Orthodontics and Orthodontology Commons^™

Skeletal And Dental Treatment Effects In Class Ii Subdivision Malocclusions: A Cbct Study, Jaime Kika Masunaga

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the skeletal and dental contributions in the orthodontic correction of Class II subdivision malocclusions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis. Methods: 50 Patients that completed non-surgical orthodontic treatment at the University of the Pacific Graduate Orthodontic Clinic with initial Class II subdivision malocclusions were identified. Patients were classified as growing or non-growing, and further categorized if a skeletal asymmetry was present. Final records were assessed with 3-dimensional CBCT. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare linear skeletal, angular, and dental measurement differences between pre- and post-treatment CBCTs on Class I and …

Characteristics Of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Flow During Orthodontic Treatment With Invisalign, Nina Stevens

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

OBJECTIVES. Studies on quantitative relationships between magnitude of force applied to a tooth root and formation of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers (volume, concentrations of cytokines, enzymes, etc.) in clinical settings are lacking. This study aims to answer the question: What can analysis of GCF flow dynamic characteristics inform us about orthodontic tooth movement in a patient treated by Invisalign? METHODS. In three participants, two GCF samples were collected from five maxillary and five mandibular teeth during start, middle and end of Invisalign treatment. Plaque index and pocket depths were determined. Periopaper strips (Oraflow) were used for collection of GCF, …

Cephalometric And Dental Changes Observed In Deep Overbite Correction Using Clear Aligners, Valerie Hernandez-Blouin

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the cephalometric and dental changes observed in nongrowing, deep overbite patients of varying mandibular planes treated with Invisalign® (Align Technology, San Jose, CA). Methods: This retrospective study included 51 patients (27 females and 24 males, aged 33.01 ± 14.74; initial overbite of 4.6 ± 0.83 mm; average treatment period of 1.89 ± 0.85 years; average refinements of 2 ± 1.51). The sample was consecutively treated at the University of the Pacific Resident Orthodontic Clinic and one private practice from 2014-2023. The sample was further divided into 2 groups: patients with an …

Assessing Treatment Effects Of Invisalign First Compared To Maxillary Expanders And Fixed Appliances In Mixed Dentition Patients, Parisa Moravedje Torbaty

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study compared vertical and transverse changes in mixed dentition patients treated with Invisalign First System (IFS) to those treated with rapid maxillary expansion and fixed appliances (RME), as well as control groups. We also assessed the efficiency of dental arch expansion with IFS. Methods: The study included 80 mixed dentition patients, with 40 in each group (IFS and RME) and 40 controls from the AAOF Legacy Collection. We analyzed skeletal and dental vertical dimension changes from lateral cephalometric radiographs and arch width changes on study casts between pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2). Results: Age at T1, …

Class Ii Malocclusion Correction With Invisalign: A Retrospective Study, Stacey Moon

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the treatment outcome of correcting class II malocclusion with maxillary molar distalization using clear aligners in both growing and nongrowing patients. Material and Methods: Total of 42 patients (31 growing and 11 non-growing) who underwent non-extraction clear aligner therapy with maxillary molar distalization were selected and compared to 20 subjects who did not undergo orthodontic treatment were selected from American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) legacy collection. Thirteen cephalometric measurements and molar relationships on the digital casts at pre-treatment (T1), end -of-active-treatment (T2) for the treatment group (growing and non-growing) and control group were …

3-D Automated Landmark Identification On Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Using In Vivo: Accuracy And Reliability, Young-Eun Stephanie Jung

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and reliability of a fully automated landmark identification (ALI) system in automatically locating landmarks, in comparison to assessments made by human judges. Materials and Methods: We collected a total of 76 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Following a calibration process, two human judges utilized In Vivo7 Software (Anatomage, San Jose, California) to locate 31 landmarks in the x, y, and z coordinate planes on the CBCT images. A ground truth dataset was created by averaging the landmark coordinates identified by the two human judges for each landmark. The accuracy …

Clinicians’ Judgment To Recommend Phase I Mixed Dentition Treatment, Yidi Liu

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

The timing and necessity of Phase I mixed dentition treatment in orthodontics have long been subjects of debate. This study aims to explore the level of agreement among clinicians in recommending Phase I treatment, the rationales behind such decisions, and the implications for Phase II treatment. MATERIALS and METHODS: A series of three surveys were administered to faculty members at the University of the Pacific, focusing on various aspects of Phase I and Phase II treatments. RESULTS: The study found a mild level of agreement among clinicians in recommending Phase I treatment, with transverse issues being the most cited reason. …

Nasoalveolar Molding In Unilateral Cleft Lip And Palate: A Three-Dimensional Analysis, Yoon Weon Christina Suh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objectives: This study aimed to three-dimensionally analyze the effects of pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Methods: The sample was collected from three centers and consisted of 132 digital dental casts of patients pre- and post- NAM. Landmarks and measurements were identified on each cast and the changes from pre- to post-NAM were recorded and analyzed. Results: Post-NAM, we observed a mean decrease of 5.18mm in 3D cleft width, 1.78mm decrease in sagittal cleft gap, 1.34mm decrease in the anterior arch width, 2.27mm increase in the posterior arch width, a greater inward rotation of the greater …

External Apical Root Resorption Of Maxillary Incisors Following Orthodontic Treatment In Patients With Short Root Anomaly: A Cbct Study, Eric Le, Jonas Bianchi, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of external apical root resorption (EARR) secondary to orthodontic treatment in patients with Short Root Anomaly (SRA) using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at the University of the Pacific Orthodontic Clinic. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, CBCTs of forty-eight SRA patients who underwent orthodontic treatment were selected from the graduate orthodontic clinic. CBCTs before and after treatment were analyzed to measure root length changes on the upper central and lateral incisors. Results: Differences between the two methods of assessing SRA severity occurred between categorizing mild and moderate …

Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Skeletal Changes And Stability In Fixed Orthodontics Vs. Invisalign Therapy In Patients Undergoing Surgery First Approach, Mojan Mirnia, Hyeon-Shik Hwang, Jonas Bianchi

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The objective of this retrospective longitudinal study was to assess and compare the surgical changes and stability of the maxilla, mandible, and mandibular condyle, in patients who have undergone surgery first approach (SFA) followed by conventional braces or Invisalign (Inv) treatment. Methods: Thirty patients had a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exam taken at three timepoints: T1 (presurgery), T2 (immediately after surgery), and T3 at the completion of orthodontics treatment. After the cranial base registration, twenty-seven landmarks were located on each time point using axial, sagittal, and coronal cross-sectional views in the ITK-SNAP software. In addition, seventeen skeletal angular …

Efficacy Of Caries Detection And Characterization Using Near-Infrared Imaging Technology In The Itero Element 5d Intraoral Scanner In Comparison To Clinical-Reference Standard Bitewing Radiographs In A Pediatric Population, Kyle Cuenin, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Near infrared imaging (NIRI) uses non-ionizing radiation in the near-infrared spectrum to differentially scatter light off tooth surfaces. This generates images that allow for interproximal caries detection, which have been proposed as an alternative to radiographic detection. The new iTero Element 5D intraoral scanner (Align Technology) has integrated NIRI capture and viewing technology but has not been specifically studied in a pediatric population. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess clinicians’ abilities to detect and characterize caries in pediatric patients using this instrument. Methods: Bitewing (BW) radiographs and a NIRIenabled intraoral scan were captured on 17 pediatric …

Searching For Association Of Gsk3Β Rs13314595, Msx1 Rs3821949, Tgfβ3 Rs3917201, And Bmp4 Rs17563 With Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip And Palate, Gabrielle Wainwright, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Mirek Tolar

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NCL±P) is characterized by a multifactorial etiology with both genetic and environmental factors playing a role in its embryonic development. Recent genetic studies have identified susceptibility loci and genetic variations in several genes that were associated with the risk of developing NCL±P. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of MSX1, BMP4, TGFβ3, and GSK3β gene variants with NCL±P in a casecontrol data set from Karaikal, India. Methods: The case sample consisted of 331 individuals who were diagnosed with CL (bi/unilateral cleft lip), CLP (bi/unilateral cleft lip and …

The Outcome And Stability Of Anterior Open Bite Treatment With Clear Aligners In Adults, Heeyeon Suh, Kimberly Mahood, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the outcome and stability of the anterior open bite treatment with clear aligners. Methods: Fifty-two adult anterior open bite patients who underwent nonextraction clear aligner treatment were enrolled. All cases were retained with upper and lower fixed and vacuum-formed retainers. Eleven cephalometric measurements at pretreatment (T1), end-of-active-treatment (T2), and at least 1-year post-treatment (T3) were evaluated. The changes during the treatment and retention period were calculated. Results: Mean end-of-treatment (T2) overbite was 1.1 ± 0.7 mm. The mean change in overbite during treatment was 3.3 ± 1.5 mm. Mean retention (T3) overbite was 1.3 …

Assessment Of Skeletal Changes And Mandibular Plane In Growing Patients Treated With Miniscrew Assisted (Marpe) And Conventional Rapid Palatal Expansion Using Cbct Images, Daniel Voorhees, Jonas Bianchi, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Background: Maxillary expansion has long been used in children and adolescents for transverse discrepancies and dental crowding. With age, the mid-palatal suture becomes increasingly mature, requiring heavy, rapid force in order to achieve skeletal expansion. As an individual grows into adulthood, it has been demonstrated that a skeletally anchored expander can be used in order to achieve successful sutural separation. The side effects between these two types of expanders, including dental tipping with relative extrusion of buccal segments and clockwise mandibular rotation, have been demonstrated to have differences in their degrees of severity. However, most of the studies have evaluated …

Class Iii Correction Using Clear Aligner Therapy In Adult Patients, Kyra Lee, Kimberly Mahood, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: This study was designed to analyze the cephalometric changes in adult Class III malocclusion treated with clear aligner therapy. Methods: In this retrospective study, thirty-six Class III adult patients treated with clear aligner therapy in private practice and a graduate orthodontic clinic were included in this study. Inclusion criteria included patients aged 18 years and older, Class III molar relationship that is end-on or greater, at least one anterior tooth that is in crossbite or incisors in an edge-to-edge bite, and complete records (initial and final lateral cephalograms) that are clear and traceable. Twenty-two cephalometric measurements were measured and …

Early Prediction Of The Need For Orthognathic Surgery In Patients With Cleft Lip And Palate Using Skeletal And Soft Tissue Cephalometric Landmarks, Bianca Amy Lau, James Chen, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Postgraduate Endodontic Programs In The United States, Bianca Aboubakare, James Chen, Johnah C. Galicia

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified as an acute infectious disease in Wuhan, China and subsequently led to an ongoing pandemic. At the onset of the pandemic, dental professionals were understood to face the greatest exposure risk to SARS-Cov-2 due to aerosolization of fluids from the oral cavity and respiratory airways . As a result, dental professionals, including academic institutions and their students and residents halted much of their operations to minimize exposure risks and potentially slow the spread of infection to peers and patients alike. Currently, there is little in the literature that describes …

The Influence Of Cbct-Derived 3d-Printed Models On Endodontic Microsurgical Treatment Planning And Confidence Of The Operator, Shreyas Oza, Johnah C. Galicia

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Aims Use of 3D printed models in Endodontics has been gaining popularity since the technology to create them became more affordable. Currently, there are no studies that evaluate the influence of 3D models on endodontic surgical treatment planning and on operator confidence. Therefore, aims of this study were to: (i) Determine whether the availability of a 3D printed analogue can influence treatment-planning and operator confidence; and, (ii) Assess which factors of operator confidence are influenced, if any.

Materials and Methods Endodontists were asked to analyze a pre-selected CBCT scan of an endodontic surgical case and to answer a questionnaire that …

Variants Of Facial Shape Genes In Patients With Class Ii Or Class I Malocclusion, Mahsa Mortazavi, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Mirek Tolar

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Background and purpose: In recent years, questions regarding the genetic and environmental factors affecting variation in human craniofacial morphology have received increasing attention. Medical and clinical genetic research using family studies has proven foundational for our understanding of which genes affect craniofacial variation. On the other hand, cephalometricbased studies showed a relationship between the cranial base and midface characteristics among individuals with different skeletal pattern of malocclusion. The purpose of our pilot study was to analyze specific variants of facial genes that were suggested to be associated with cranial base width and depth in Class II and Class I malocclusions. …

Variants Of Pax Gene Family In Patients With Class Ii Or Class I Malocclusion, Mana Naeim, Marie M. Tolarová Md, Phd, Drsc, Mirek Tolar

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Background and Purpose. Orthodontic treatment helps to ensure proper function of teeth and to create healthy smiles. To this aim, the orthodontist’s goal is establishment of an esthetic harmony between soft and hard tissues of the face. Dimensions of facial width and height are crucial for accurate diagnosis and formulation of an efficient treatment plan. A knowledge of genetic determinants of these dimensions in Class II patients will deepen our understanding of etiology of skeletal Class II malocclusions and would make it possible to personalize a patient’s treatment plan. The purpose of our pilot study was to analyze, if specific …

Utilization Of A New Web-Based Application For Case Difficulty Assessment As A Predictor For Procedural Errors In Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment, Watraat Unmona Hasanat

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: There are currently no established guidelines to determine which cases general practitioners should refer to an endodontist for root canal treatment. The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) has developed the EndoCase mobile application (ECA), which utilizes either a full or abridged rubric to assign case difficulty level and provide referral guidelines to general practitioners and dental students. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the abridged criteria of the EndoCase application can help predict the incidence of procedural errors in nonsurgical root canal treatment of mandibular molars in an undergraduate dental clinic based on the difficulty …

Removable Appliance Therapy For Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment, Vikas Gupta, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Socioeconomically disadvantaged children have limited access to orthodontic services not only because of their families’ competing needs for limited resources, but also because of the limited availability of orthodontists in their communities and a shortage of orthodontists who are willing to treat patients enrolled in Medicaid. We will systematically explore the hypothesis that an early interceptive treatment protocol using removable appliances provides the same treatment outcome but better cost-effectiveness than a traditional fixed-appliance protocol. Methods: Interim data on a prospective study with patients being treated either in private practice with rational fixed Phase I orthodontic treatment (n=11) or in …

Comparison Of Maxillary Expansion Between Clear Aligners And Removable Expansion Appliance In The Mixed Dentition, Micaela Zaverdinos, Paul Kasrovi, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Orthodontic and orthopedic expansion is necessary to create space to resolve crowding due to arch deficiency or tooth size discrepancy. The Invisalign First clear aligner appliance as a modality for early interceptive orthodontic treatment has become incorporated into orthodontic practices in very recent years. The present study aims to investigate the magnitude of expansion of the Invisalign First clear aligner appliance compared to a Schwartz removable expander in patients with mixed dentition. Additionally, the study aims to compare the efficacy and predictability of Invisalign First clear aligners in this population. Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, a sample …

Accuracy And Reliability Of A Fully Automated Landmark Identification System On Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Ali Ghowsi, David Hatcher, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medical imaging continues to play an increasing role in health care and is an integral part of medicine and dentistry. Recent technological advancements have led to the development of fully automated landmark identification (ALI) systems capable of tracing Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an ALI system as a tool for automatic landmark location compared to human judges. Methods: One hundred subjects’ CBCT volumes from multiple imaging centers were traced by two human judges who were calibrated and had an ICC close to 1. Fifty-three landmarks were …

Complications Reported In Maxillary Skeletal Expansion, Jacqueline Payne, Audrey Yoon, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the types and prevalence of complications following MARPE protocol at University of the Pacific and to investigate the complication of asymmetry using CBCT analysis. Methods: In the first portion of this study, 97 patients who started treatment prior to July 2020 and who had MARPE expander treatment at the University of the Pacific were included. Chart review and evaluation of progress clinical photographs were used to report the following complications: inflammation, pain, appliance malfunction, broken microscrew, and pulpitis. In the second portion of this study, 77 patients from a private practice …

1 Long Term Impact Of Microimplant Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion On Soft Tissue Nasal Morphology, Laura Chew, Heeyeon Suh, Joorok Park, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: When skeletal transverse discrepancies exist between the maxilla and mandible, they commonly manifest in dental malocclusion. If left uncorrected, the malocclusion can lead to periodontal issues, tooth fractures, tooth loss, or other significant dental problems. Utilization of microimplants in palatal expansion aims to correct transverse discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible by separating the palatal suture in a parallel manner aimed at maximizing skeletal changes and minimizing dental side effects. Overlying soft tissue changes can be affected by the induced skeletal changes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate skeletal expansion and the overlying soft tissue change that …

Patient And Parent Perceptions On Outcomes In Early Orthodontic Treatment, Joseph Phillips, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Orthodontics has clinical benefits, however, the psychosocial outcomes are not well understood. These soft benefits are often classified as aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial, however, there is limited work understanding these outcomes as reported directly from the patient. By better understanding the patient’s perspectives, we can continually refine our clinical model to be patient-centric and more appropriately manage the patient’s expectations and experiences. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional qualitative study of 20 parents of 24 children ages 8-11 years. Participants were remotely interviewed using a semi-structured chronologically based line of questioning to elucidate their perceived outcomes of early …

Efficiency And Effectiveness Of Arch Expansion With Corticotomy-Assisted Clear Aligner Therapy, Thomas Roblee, Robert R. Boyd, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: Surgically Facilitated Orthodontic Therapy (SFOT) has been utilized for years to overcome the limitations encountered with traditional orthodontic treatment of dentoalveolar and alveoloskeletal malocclusions. The procedure, which consists of full flap corticotomies and bone grafting, has many proposed benefits including increased speed and range of tooth movement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate arch expansion in patients treated with SFOT and clear aligners. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was used to evaluate 51 consecutive adult patients that were treatment planned for significant arch expansion with corticotomies, bone grafting, and clear aligners. 17 of the …

Prevalence Of Short Root Anomaly In Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment, Tim Howarth, James Chen, Heesoo Oh

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate variance in prevalence and severity of short root anomaly (SRA) in patients seeking orthodontic treatment, stratified by ethnicity and sex. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated 896 patients who had initial cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) taken from July 1, 2014 to May 30, 2019. Panoramic radiographs and images from the CBCTs of each patient were extracted and placed in a database. The crown-to-root ratio of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and all pre-molars were evaluated to determine the presence, severity and associations of SRA. A Chi-square …

Prediction Of Class Iii Treatment Need And Success, Andrew Levin, James Chen

Orthodontics and Endodontics Theses

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to develop prognostic models for surgical need and treatment success for class III malocclusions. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated treatment outcomes of consecutively treated patients at UCSF from Jan 1st 2007-Jan 1st 2012 and UoP from May 1st, 2014 – May 1st 2019. Receiver operator curves were used to develop prognostic models for surgical need and treatment success for class III malocclusions. Predictor variables were selected a priori (Class III-WITS, U1-PP, IMPA). The prognostic models were validated first using a UCSF validation cohort to show consistency …