C. Fogler, K. Gates, G. Gavalian, D. I. Glazier, R. W. Gothe, Y. Gotra, B. Gualtieri, K. Hafidi, H. Hakobyan, M. Hattawy, T. B. Hayward, D. Heddle, A. Hobart, M. Holtrop, Y. Ilieva, D. G. Ireland, H. S. Jo, S. Joosten, T. Kageya, A. Kim, V. Klimenko, A. Kripko, V. Kubarovsky, L. Lanza, S. Lee, P. Lenisa, D. Marchand, V. Mascagna, D. Matamoros, B. Mckinnon, T. Mineeva, M. Mirazita, V. Mokeev, C. Munoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, T. Nagorna, K. Neupane, S. Niccolai, G. Niculescu, M. Osipenko, M. Ouillon, P. Pandey, M. Paolone, L. L. Pappalardo, R. Paremuzyan, E. Pasyuk, S. J. Paul, W. Phelps, N. Pilleux, S. Polcher Rafael, L. Polizzi, J. Poudel, Y. Prok, A. Radic, T. Reed, J. Richards, M. Ripani, P. Rossi, A. A. Rusova, C. Salgado, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, M. B. C. Scott, E. V. Shirokov, S. Shresstha, E. Sidoretti, D. Sokhan, N. Sparveris, M. Spreafico, I. Strakovsky, S. Strauch, J. A. Tan, R. Tyson, M. Ungaro, P. S. H. Vaishnavi, S. Vallarino, C. Velasquez, L. Venturelli, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, D. P. Watts, Y. Wang, U. Weerasinghe, X. Wei, N. Wickramaarachchi, M. H. Wood, L. Xu, Z. Xu, N. Zachariou, Z. W. Zhao, V. Ziegler, M. Zurek

Physics Faculty Publications

The polarization of Λ hyperons is preserved in the angular distribution of their decay products. This property allows one to study the spin structure of the Λ. In semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering where a high energy lepton interacts with a nucleon target and one or more hadrons and the scattered lepton are detected in the final state, the probability for a struck quark to impart the polarization of the lepton to the Λ may be measured. In particular, in electron-proton scattering this quantity may be related to the longitudinal light quark polarization of the Λ. Currently, limited experimental data cannot …

Inverse Problem In The Large Momentum Effective Theory Framework, Herve Dutrieux, Joe Karpie, Christopher J. Monahan, Kostas Orginos, Anatoly Radyushkin, David Richards, Savvas Zafeiropoulos

Physics Faculty Publications

One proposal to compute parton distributions from first principles is the large momentum effective theory (LaMET), which requires the Fourier transform of matrix elements computed nonperturbatively. Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) provides calculations of these matrix elements over a finite range of Fourier harmonics that are often noisy or unreliable in the largest computed harmonics. It has been suggested that enforcing an exponential decay of the missing harmonics helps alleviate this issue. Using nonperturbative data, we show that the uncertainty introduced by this inverse problem in a realistic setup remains significant without very restrictive assumptions, and that the importance of the …

Geometry Of Almost-Conserved Quantities In Symplectic Maps: Approximate Invariants In Nonlinear Accelerator Systems, T. Zolkin, S. Nagaitsev, I. Morozov, S. Kladov

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a perturbative method for constructing approximate invariants of motion directly from the equations of discrete-time symplectic systems. This framework offers a natural nonlinear extension of the classic Courant-Snyder (CS) theory for systems with 1 degree of freedom—a foundational cornerstone in accelerator physics now spanning seven decades and historically focused on linear phenomena. The original CS formalism emerged under conditions where nonlinearities were weak, design goals favored linear motion, and analytical tools—such as the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theory—had not yet been fully developed. While various normal-form methods have been proposed to treat near-integrable dynamics, the approach introduced here stands out for …

Shock-Wave Structure In A Monatomic Gas Mixture With Rydberg Atoms, Anna Markhotok

Physics Faculty Publications

The effect of atom size on the shock-wave structure in a binary monatomic gas mixture with Rydberg atoms has been investigated. The problem was solved numerically using the system of hydrodynamic equations in argon gas for the atom-size ratios between 2 and 100, T = 1500 K, and the density between 10¹⁷ and 10²⁰ m−³. It was found that the presence of larger-sized atoms in the mixture results in shock front splitting that is on the order of the mean free path for this component. The results could be of interest in supersonic plasma dynamics and in astrophysics, studying shock …

Flavor, Transverse Momentum, And Azimuthal Dependence Of Charged Pion Multiplicities In Semi-Inclusive Deep-Inelastic Scattering With 10.6 Gev Electrons, P. Bosted, H. Bhatt, S. Jia, W. Armstrong, D. Dutta, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, E. Kinney, H. Mkrtchyan, S. Ali, R. Ambrose, D. Androic, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, A. Bandari, V. Berdnikov, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, M. Boer, E. Brash, A. Camsonne, M. Cardonna, J. P. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, E. M. Christy, S. Covrig, S. Danagoulian, M. Diefenthaler, B. Duran, C. Elliot, H. Fenker, E. Fuchey, J. O. Hansen, F. Hauenstein, T. Horn, G. M. Huber, M. K. Jones, M. L. Kabir, A. Karki, B. Karki, S. J. D. Kay, C. Keppel, V. Kumar, N. Lashley-Colthirst, W. B. Li, D. Mack, S. Malace, P. Markowitz, M. Mccaughan, E. Mcclellan, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, A. Mkrtchyan, C. Morean, G. Niculescu, I. Niculescu, B. Pandey, S. Park, E. Pooser, B. Sawatzky, G. R. Smith, H. Szumila-Vance, A. S. Tadepalli, V. Tadevosyan, R. Trotta, H. Voskanyan, S. A. Wood, Z. Ye, C. Yero, X. Zheng, Hall C Sidis Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

Measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering multiplicities for 𝜋⁺ and 𝜋⁻ from proton and deuteron targets are reported on a grid of hadron kinematic variables 𝑧, 𝑃𝑇, and 𝜙* for leptonic kinematic variables in the range 0.3< 𝑥< 0.6 and 3< 𝑄²< 5GeV². Data were acquired in 2018 and 2019 at Jefferson Lab Hall C with a 10.6 GeV electron beam impinging on 10-cm-long liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets. Scattered electrons and charged pions were detected in the High Momentum Spectrometer and Super High Momentum Spectrometer, respectively. The multiplicities were fitted for each bin in (𝑥,𝑄²,𝑧,𝑃_𝑡) to extract the 𝜙*—independent 𝑀₀ and the azimuthal modulations ⟨cos⁡(𝜙*)⟩ and ⟨cos⁡(2⁢𝜙*)⟩. The 𝑃_𝑡 dependence of the 𝑀₀ results was found to be remarkably consistent for the four cases studied: 𝑒⁢𝑝→𝑒⁢𝜋⁺⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑝→𝑒⁢𝜋^−⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑑→𝑒⁢𝜋⁺⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑑→𝑒⁢𝜋^−⁢𝑋 over the range 0GeV< 𝑃_𝑡< 0.4GeV, as were the multiplicities evaluated near 𝜙*=180∘ over the extended range 0GeV< 𝑃_𝑡< 0.7GeV. The Gaussian widths of the 𝑃𝑡 dependence exhibit a quadratic increase with 𝑧. The cos⁡(𝜙*) modulations were found to be consistent with zero for 𝜋⁺, in agreement with previous world data, while the 𝜋⁻ moments were, in many cases, significantly greater than zero. The cos⁡(2⁢𝜙*) modulations …

Dispersion Relations And The Light-Hadron Spectrum, Arkaitz Rodas

Physics Faculty Publications

Light hadron spectroscopy sits in the non-perturbative regime of QCD, where flexible fits often compete with firm principles. Over the past two decades, dispersion relations have become a practical, numerical tool to solve these issues, enabling first-principles analyses and delivering robust resonance parameters. With ππ scattering as an example, we briefly summarize the current landscape, highlight dispersive work that has resolved long-standing debates and set precision standards, and include recent examples of dispersive analyses of lattice QCD results.

Ai-Enabled Digital Twins And Optimization Workflows For Accelerator Control, M. Yadav, A. Seryi, B. Terzic, J. Bird, J. Delayen, K. Makino, K. Ahmed, L. Van Riesen-Haupt, Q. Su, S. De Silva, S. Hossain, T. Griffin, T. Satogata

Physics Faculty Publications

We propose to develop advanced ML models, such as physics informed neural network (PINN) based surrogate models, to accurately represent accelerator phase space transport. These surrogate models will enable precise diagnosis and prediction of beam phase space evolution along the beamline, facilitating real-time control and optimization. The developed models will be tested using the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), providing a pathway toward ML-driven enhanced diagnostics and beamline control in operational accelerator environments. The primary aim will be to facilitate this by developing machine learning models that outperform traditional simulations in speed and …

Explainable Physics-Based Constraints On Reinforcement Learning For Accelerator Optimization, Jonathan Colen, Malachi Schram, Kishansingh Rajput, Armen Kasparian

Data Science Faculty Publications

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) framework for optimizing particle accelerator experiments that builds explainable physics-based constraints on agent behavior. The goal is to increase transparency and trust by letting users verify that the agent’s decision-making process incorporates suitable physics. Our algorithm uses a learnable surrogate function for physical observables, such as energy, and uses them to fine-tune how actions are chosen. This surrogate can be represented by a neural network or by an interpretable sparse dictionary model. We test our algorithm on a range of particle accelerator optimization environments designed to emulate the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at …

Variational Autoencoder Inverse Mapper For Extraction Of Compton Form Factors: Benchmarks And Conditional Learning, Douglas Adams, Md Fayaz Bin Hossen, Joshua Bautista, Gia-Wei Chern, Simonetta Liuti, Marie Boër, Marija Čuić, Michael Engelhardt, Gary R. Goldstein, Huey-Wen Lin, Yaohang Li

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Deeply virtual exclusive scattering processes (DVES) serve as precise probes of nucleon quark and gluon distributions in coordinate space. These distributions are derived from generalized parton distributions (GPDs) via Fourier transform relative to proton momentum transfer. QCD factorization theorems enable DVES to be parameterized by Compton form factors (CFFs), which are convolutions of GPDs with perturbatively calculable kernels. Accurate extraction of CFFs from DVCS, benefiting from interference with the Bethe–Heitler (BH) process and a simpler final state structure, is essential for inferring GPDs. This paper focuses on extracting CFFs from DVCS data using a variational autoencoder inverse mapper (VAIM) and …

Small-𝑥 Asmptomatics Of The Leading-Twist Flavor Singlet Quark Tmds, Daniel Adamiak, M. Gabriel Santiago, Yossathorn Tawabutr

Physics Faculty Publications

In this paper, we investigate the small-𝑥 behavior of the flavor-singlet, leading-twist quark transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) using the light-cone operator treatment. This formalism allows us to express TMD operators at small 𝑥 in terms of polarized dipole amplitudes, enabling a systematic approach to their small-𝑥 evolution. We derive the evolution equations for these TMDs and solve them within the large-𝑁𝑐 approximation under the linearized, double-logarithmic approximation, where 𝑁𝑐 represents the number of quark colors. Expanding on previous work on unpolarized and helicity TMDs, we present the small-𝑥 asymptotics for a comprehensive set of TMDs, including the Sivers function, …

Unpolarized Gpds At Small X And Non-Zero Skewness, Yuri V. Kovchegov, M. Gabriel Santiago, Huachen Sun

Physics Faculty Publications

We study the small-x asymptotics of unpolarized generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and generalized transverse momentum distributions (GTMDs). Unlike the previous works in the literature, we consider the case of non-zero (but small) skewness while allowing for non-linear contributions to the evolution equations. We first show that unpolarized GPDs and GTMDs at small x are related to the eikonal dipole amplitude N, whose small-x evolution is given by the BK/JIMWLK evolution equations, and to the odderon amplitude 𝒪, whose evolution is also known in the literature. We then show that the effect of non-zero skewness ξ ≠ 0 is to modify …

First Study Of The Nuclear Response To Fast Hadrons Via Angular Correlations Between Pions And Slow Protons In Electron-Nucleus Scattering, The Clas Collaboration, S. J. Paul, M. Arratia, H. Hakobyan, W. Brooks, A. Acar, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, W. R. Armstrong, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -T Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, V. Burkert, T. Cao, D. S. Carman, P. Chatagnon, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole, A. D'Angelo, N. Dashyan, R. De Vita, A. Deur, S. Diehl, C. Djalali, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, A. El Alaoui, L. Elouadrhiri, P. Eugenio, M. Farooq, S. Fegan, A. Filippi, C. Fogler, G. Gavalian, G. P. Gilfoyle, R. W. Gothe, B. Gualtieri, M. Hattawy, F. Hauenstein, T. B. Hayward, M. Hoballah, M. Holtrop, Yu-Chun Hung, Y. Ilieva, D. G. Ireland, E. L. Isupov, D. Jenkins, H. S. Jo, D. Keller, M. Khandaker, A. Kim, V. Klimenko, I. Korover, A. Kripko, V. Kubarovsky, L. Lanza, S. Lee, P. Lenisa, X. Li, D. Marchand, V. Mascagna, B. Mckinnon, T. Mineeva, V. Mokeev, E. F. Molina Cardenas, C. Munoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, T. Nagorna, K. Neupane, S. Niccolai, G. Niculescu, M. Osipenko, A. I. Ostrovidov, M. Ouillon, P. Pandey, M. Paolone, G. Niculescu, M. Osipenko, A. I. Ostrovidov, M. Ouillon, P. Pandey, M. Paolone, L. L. Pappalardo, R. Paremuzyan, E. Pasyuk, C. Paudel, W. Phelps, N. Pilleux, S. Polcher Rafael, L. Polizzi, J. W. Price, Y. Prok, A. Radic, T. Reed, J. Richards, M. Ripani, J. Ritman, G. Rosner, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, J. Richards, M. Ripani, J. Ritman, G. Rosner, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, R. A. Schumacher, Y. Sharabian, S. Shrestha, E. Sidoretti, D. Sokhan, N. Sparveris, M. Spreafico, S. Stepanyan, I. I. Strakovsky, S. Strauch, M. Tenorio, F. Touchte Codjo, R. Tyson, M. Ungaro, P.S. H. Vaishnavi, S. Vallarino, C. Velasquez, L. Venturelli, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, Y. Wang, D. P. Watts, U. Weerasinghe, X. Wei, M. H. Wood, L. Xu, Z. Xu, M. Zurek

Physics Faculty Publications

We report on the first measurement of angular correlations between high-energy pions and slow protons in electron-nucleus (eA) scattering, providing a new probe of how a nucleus responds to a fast-moving quark. The experiment employed the CLAS detector with a 5-GeV electron beam incident on deuterium, carbon, iron, and lead targets. For heavier nuclei, the pion-proton correlation function is more spread-out in azimuth than for lighter ones, and this effect is more pronounced in the πp channel than in earlier ππ studies. The proton-to-pion yield ratio likewise rises with nuclear mass, although the increase appears to saturate for …

The Shms 11 Gev/C Spectrometer In Hall C At Jefferson Lab, S. Ali, A. Ahmidouch, G. R. Ambrose, A. Asaturyan, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, J. Benesch, V. Berdnikov, H. Bhatt, D. Bhetuwal, D. Biswas, P. Brindza, M. Bukhari, M. Burton, R. Carlini, M. Carmignotto, M. E. Christy, C. Cotton, J. Crafts, D. Day, S. Danagoulian, A. Dittmann, D. H. Dongwi, B. Duran, D. Dutta, R. Ent, H. Fenker, M. Fowler, D. Gaskell, A. Hamdi, N. Heinrich, W. Henry, N. Hlavin, T. Horn, G. M. Huber, Y. Ilieva, J. Jarrell, S. Jia, M. K. Jones, M. Junaid, M. L. Kabir, N. Kalantarians, A. Karki, S. J.D. Kay, C. E. Keppel, V. Kumar, S. Lassiter, W. B. Li, D. Mack, S. Malace, J. Mcmahan, A. Mkrtchyan, H. Mkrtchyan, P. Monaghan, C. Morean, P. Nadel-Turonski, G. Niculescu, M. I. Niculescu, A. Nadeeshani, E. Pooser, A. Ramos, J. Reinhold, B. Sawatzky, H. Szumila-Vance, V. Tadevosyan, R. L. Trotta, A. Usman, C. Yero, M. Yurov, S. Zhamkochyan, S. A. Wood, J. Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications

The Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) has been built for Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab). With a momentum capability reaching 11 GeV/c, the SHMS provides measurements of charged particles produced in electron-scattering experiments using the maximum available beam energy from the upgraded Jefferson Lab accelerator. The SHMS is an ion-optics magnetic spectrometer comprised of a series of new superconducting magnets which transport charged particles through an array of triggering, tracking, and particle-identification detectors that measure momentum, energy, angle and position in order to allow kinematic reconstruction of the events back to their origin at …

Proton Transparency And Neutrino Physics: New Methods And Modeling, Clas Collaboration, S. Dytman, M. Betancourt, N. Steinberg, L. B. Weinstein, A. Ashkenazi, J. Tena-Vidal, A. Papadopoulou, G. Chambers-Wall, J. Smith, P. Achenbach, J. S. Alvarado, M. J. Amaryan, H. Atac, L. Baashen, N. A. Baltzell, L. Barion, M. Bashkanov, M. Battaglieri, F. Benmokhtar, A. Bianconi, A. S. Biselli, M. Bondi, F. Bossù, S. Boiarinov, K. -Th. Brinkmann, W. J. Briscoe, W. K. Brooks, S. Bueltmann, V. D. Burkert, T. Cao, R. Capobianco, D. S. Carman, J. C. Carvajal, P. Chatagnon, V. Chesnokov, H. Chinchay, G. Ciullo, P. L. Cole, M. Contalbrigo, A. D'Angelo, N. Dashyan, R. De Vita, M. Defurne, A. Deur, S. Diehl, C. Djalali, R. Dupre, H. Egiyan, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, L. Elouadrhiri, M. Farooq, S. Fegan, I. P. Fernando, A. Filippi, G. Gavalian, G. P. Gilfoyle, R. W. Gothe, L. Guo, K. Hafidi, H. Hakobyan, M. Hattawy, F. Hauenstein, T. B. Hayward, D. Heddle, A. Hobart, M. Holtrop, Yu-Chun Hung, Y. Ilieva, D. G. Ireland, E. L. Isupov, H. Jiang, H. S. Jo, S. Joosten, M. Khandaker, A. Kim, F. J. Klein, V. Klimenko, A. Kripko, V. Kubarovsky, S. E. Kuhn, L. Lanza, P. Lenisa, D. Marchand, V. Mascagna, D. Matamoros, B. Mckinnon, T. Mineeva, M. Mirazita, V. Mokeev, C. Munoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, T. Nagorna, K. Neupane, D. Nguyen, S. Niccolai, M. Osipenko, L. L. Pappalardo, R. Paremuzyan, E. Pasyuk, S. J. Paul, W. Phelps, N. Pilleux, S. Polcher Rafael, J. W. Price, Y. Prok, T. Reed, J. Richards, M. Ripani, J. Ritman, A. A. Rusova, S. Schadmand, A. Schmidt, R. A. Schumacher, M. B. C. Scott, Y. G. Sharabian, E. V. Shirokov, S. Shrestha, N. Sparveris, M. Spreafico, S. Stepanyan, I. Stakovsky, S. Strauch, J. A. Tan, M. Tenorio, N. Trotta, R. Tyson, M. Ungaro, D. W. Upton, S. Vallarino, L. Venturelli, T. Vittorini, H. Voskanyan, E. Voutier, Y. Wang, D. P. Watts, U. Weerasinghe, X. Wei, M. H. Wood, L. Xu, N. Zachariou

Physics Faculty Publications

Extracting accurate results from neutrino oscillation and cross section experiments requires accurate simulation of the neutrino-nucleus interaction. The rescattering of outgoing hadrons (final state interactions) by the rest of the nucleus is an important component of these interactions. We present a new measurement of proton transparency (defined as the fraction of outgoing protons that emerge without significant rescattering) using electron-nucleus scattering data recorded by the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory on helium, carbon, and iron targets. This analysis uses a new data-driven method to extract the transparency. It defines transparency as the ratio of electron-scattering events with a detected proton …

Recent Progresses In Few-Nucleon Structure And Dynamics In Chiral Effective Field Theory, Laura Elisa Marcucci, Alex Gnech, Michele Viviani

Physics Faculty Publications

The most recent progresses made within the framework of chiral effective field theory for few-nucleon structure and low-energy reactions are here presented. In particular, for the A = 2 sector, the study of muon capture on deuteron is reviewed. Then, the results obtained using the Hyperspherical Harmonics ab-initio method for the 4He monopole form factor and the ³He(n^→ ,p)³H parity-conserving asymmetry are described.

Studying Electroweak Few-Body Observables In Chiral Effective Field Theory, Alex Gnech

Physics Faculty Publications

The use of nuclei to study electroweak probes is becoming increasingly relevant experimentally. The success of dark matter and neutrino experiments strongly depends on the ability to control nuclear effects in order to extract the fundamental parameters associated with external probes. Therefore, reliable theoretical calculations of nuclear structure and reactions, with well-controlled errors, are crucial for the success of experimental efforts. Currently, chiral effective field theory (χEFT) coupled with {\it ab-initio} methods represents one of the best approaches that fulfills these requirements. To use this approach as a tool for studying fundamental physics, it is essential to validate it against …

K-Long Facility At Jlab, Moskov Amaryan

Physics Faculty Publications

In this talk I present the outline of K-long Facility (KLF) at JLab [1]. It was approved by PAC48 in 2020 to run for 200 days of beamtime, equally divided between liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets, to measure dozens of hyperon states predicted by CQM and LQCD but not yet established. This facility also will allow to measure Kπ scattering in different channels to observe the so-called ᴷ scalar meson and measure its width and position with unprecedented accuracy. Finally, it will be shown that exotic baryons can be measured at this facility in formation reactions with a two-body final …

Transverse Orbital Angular Momentum In The Proton, Osamah Alkasassbeh, Abha Rajan, Michael Engelhardt, Simonetta Liuti

Physics Faculty Publications

Using the equations of motion of QCD and Lorentz invariance relations, we show a new, more direct way of obtaining a sum rule for the proton’s quark transverse angular momentum in terms of contributions identified as spin and orbital components. The new sum rule can be understood as a twist-three relation, with the parton distribution g_T encoding the quark transverse spin. We find that the complementary orbital component can be expressed in terms of a moment in the quark transverse momentum, k_T, of the generalized transverse momentum-dependent distribution F₁₂, or alternatively in terms of the twist-three generalized …

Optical Nonlinearity Of A Cold Atomic Ensemble Driven By A Strong Coherent Field In A Saturation Regime, A. S. Usoltsev, L. V. Gerasimov, A. D. Manukhova, S. P. Kulik, D. V. Kupriyanov

Physics Faculty Publications

We present a microscopic analysis and evaluation of the dielectric susceptibility of a dielectric medium consisting of vector-type two-energy-level atoms, responding to a weak probe mode, when the atoms are driven by a strong coherent field. Each atom, in an environment of others, exists as a quasiparticle, further structuring the bulk medium. In a limit of dilute atomic gas, the dynamics of each atom follows the Mollow-type nonlinear excitation regime, and the medium susceptibility collectivizes the individual atomic responses to the probe mode. We outline how the collective dynamics can be interpolated up to a dense medium, and we argue …