Orthodontics and Orthodontology Commons^™

The Role Of The Articular Eminence In Mandibular Protrusion, Norman E. Corbett

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Since movements of the TMJ may be translatory, rotary, or both, the form of the articular eminence becomes an integral part of the anatomy of the joint and is important in an understanding of TMJ function. A cephalometric technique was developed to accurately determine the anatomical form of the articular eminence. From a series of cephalograms, taken in various mandibular positions, the protrusive condylar path was determined. This path was also determined from a gnathological recording technique. The paths obtained were observed to be the same. The condylar path and articular eminence curves were mathematically expressed by computer programmed quadratic …

Correlation Of The Epiphyseal Closure And Ossification Of The Ulnar Sesamoid Bone Of The Metacarpophalangeal Joint Of The Thumb, Hilbert Lentz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there is a correlation between the times of closure of the epiphyses of the hand and the time of ossification of the ulnar sesamoid of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.

The time for these events was studied in twenty-three males and fourteen females for which appropriate hand radiographs were available. Radiographs were made every three months and epiphyseal closure was studied in these beginning with the one in which the sesamoid first appeared. The maximum time for study after sesamoid closure was twenty-four months.

Only one subject showed complete closure …

A Comparative Roentgenographic Cephalometric Study Of The Facial Profile Of Orthodontic Patients Treated At Loma Linda University With Winners Of The "Smiles Of The Year" Contest, Romeo I. Stoll

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The "Smiles of the Year" winners and patients treated at Loma Linda University by the extraction or non-extraction approach were compared by linear and angular variables of skeletal, dental and soft tissue components. These findings were analyzed statistically to determine significant differences in the profile and detect the relationship between the integument and hard structures.

The following conclusions were drawn from this investigation to reflect the trend of treatment at Loma Linda University.

1. After treatment the patients had less skeletal convexity, but were more convexity than established standards.
2. The incisors of the patients treated by the extraction approach were less …

Some Aspects Of Cranial Bone Growth In The Puberal Macaca Mulatta Monkey: As Evidenced By Metallic Implants And Cephalometric Roentgenography And The Application Of A Geological Lapidary Technique For The Semi-Serial Thin Sectioning Of Undecalcified Bone, Lee Eugene Olsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate cranial and facial bone growth in the puberal Macaca mulatta monkey over a six month period utilizing the methods of metallic implantation combined with serial cephalometric roentgenography and a bichromatic vital staining method.

The employment of the vital stains, alizarin Red S and anthracene blue, over the six month period of the study, failed to stain the actively growing bone as evidenced by gross and microscopic analysis of the undecalcified bone preparations.

Interimplant measurements were made across certain bone sutures and the following results were obtained: The zygomaticotemporal sutures showed marked growth …

A Comparison Between Differences Of Body-Image And Self-Concept For Pre- And Post-Treatment Orthodontic Patients, Roy D. Atkin

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively address the three following questions:

1. Does orthodontic treatment when administered to the adolescent patient produce changes in his or her body-image and self-concept?

2. In which areas of the body does the patient experience changes in body image after orthodontic treatment?

3. What significance or value does the patient place on orthodontic treatment relative to changes in the subject's life?

In seeking answers to the above questions, a questionnaire was given to a group of 138 male and female orthodontic patients.

Results of the study indicate that (1) total body-image and self-concept are …

A Cephalometric, Anatomic And Histologic Investigation Of The Effects Resulting From A Heavy Interrupted Orthopedic Force To The Maxilla Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Roger Wayne Triftshauser

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine changes that occur in the craniofacial complex, when a heavy interrupted orthopedic force is employed to retract the maxilla in the post puberal rhesus monkey. Cephalometric, histologic and anatomic examinations were utilized to substantiate the findings.

Four female rhesus monkeys were used for experimentation. Two were experimental animals and the other two controls. Cervical retraction with headgear was applied over a period of 313 days and 159 days to the two experimental animals. Forces not exceeding 2.5 lbs. were found most effective.

The findings were as follows:-

1. A total posterior displacement of …

Craniofacial Changes Resulting From Expansion Of The Midpalatal Suture In The Macaca Mulatta Monkey As Revealed By Roentgenographic Analysis, Raymond M. Sugiyama

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of midpalatal suture separation on the craniofacial complex by quantitative roentgenographic analysis.

Ten female Macaca mulatta monkeys were randomly grouped for experimentation. Six animals were paired in groups for two months of treatment, four months of treatment followed by two months of post retention, and six months of treatment. The four remaining monkeys were paired and served as control animals for two and six month periods. Total activation of the expansion appliances in the treated animals was completed over a three week period.

The findings of this study were based …

Masseter Muscle Position Relative To Skeletal Open Bite And Skeletal Closed Bite, Alonzo David Proctor

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Modification of cephalometric roentgenographic procedures provided a means to identify the anterior borders of the right and left masseter muscles and relate them to surrounding dentoskeletal elements. Attachment of short, stiff, wires to the cheeks in a position superficial to the anterior borders of the muscles, subsequent to palpation and prior to exposure of the roentgenographic film, was the procedure used. The bi-lateral images projected on the film were averaged and traced along with dentoskeletal elements including those associated with skeletal type. This line representing the anterior border of the musculature was used to assess muscle position in the vertical …

Forced Separation And Consequent Stability Of The Midpalatal Suture Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Frederick L. Hoffer Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to (1) demonstrate the dimensional changes resulting from opening the suture, (2) test the stability of the repaired suture two months following the removal of the retentive appliance, and (3) demonstrate new bone growth in the opened suture by the use of Tetracycline staining. The animal chosen was the Macaca mulatta monkey.

Intact skulls, sectioned skulls and dental casts were measured following the experiment. The skulls were mounted in clear plastic and sectioned antero-posteriorly for the purposes of study and measurements. The following changes were noted as a result of this experiment:

1. The floor of the …

The Advantages Of A Condyle-Gnathion Reference Line In Roentgenographic Cephalometry, Ernest N. Chan

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Evaluation of the cephalograms of 150 patients showed a wide range in the angulation of the lower border of the mandible to the various facial planes. The degree of this angulation did not always correspond with the severity of malocclusion. Group I represents normal occlusions, Group II comprises malocclusions.

A new reference line is submitted for the investigation of its advantages in cephalometric roentgenography. The mandibular radius drawn through the geometric center of the condyle to the point gnathion is correlated with several indices of facial growth, namely (1) ANB difference, (2) upper facial:lower facial height and (3) PoNB distance …

The Development Of An Instrument For Three Dimensional Analysis Of Micron Quantities Of Tooth Movement, M. Clark Lamberton

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

In order to quantitate initial tooth movement in response to forces applied to the tooth crown, an instrument for intraoral use has been developed. The photomicrometer consists of nine photosensitive cells mounted in an assembly of two layers. Eight of the cells were mounted to form X and Y axes, top layer and bottom layer, to measure horizontal movements. The ninth cell was mounted in the center of the bottom layer and was used for alignment and for measurements in the Z or vertical axis. The photocell assembly was approximately 10 mm diameter and 6 mm high. This assembly when …

Roentgenographic Evaluation Of Nasion-Menton And Sella-Gonion Measurements And Their Relationship To The Mandibular Plane Angle, David I. Asatani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A convenience sample of 480 Caucasians using original diagnostic cephalometric films was selected to evaluate the nasion-menton and sella-gonion distances and their relationship to the mandibular plane angle.

The anterior facial height was represented by the nasion-menton plane. The posterior facial height was represented by sella-gonion plane. The facial depth was represented by sella-nasion and menton-gonion planes. The mandibular plane angle was represented by the intersection of the sella-nasion and menton-gonion planes.

The descriptive data, correlation analysis, and regression analysis was calculated for the following groups: total sample, females, males, prepubertal and postpubertal ages and various mandibular plane angles of …

Sex Determination By Cephalometry And Odontometry, Clair R. Hopkins Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Plaster casts of teeth and lateral cephalometric roentgenograms were studied to see with what degree of accuracy sex could be determined. The sample considered was made up of one hundred and forth-four individuals--50 males and 94 females--being treated in the Graduate Orthodontic Department of the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry. The age range for the boys was from 15 to 19 and for the girls, from 14 to 20. Data was obtained for the following variables from tracings of the roentgenograms and from the dental casts:

1. Glabello-occipital length
2. Articulate to nasion
3. The gonial angle of the mandible
4. Prosthion to …

A Cephalometric Study Of The Face And Dentition Of Several Contemporary Western United States And Alaskan Eskimo Groups, Robert C. Parkard

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A total of 223 cephalometric radiographs selected from six contemporary western United States and Alaskans native groups were analyzed by use of the Bjork cephalometric analysis. Those native groups selected were the Eskimos, Apaches, Navajos, Papagos, Pimas and Mayos. Approximately thirty to forty natives from each group were used in the study with ages ranging from thirteen to thirty-five years. The majority were in the fifteen to twenty year age range.

All data was submitted to various statistical analyses to establish a mean, standard deviation, and other relevant values for each of the native groups and to compare these values …

Dimensional Changes Induced By Forced Separation Of The Midpalatal Suture Of The Macaca Mulatta Monkey, Roland Dick Walters

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to give a graphic portrayal of the gross changes in occlussal [sic] relationship and the spacial relationship of the bony elements of the mid-face region as produced by palatal expansive forces. The animal of choice was the Macaca mulatta monkey.

The intact skulls were measured following the invivo experiment. The skulls were then mounted in clear plastic and sectioned anteroposterior in order to study and measure the sections which revealed the third dimension perspective.

It has been determined that a strong force can cause a disjunction of the midpalatal suture, that the opened suture …

Mandibular And Alveolar Growth In Dog Following Infusion Of 5-Fluorouricil, Richard D. Pfeiffer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The action of a chemotherapeutic agent as a tool in studying its effect upon a primary growth center, the mandibular condyle, was investigated. So far as can be ascertained, no studies have been reported where these growth sites have been eliminated or modified by the use of chemotherapeutic growth inhibitors.

Observation of mandibular and alveolar growth following the infusion into the left external carotid artery of a cancer chemotherapeutic agent, 5-Fluorouricil (Roach-Hoffman), was noted. Comparisons were made between the infused and the uninfused sides of the mandible observing gross growth changes.

Four dogs, aged 75 days, were infused with varying …

An Odontometric Study Of Five Contemporary Western United States Indian And Alaskan Eskimo Groups, John A. Matis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The morphologic characteristics of the oral cavity in five contemporary Western Indian and Alaskan Eskimo groups have been investigated by the use of study models of the dental archs. The sample consisted of 216 individuals, including 44 Navajos, 43 Apaches, 40 Papagos, 42 Pimas and 47 Alaskan Eskimos.

The first purpose of the study was to determine the extent of investigator error. This was accomplished by remeasuring many morphologic traits of the dentition in 125 Indians which had previously been measured by different investigators using the same study models. It was found that investigator error can be significant, even in …

Using A Computer Model To Study The Force Distribution On The Root Of The Maxillary Central Incisor, E. Jan Davidian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A computer model of a human maxillary central incisor was devised to predict the momentary center of rotation of a tooth when a force was applied to the crown. The root of a tooth was divided up into a series of small segments to simulate the resisting forces set up along the root by the periodontal fibers. Each segment was assumed to resist a force in proportion to its area.

To study a tooth in a state of static equilibrium, two conditions must be met. The vector sum of all the forces acting on the tooth must equal zero, and …

A Method To Determine Curved Surface Laminagraphic Width And Position In Panoral Radiography Utilizing The Panorex X-Ray Unit, Gary G. Morikone

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Although the Panorex X-ray unit has been in existence for almost a decade, no information is publicly available relative to the determination of its laminagraphic slice width or position.

In order to utilize the machine most effectively as a research tool, it seems imperative that this width and position be established.

For the purpose of establishing the spatial relationship within the exposure mechanism, the two eccentric rotational axes were first located. Utilizing a positioning device, ten panoral radiographs of a plastic working dummy with metallic implants were exposed at varying exposure readings. The resultant radiographs, revealing varying degrees of accuracy …

An Anthropometric Study Of The Face And Dentition Of The Papago Indian At The Stewart Indian School, Carson City, Nevada, Stephen J. Christensen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The dentition and craniofacial complex of the Papago Indian was studied and compared to other groups. Casts of plaster and lateral cephalometric roentgenograms were obtained from 31 Papago Indians who were from southwestern Arizona and were attending high school at the Stewart Indian Boarding School, Carson City, Nevada. The individuals were between the ages of 13 and 20 years and had normal jaw relationships with no contiguous missing teeth. Data was obtained for the following variables from an oral examination, dental casts and tracings of the roentgenograms:

1. Degree of shovel shape of the maxillary centrals.
2. Frequency of cusp of Carabelli. …

An Anthropometric Study Of The Face And Dentition Of The Pima Indian Population At The Stewart Indian School, Carson City, Nevada, Wilmonte Lee Penner

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Study casts and cephalograms were obtained on 18 female and 21 male Pima Indian students from the Stewart Indian Boarding School, Carson City, Nevada. Dentitional characteristics were assessed both clinically and by study casts. Cranio-facial analyses were performed by utilizing the skeletal and denture pattern variables suggested by the Downs and Riedel cephalometric analyses.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine the extent to which the Pima conforms to the Mongoloid master pattern, and (2) to test whether or not significant differences exist between the Pima and other Mongoloid groups which would allow discrimination.

The results of …

A Procedure For The Measurement Of Glosso-Maxillary Forces, Howard L. Lilly Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a clinically feasible procedure for recording the magnitudes of glosso-maxillary forces at four palatal loci using an electronic transducer system described by Lear et, al. (1965). Of particular interest was the development of a convenient and accurate calibration device for both intraoral and extraoral application. A further object of interest was the effect an acrylic carrier plate might introduce to the magnitude of force response. Finally whether or not any significant adaptation to the carrier plate or to the transducers occurs during a reasonable testing period (six to seven hours).

A calibration …

Documentation Of Tooth Movement Utilizing Panoral Radiography, Robert M. Hauck

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Tooth movement has been documented utilizing the panoral radiograph. A positioning device, attached to the XRM Panorex X-Ray machine, was the means of patient orientation for the necessary radiographs required during the course of this investigation.

A group of ten beginning orthodontic patients, each requiring cuspid retraction, was chosen for evaluation of tooth position. Three contemporary retraction devices were employed during the course of this study. Tooth position was documented by use of panoral radiography during the retraction of these teeth.

The panoral radiographs were taken at monthly intervals over a period of eleven months for each patient. Composite tracings …

An Anthropometric Study Of The Face And Dentition Of The Apache Indian Population At The Stewart Indian School, Garold D. Becker

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Cephalometric and dental morphology records were obtained from forty-three contemporary Apache Indian subjects (living at the Stewart Boarding School for Indians, Carson City, Nevada) to study the cranial, facial, skeletal and dentitional patterns and compare discriminately to other contemporary North American Indian groups: Pima, Papago, Mayo and Chamula. Materials on other Indian tribes considered were obtained from studies completed at Loma Linda University. The data obtained from dental morphology analysis of the Apache Indian subjects was com pared to the Mongoloid Master Pattern (1-4) as described by Moorrees (1957).

The contemporary Apache Indian conformed to the Mongoloid Master Pattern for …

An Analysis Of Orthodontic Treatment Results, William S. Asano

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A study of orthodontic treatment results was made on forty patients treated by the graduate students Loma Linda University. The purpose of the study was to determine the treatment changes in patients treated in the graduate clinic. The study was based on the findings of the cephalometric and full mouth radiographs. The distribution of the malocclusions were similar to those found in other studies. The group of forty patients was divided for paired comparisons of type of malocclusion, length of treatment, and extraction of teeth. Statistical correlations were computed on every change investigated in this study.

The Steiner Analysis and …

Mandibular Resting Posture : An Electromyographic Evaluation, Carroll L. Bright

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Mandibular resting posture is the positional expression of cranial-facial morphology and the myotatic reflex of its contiguous musculature.

Alteration of sensory input to the main sensory, mesencephalic and motor nucleus of the Fifth nerve in a myotalic reflex system, theoretically should result in changes or alteration in motor response.

The purpose of this study was then to examine post interference phenomena as noted by amplitude variations within muscles during centric occlusion and cyclic chewing and to block its expression via mandibular nerve anesthesia.

A Faraday cage was utilized to completely enclose the experimental subject and a 5P5 polygraph was used …

Mayo Dental Morphology, Val K. Artress

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The Mayo Indian of Sonora, Mexico, was selected for a study of dental morphology. The objectives of the investigation were to determine the extent to which the Mayo conformed to the four criteria of the Mongoloid dental master pattern, and to compare eight other specific tooth morphologic characteristics with like studies on Mongoloid and non-Mongoloid peoples. Plaster casts were made on a sample of forty-one Mayos.

The results of the study indicate that Mayos exhibit a 46 percent frequency of shovel-shape maxillary incisors, classifying "moderate shovel" and "shovel" together. The maxillary central-lateral width difference of 1.5 mm is small compared …

Development Of A Positioning Device For Use In Conjunction With Panoral Radiography, Ray M. Hymer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A cephalometric positioning device has been developed for use on the XRM Panorex X-Ray machine. Tests have demonstrated that the variability in producing serial radiographs with this device is comparable to, or less than, that currently accepted in conventional radiographic cephalometry.

Two procedures for obtaining serial radiographs were employed. Two patients were used for the first procedure and three patients were used in the second procedure.

In the first procedure each patient was positioned in the device and two radiographs were taken in sequence without disturbing the patient.

In the second procedure three clinic patients were used as subjects and …

The Piezoelectric Effect Of Bone In Vitro, Lloyd E. Gauntt

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The mechanism of bone deposition and resorption, under stress, is incompletely understood. The direct piezoelectric properties of bone have been suggested as playing an active role in the internal morphology of bone tissue.

This study was designed to fabricate an apparatus and develop a technique to measure, quantitatively, the direct piezoelectric effect of the crystallites of bone.

In vitro studies were done with bone samples taken from bovine femur. The samples were subjected to stress loading and were observed to exhibit a pressure-induced electrical phenomenon. The amplitude of the potentials generated was dependent upon the magnitude of the bony deformation. …

Root Surface Area Related To Anchorage In The Begg Technique, Donald Copeland Freeman

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Almost two hundred years ago Hunter recognized the necessity of extracting teeth to ’’procure room for the others which are to be brought into the arch.” He further noted that, ”To extract an irregular tooth would answer but little purpose if no alteration could be made in the situation of the rest.”¹

Extraction of selected teeth to gain room for the proper placement of the rest, and the subsequent procedures to utilize this space to the utmost advantage, have been integral parts of orthodontic treatment for many years.

Strang and Thompson² stated that the ability to manipulate any …