Orthodontics and Orthodontology Commons^™

Cephalometric Evaluation Of Bionator Therapy In The Early Treatment Of Class Ii Malocclusions, Daniel C. Sawrie

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Early or two-phase orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusions is a debated topic in orthodontic circles primarily because the benefits of early intervention have not been consistently reproduced among researchers. The present study was a retrospective analysis of cephalograms from patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusions at the start of treatment. These were 50 consecutively treated youths who received phase 1 (early) treatment with a Bionator appliance and later treatment with full appliances (all treated by a single clinician). The comparison group consisted subjects treated in a single phase with fixed Edgewise appliances only. Importantly, subjects in the two …

Precision Of Temporary Anchorage Device Placement With 2d Vs. 3d Diagnostic Tools And Surgical Guides, Howard Lee

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Current methods of temporary anchorage device (TAD) planning and placement are performed by radiographic analysis in a two-dimensional plane that lends itself to inaccuracy secondary to variations in the angle from which the radiograph is taken, as well as the magnification of the radiographic image, resulting in an increased likelihood of placement errors. The purpose of this study was to compare a three-dimensional (3D) TAD planning and placement technique to a traditional two-dimensional (2D) technique. In the 2D group, periapical radiographs and pre-fabricated wire guides were used for planning and placement of TADs on five plastic models. For the 3D …

Influence Of Mandibular Fixed Retainers On Diagnostic Quality Of Cranial Mri, Norman E. Carter

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic quality of MR images taken on subjects with different types of orthodontic lingual retainers in place. The study provides guidelines and recommendations for use of lingual retainer materials in those patients who are or may potentially undergo routine magnetic resonance imaging. Ten subjects had impressions taken and models made for retainer tray fabrication. Removable trays with each lingual retainer material incorporated in them were fabricated from the models. Subjects underwent scans with each of the five test trays in place. T1 sagittal (T1), T2 axial (T2), gradient echo (GRE), and …

Orthodontic Bracket Bond Strength Using Self-Etching Primer With Or Without Pumice Or Acid Etch Pretreatment, Ana Paula Decastro

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel in four bonding protocols: SEP without prior pumicing (None), Pre-etch and SEP without prior pumicing (Pre-etch), control: SEP with prior pumicing (Pumice), and Pre-etch and SEP with prior pumicing (Both). 80 extracted bovine incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups of 20, and brackets were bonded under the different experimental conditions. Debonding force was measured with an Instron universal testing machine. A two-way ANOVA comparing the four groups indicated that there was a significant difference in debonding force (P = 0.001). The SEP …

Pattern Of Malocclusion In Orthodontic Patients: A Hospital Based Study, Gul-E-Erum, Mubassar Fida

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

BACKGROUND: Dental malocclusion is present in all societies but its prevalence varies. Identifying occlusal problems, their incidence and the need for treatment can help to determine the appropriate treatment plan and manpower needed in orthodontics. The aim of the study was to analyze the malocclusion pattern and to provide quantitative information on the pattern of dentofacial characteristics among orthodontic population.METHODS: Varying dentofacial characteristics of 156 patients from June 2002 to April 2004, at the orthodontic unit of the Aga Khan University Hospital were analyzed. Cross tabulations of dentofacial characteristics with Angle's classes were evaluated using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Chi-square …

Alternative Orthodontic Bonding Protocol Using Self Etching Primer, Rush-Baker Gaines Caldwell

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to develop a bonding method that can achieve clinically acceptable bond strength values while leaving a minimum amount of adhesive on the tooth surface during the debonding process. One hundred teeth were randomly assigned into groups. Five different enamel surface preparation protocols were tested (N = 20, each): Conventional acid etch, standard SEP, SEP applied with a light brush stroke (altered SEP 1), SEP applied directly to the composite of pre-coated bracket (altered SEP 2), and Primer Only groups. Brackets were debonded using an Instron universal testing machine (Instron, Canton, MA) in shear …

The Psychosocial Influence Of Dental Esthetics In Adolescents As Judged By Peers, Scott Thomas Henson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if dental esthetics affects the perception of adolescents regarding their peer's social aptitude in specific areas such as athletics, popularity, leadership, and academics. Ten patient photographs (4 males, 6 females) from a private orthodontic practice in Richmond, VA were selected for inclusion in this study. The frontal smiling photographs were digitally modified with insertion of either an ideal smile (straight) or a non-ideal smile (crooked) to create an image identical to the original except for an altered dental complex. Laypersons rated the straight and crooked patient photographs for athletic performance, socialization skills …

Treatment Outcomes And Retention In Medicaid And Non-Medicaid Orthodontic Patients, Ashkan Ghaffari

Theses and Dissertations

Medicaid orthodontic patients have been shown to miss more appointments and break more appliances than self-pay patients, indicating a greater tendency toward non-compliance. Lack of compliance during the post-treatment phase can be detrimental to retention. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in PAR score changes between Medicaid and non-Medicaid patients during and after orthodontic treatment. PAR scores were determined using study models of 43 Medicaid and 39 non-Medicaid patients before and at the end of active treatment, and 24 Medicaid and 42 non-Medicaid patients at the end of treatment and at an average …

Distraction Of Heterotopic Bone Formed With Bmp-2 In A Rat Model: The Technique, Stacie Dawn Fenderson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Multiple studies have shown that ectopic bone forms when bone morphogenic proteins (for example BMP-2 and BMP-7) and a collagen matrix are surgically placed in a rat model either orthotopically or heterotopically. Bone begins to form by the 14 day, and is at it maximum calcified state by the 21st day. The purpose of this study is to observe and quantify the effect of distraction osteogenesis on the ectopic bone. First, a preliminary procedure was performed by surgically placing a titanium cage into the back of a rat just caudal to the thoracic vertebrae. The anterior corners were sutured to …

Detection Of Simulated Apical Root Resorption Using Three Cone Beam Ct Machines, Marcus Paulson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine orthodontists' ability to discriminate small differences of simulated apical root resorption (SARR) on extracted teeth, using the output from three cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines. Twenty-four unrestored maxillary anterior teeth exhibiting normal morphology, were collected. The teeth were scanned by three CBCT machines: 1) the NewTom 3G (AFP imaging, USA), 2) the iCAT (Imaging Sciences, USA) 3) and the MicroCAT II (Siemens Medical, USA). Using a sandblaster the apical portion of each tooth was reduced in 0.5 mm increments up to a total reduction of 1.5 mm. Each root modification was …

Cephalometric Evaluation Of One-Phase And Two-Phase Treatment Alternatives In Matched Class Ii Subjects, Fredrick Jerome Burr

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

“Early” or two-phase orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusions is a highly debated topic in the orthodontic literature. We report here on a retrospective cephalometric study of patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusions. One group consisted of 32 consecutively treated patients who received “early” treatment with a Fränkel II appliance followed by treatment with full fixed appliance. These subjects were “matched” by sex and cephalometric value, to a subject treated with standard edgewise appliances in a single phase. Matching criteria focused on the bony facial characteristics, notably ANB, NAP, Y Axis, AOBO, FMA, overjet, and overbite. The question was …

Quantitative Analysis Of First- Versus Second-Premolar Extraction Effects In Orthodontic Treatment, Robert A. Turner

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Malocclusions can involve arch-size tooth-size discrepancies that have to be resolved by premolar extractions. Treatment planning in such cases usually involves removing first (P1) or second premolars (P2). Choosing an extraction pattern is a learned skill that incorporates many diagnostic factors. This study compared the amounts of in-treatment tooth movement in two common extraction patterns (4/4 and 5/5) in order to gain insight into the criteria used for differential diagnosis and treatment planning. Objective: A method of cast analysis was developed to measure the anteroposterior and transverse changes in tooth positions during orthodontic treatment. Data were used (1) to …

Root Morphology And Sexual Dimorphism : Size Standards For Crown And Root Dimensions In Adolescents, William Max Couch

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

“Early” or two-phase orthodontic treatment of Class II malocclusions is a highly debated topic in the orthodontic literature. We report here on a retrospective cephalometric study of patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusions. One group consisted of 32 consecutively treated patients who received “early” treatment with a Fränkel II appliance followed by treatment with full fixed appliance. These subjects were “matched” by sex and cephalometric value, to a subject treated with standard edgewise appliances in a single phase. Matching criteria focused on the bony facial characteristics, notably ANB, NAP, Y Axis, AOBO, FMA, overjet, and overbite. The question was …

Overbite Correction And Smile Esthetics, Kevin Erick Kelleher

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to investigate differences in outcomes from two common treatment modalities used to reduce deep overbite: maxillary incisor intrusion using an intrusion arch and posterior tooth eruption using an anterior bite plate. Pre-treatment, post-overbite correction and post-treatment records were gathered from 32 patients who presented with deep overbite malocclusions to the Virginia Commonwealth University orthodontic clinic. Both groups of patients experienced reductions in overbite and maxillary incisor display as well as maxillary and mandibular incisor proclination and mandibular incisor occlusal movement during treatment. In the intrusion arch group, the center of resistance of …

Relationship Between Facial Attractiveness And Occlusal Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Study, Chad Eric Fowler

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between pretreatment facial attractiveness and posttreatment occlusal outcome in orthodontic patients. A randomized sample of forty-seven patients (26 males, 21 females) was selected for inclusion in this study. Orthodontic evaluators rated pretreatment patient photographs (frontal smile, frontal, profile) using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Occlusal outomes were evaluated using percentage reduction in weighted Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index scores and the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO-OGS). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationship between pretreatment VAS attractiveness ratings and posttreatment occlusal …

Concurrent Whitening And Orthodontic Treatment, Jason Thomas Gladwell

Theses and Dissertations

The aim was to evaluate whether a whitening system, when used during the final stages of orthodontics, would yield results comparable to whitening alone. Patients were assigned to either the control (n=20) or experimental (n=26) groups. At T1, patients were given a ten day supply of Trèswhite™ by Opalescence®, instructions on use, and initial shade determination was made and photographs were taken. At T2 and T3, shade determination was accomplished and updated photographs were taken. Whitening of the teeth occurred in both groups on average, but significantly more whitening was experienced in the experimental group (p < 0.004). An average of 87% of teeth whitened during orthodontic treatment compared to 97% of control teeth (p < 0.01) were judged to be uniform in appearance. In conclusion, the data do not contraindicate the concurrent accomplishment of teeth whitening during orthodontic treatment.

The Effect Of Pre-Cure Bracket Movement On The Shear Bond Strength Of Metal Brackets, Thomas Luther Roberts Iv

Theses and Dissertations

The effect on shear bond strength of bracket movement after seating the brackets and before light curing has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of linear and rotational pre-cure bracket movement on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. 100 extracted human maxillary premolars were divided into 5 groups of 20 teeth each. The control group was bonded with no pre-cure bracket movement, and test groups were bonded with pre-cure bracket movement of 2 mm, 4 mm, 45¢ª or 180¢ª. Debonding force was measured with an Instron universal testing machine. Results were analyzed …

Variability In Selecting Lateral Cephalometric Landmarks In Two Cbct Image Modes, Dana Nguyen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of lateral cephalometric landmark selection in two cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) lateral cephalometric simulations: 1) a mean projection image (MPI) and 2) a serial sagittal slice image (SSSI).

Methods: A MPI is a two-dimensional (2D) image obtained from the NewTom 3G^TM CBCT that resembles the conventional lateral cephalogram. A SSSI is a 2D image also obtained from CBCT data, but is created by superimposing a series of selected thin sagittal slices containing the required cephalometric landmarks. This study compared the Ricketts and Steiner analysis of the MPI …

Influence Of Common Orthodontic Appliances On Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Joseph Matthew Elison

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential diagnostic tool in modern medicine. Conditions such as cerebral vascular accidents, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, autism, cancer, migraine and cluster headaches benefit from its use. It has been discovered that 4-10% of all children and adolescents will experience a seizure at some point (Hauser, 1994) and MRI is one of the most common imaging modalities for seizure and epilepsy diagnosis. Unfortunately, some orthodontic materials cause distortion on MR images. Radiologists would probably require the removal of any distortion-causing orthodontic appliance prior to MR imaging. It is questionable whether radiologists would be comfortable …

Dental Maturation In Children Treated For Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Michael Grey Weathersby

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a life-threatening disease primarily affecting children. Treatment currently consists of chemotherapy sometimes in combination with head irradiation. The literature documents the damage of treatment to the teeth (e.g., congenital absence, microdontia, abnormal crown- root ratios). The present study assessed the effects of treatment for ALL on the tempos of dental maturation (i.e., dental age) in a mixed longitudinal sample of 72 children treated for ALL at St Jude's Children's' Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. Panoramic radiographs had been taken as indicated to assess and maintain dental health in this retrospective study. Dental age was quantified both …

Dependence Of Craniofacial Growth On Stages Of Cervical Vertebral Maturation And Stages Of Mandibular Canine Mineralization, Charles Allen Chance

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

When an individual presents for orthodontic treatment, orthodontic records are made that also include demographic information. The orthodontic treatment plan is determined not only from the diagnostic records but also from the relative amounts of growth the orthodontist perceives will take place during treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine if pretreatment biological age, as assessed from cervical vertebral (CV) maturity and/or mandibular canine mineralization, are statistically tied to the amount of growth occurring during treatment, and if so, then if biological age has any predictive merit in anticipating the amounts of growth occurring during treatment. The sample …

Changes In Integumental Dimensions Of The Face Following Orthodontic Treatment: A Long-Term Study, Jack Hou

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Most studies of facial growth in adults have relied on cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies in this area are scarce because it is difficult to collect data on adults across time and because the changes are less dramatic than during childhood or adolescence. An interesting sample exists in the Charles H. Tweed collection, where orthodontic patients were recalled 10 or more years after treatment with an average time out of treatment of about 15 years. The availability of frontal facial photographs from this collection provided us with an uncommon opportunity to longitudinally quantify the changes in facial dimensions from adolescence into …

A New Appliance For Forced Eruption, Monira Uddin Dds, Natia Mosheshvili Dds, Stuart Segelnick

Individual Scholarship

The purpose of these case reports is to introduce an innovative orthodontic appliance to effect forced eruption. This device is useful when attempting to erupt teeth in the esthetic zone with minimal effect on adjacent teeth. It is especially indicated for adjacent teeth with esthetic restorations. The appliance is easy to fabricate, cost-effective and very useful in forced eruption efforts for the “nonrestorable” tooth.

Calpain 10: Mitochondrial Localization, Function, And Substrates, David Darrell Arrington

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The calpain family of cysteine proteases has undergone intense study since its discovery in 1976. Although numerous functions and proteolytic substrates have been linked to this 14-member family, little is known about the five atypical calpain isoforms. Over the past 25 years, investigators have identified ‘calpain-like’ activities in mitochondrial fractions isolated from various tissues. The studies undertaken in this dissertation were designed to positively identify the mitochondrial calpain present in renal cortical mitochondria (RCM) and to elucidate its function and proteolytic targets under both basal and CA2- -challenged conditions. We identified the RCM calpain as calpain 10 by both immunoblot …

The Anti-Plaque Efficacy Of Listerine® Used In Combination With Toothbrushing In Orthodontic Patients, Zachary A. Casagrande

Theses and Dissertations

The bactericidal efficacy of Listerine®, the essential oil-containing mouthrinse, has long been recognized. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Listerine® mouthrinse, when added to the standard oral hygiene regimen, had an added benefit in reducing plaque and gingivitis development in orthodontic patients over a six-month period. 50 orthodontic patients from the Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Orthodontics were assigned either to the brushing + flossing (N= 25) or brushing + flossing + Listerine® (N = 25) group. At baseline (TI), measurements for the Ramfjord teeth were recorded for the gingival index, plaque index and bleeding index. Subsequent …

Use Of A Synthetic Substrate For Orthodontic Bond Strength Testing, Elijah B. Saikaly

Theses and Dissertations

In vitro bond strength studies are of great importance and interest since they allow the prediction of clinical success of orthodontic adhesives. There are many studies that have investigated bond strength values of bonding systems. However, due to the variation in the materials and methods employed, it is very difficult and often impossible to make comparisons among data. The use of a substrate as an alternate to enamel for mechanical tests would minimize these variables and reduce the challenges faced with in vitro bond strength tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of Macor as a …

The Effect Of Media Advertising On Consumer Perception Of Orthodontic Treatment Quality, Daenya T. Edwards

Theses and Dissertations

A survey instrument was designed to evaluate factors influencing consumer selection of an orthodontist and consumer perception of different forms of media advertising (radio, television, newspaper, magazine, direct mail, and billboard) by orthodontic practices. The surveys were distributed by 8 orthodontic offices in and around the Richmond, Virginia area. Out of 676 surveys, 655 (97%) were returned. Respondents most often cited dentist and patient referrals as how they learned of the orthodontic practices they visited (50%- 57%). However, a caring attitude and good practitioner reputation were cited as the top reasons influencing selection of an orthodontist (53% and 49% respectively). …

Treatment Effects Of Incisor Positioning On Anterior Tooth Display, Scott J. Eberle

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in maxillary incisor position on anterior tooth display (ATD) in adult (n = 21) and adolescent (n = 38) orthodontic patients. The effects of anterior-posterior, vertical, and angular changes of the maxillary central incisor position during orthodontic treatment were evaluated relative to changes in the amount of ATD measured from pretreatment (TI) and posttreatment (T2) lateral cephalometric radiographs of existing patient records.Results showed a significant relationship between starting ATD and ATD change during treatment for both adults (P = ,006) and adolescents (P

Dynamic Determinants Of Incisal Display, Shawn Paul Pesh

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The principal objective of this study was to use computer aided design (CAD) to better illustrate and quantify the relationship of mandibular arch depth, mandibular arch width, overbite, and overjet in the presence of mandibular dental crowding. To date, there has been no research examining how changes in the mandibular arch limit the orthodontist's ability to control overbite and overjet. Understanding how to effectively manage overbite and overjet are crucial to the clinician's ability to manipulate incisal display. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions of both maxillary and mandibular arches of a Caucasian patient were taken and used to pour dental stone models. …

Accuracy Of The Newtom 3g™ In Measuring The Angle Of The Articular Eminence, Rehana Khan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Newtom 3G™ in determining the angulation of the articular eminence. The benefits of conducting this study were to provide additional uses for the standard records that are taken for the purposes of orthodontic treatment, as well as evaluate the Newtom 3G™ for accuracy in measuring the anatomy of the glenoid fossa. This study required 20 participants that volunteered to allow their records to be used. Records evaluated were the Newtom 3G™, impressions, and wax check bite registrations. The wax record was taken using the 'forced bite' technique to …