Exercise Science Commons^™

Accuracy Of Self-Reported Height And Weight In Collegiate Athletes, Jacob Hausch

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not athletes are able to self-report accurate, unbiased height and weight. Fifty-seven Eastern Michigan University athletes and forty EMU non-athlete students volunteered for this study. After completing an informed consent, the participants filled out an online questionnaire in which they self-reported their heights and weights. Then, a member of the research team measured the participants’ heights and weights in a private room. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare the self-reported heights and weights to the measured values. Results were categorized by sport, gender and body size of the participants. …

Biomechanical Comparison Of "Old" And "New" Cheer Shoes In Collegiate Cheerleaders, Abigail C. Johnson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: The sport of cheerleading requires that athletes perform with a high degree of flexibility, strength, endurance, and balance. The leading injury in cheerleading is a lateral, inversion, ankle sprain. As footwear serves as an interface between the foot and the surrounding environment, characteristics of shoes should be monitored to determine the effects on proprioceptive communication. No previous literature was found that examined the biomechanical differences between “Old” and “New” shoes in collegiate cheerleaders. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical differences exhibited by collegiate cheerleaders while performing balance testing and step-down, landing tasks in “old” …

Experiences In Physical Education With Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis Case Study, Katherine Holland, Justin A. Haegele, Xihe Zhu, Ellie Brady

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine physical education (PE) experiences from the perspective of an adult with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) research approach was used, and one male (age 32) with Bardet-Biedl syndrome acted as the participant. Sources of data included a semi-structured, audiotaped telephone interview and reflective interview notes. The interview was transcribed verbatim and data were analyzed thematically using a two-step approach informed by the IPA. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) "We were pretty much good friends": The teacher's influence, (b) "You're different, must destroy": Bullying and negative peer interactions, and …

The Effects Of Acute Bouts Of Aerobic And Resistance Exercise On Neuroplasticity, Michael Shafer

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Neuroplasticity takes place when acquiring new skills, after damage to the nervous system, and as a result of sensory deprivation (5). It can also take place due to exercise (11)(22). Few studies exist that look at the effects of anaerobic/resistance training and its effects on Neuroplasticity in humans, as the majority of research found delves into how resistance training can help at the subcortical and spinal level of the body, not in the brain (1). The aim of this study was to determine whether resistance training is as effective as aerobic training at improving neuroplasticity. Five competitive Weightlifters (3 females, …

Metabolic And Cardiovascular Marker Alterations During Critical Training In Wildland Firefighters, Shae Gurney

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Introduction: Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) are confronted with numerous physical and mental stressors. Pre-fire season includes an intense 2-week critical training (CT) period; a preparatory phase of multiple activities that can result in injury, illness, and rhabdomyolysis. The purpose of this study was to identify physiologic changes in metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers during 2 weeks of CT in WLFFs.

Methods: Eighteen male (29.4 ± 1.1 yr, 182.1 ± 1.6 cm) and three female (26.7  2.6 yr, 169.5  4.2 cm) participants were recruited from a Type I interagency hotshot crew and monitored over their 2-week CT. Fitness was …

Muscle Soreness And Damage During Wildland Firefighter Critical Training, Katherine Sue Christison

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Introduction: Wildland firefighters (WLFF) undergo a critical training (CT) period immediately before the firefighting season. The intensity of CT exercise could lead to muscle damage, as previously reported cases of rhabdomyolysis in WLFFs have been documented. This study established the effects of activities performed during a two-week CT period on acute markers of muscle damage in WLFFs.

Methods: 18 male and 3 female Type I Interagency Hotshot WLFFs were studied during a 14-day critical training period. Upper- (US) and lower-body (LS) muscle soreness and daily body weight (BW) scales were collected. Venous blood was collected on Days 1, 4, 8, …

Exogenous Fluid Delivery Schedule And Composition On Fluid Balance, Physiologic Strain, And Substrate Use In The Heat, Alejandro M. Rosales

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Introduction: Wildfire suppression is characterized by high total energy expenditures and water turnover rates. Hydration position stands outline hourly fluid intake rates. However, dose interval remains ambiguous. We aimed to determine the effects of micro- and bolus-dosing water (MW, BW) or carbohydrate-electrolyte (MCE, BCE) solutions on fluid balance, heat stress, and carbohydrate oxidation during extended thermal exercise. Methods: Males (n=12), in a repeated measures cross-over design, completed 4, 120-minute treadmill trials (1.3 m^.s^-1, 5% grade, 33°C, 30%RH) wearing a USFS uniform and 15kg pack. Fluid delivery approximated losses calculated from a pre-experiment familiarization …

Improving Health Literacy As A Method Of Increasing Adherence In Institutionalized Geriatric Physical Therapy Patients, Kathryn Grace Stoehr Tiemessen

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The global population of long-term care facility (LTCF) residents > 65 years of age has high rates of sedentary behavior, and is expected to increase in number in the coming years. LTCF residents benefit from physical therapy, which can increase patients’ activity levels while treating symptoms of the inevitable aging process. A novel method is needed to increase LTCF resident adherence to physical therapy programs (PTPs). Health literacy (HL), which is the ability to interpret and understand health related information, presents as one such method to increase patient adherence. The geriatric population has the lowest HL rates out of all adult …

Compensatory Inactivity In Female Collegiate Soccer Players, Caylee Costello

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To measure the physical activity levels of Division I collegiate female soccer players with the use of accelerometers to help determine compensatory changes and help establish appropriate training rhythms through the course of a season.
Design: 25 female Division I soccer players volunteered to participate in a 7-day observational study. Players wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer during waking hours. Five second epochs were recorded and age appropriate physical activity cut points were used to determine the minutes of sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity …

Where Do We Go From Here? A Forward-Thinking Vision For Physiology Undergraduate Education, Nancy M. Aguilar-Roca, Lisa C. Anderson, Anne R. Crecelius, Michelle B. French, Katie Johnson, Jenny L. Mcfarland, Jennifer Rogers, Claudia I. Stanescu, Erica A. Wehrwein

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This paper is a summary of the special collection of papers in Advances in Physiology Education dedicated to the Physiology Majors Interest Group (P-MIG). P-MIG is a new and vibrant community (1, 2) of educators and administrators who are united by the common goal of creating physiology courses, curricula and programs that will prepare our students for the future. It is an independent consortium that welcomes anyone interested in physiology education at the level of the undergraduate degree in physiology and physiology-related fields. As demonstrated by this special collection of papers of Advances in Physiology Education, P-MIG has already made …

Emphasizing Task-Specific Hypertrophy To Enhance Sequential Strength And Power Performance, S. Kyle Travis, Ai Ishida, Christopher B. Taber, Andrew C. Fry, Michael Henry Stone

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

While strength is indeed a skill, most discussions have primarily considered structural adaptations rather than ultrastructural augmentation to improve performance. Altering the structural component of the muscle is often the aim of hypertrophic training, yet not all hypertrophy is equal; such alterations are dependent upon how the muscle adapts to the training stimuli and overall training stress. When comparing bodybuilders to strength and power athletes such as powerlifters, weightlifters, and throwers, while muscle size may be similar, the ability to produce force and power is often inequivalent. Thus, performance differences go beyond structural changes and may be due to the …

The Association Of Cognitive Function Assessments Among Older Women, Anna Gookin

2020 Honors Symposium

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a loss of mental capabilities due to the slow degeneration of the brain and is the leading cause of dementia. Dementia is caused by the damage of neurons in the brain from diseases or injury, not only affecting mental abilities but also affecting daily activities.1 Every 65 seconds someone is diagnosed with AD and currently there is no known cure. Traditional cognitive testing is time consuming, expensive, can misdiagnose, and there is a lack of neuropsychologist. There is a need for a cognitive test that can provide an accurate, cheaper, and quicker result in order to …

An Analysis Of Perception Vs. Reality In Physical Fitness And The Effect Of Fitness Testing On Physical Activity In College Students, Sarah Schwartz

2020 Honors Symposium

INTRODUCTION
• Physical fitness is important to overall health and each fitness component has certain health implications. Fitness assessments are used to predict health implications.
• College students with lower physical activity levels have higher rates of obesity and negative health outcomes
• Most colleges students do not meet recommendations for physical activity despite knowing the benefits

OBJECTIVES
• Assess the degree that perceptions of fitness are associated with measured fitness (1)
• To find out if and how intentions and behaviors change over time after receiving the results of a standardized fitness assessment. (2)

Validity And Reliability Of Temperature Sensing Devices During And Following Exercise In The Heat, Olivia M. Covin

2020 Honors Symposium

Background: Exertional heat stroke is a danger for athletes that participate in outdoor and indoor sports and can be fatal if not recognized and treated properly. Oral temperature is commonly used to assess an athleteʼs temperature during exercise, but previous research suggests it may be an invalid and unreliable measurement of core temperature. A company recently designed a mouth guard prototype that changes color when core temperature reaches a specific threshold.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the color-changing mouth guard when the user reaches a core temperature of 39°C. I hypothesized …

Effects Of An 8-Week Basketball-Specific Proprioceptive Training With A Single-Plane Instability Balance Platform, Aurelijus Domeika, Agne Slapšinskait˙E, Selen Razon, Laimonas Šiupšinskas, Irina Kliziene˙, Milda Dubosiene˙

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: To avoid injuries in basketball players, they are recommended to pay more attention to improve their body balance. Therefore new training methods and equipment need to be devised. This study examined the effects of an 8-week basketball-specific proprioception training program while using a new developed one plane instability balance board during warm-up for improving balance ability in basketball players. Players who obtained basketball-specific balance training were compared to a control group. METHODS: Thirty-one male university basketball players (age: 21.35, SD = 0.605 years; height: 190.97, SD = 1.88; body mass: 86.95, SD = 2.61) participated in this study. Seventeen …

Appetite-Regulating Hormones In Energy Compensation With Exercise, Jack Moreland

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Background: The appetite-regulating hormones may influence compensatory increases in energy intake with exercise, although this causal relationship has been difficult to prove in a longitudinal trial.

Methods: 37 participants (29 female) aged 18 to 40 years performed aerobic exercise 6 days (6d), 2 days (2d), or 0 days per week for 12-weeks. Concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and insulin were assessed before (fasting, minute 0) and after a standardized meal at minute 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. Linear mixed-effects models were used to model the relationships between time point (12 weeks vs. baseline) …

Reduced Frontopolar Brain Activation Characterizes Concussed Athletes With Balance Deficits, I. Helmich, J. Coenen, S. Henckert, E. Pardalis, S. Schupp, H. Lausberg

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Objectives: Athletes with sport-related concussions (SRC) often demonstrate deficits in postural stability. Lower cerebral blood flow in frontal cortices has been documented in athletes with symptoms after SRC, however, it is unclear if functional brain oxygenation during postural control tasks is reduced in symptomatic athletes after SRC in the same manner. We therefore compared brain oxygenation patterns in frontal cortices of symptomatic and asymptomatic athletes with SRC during postural control tasks with the hypothesis that symptomatic athletes are characterized by reduced functional brain oxygenation during postural control. Methods: 62 concussed athletes (n = 31 symptomatic, n = 31 asymptomatic) were …

Comparing Knee Joint Mechanics Across Phases Of The Menstrual Cycle, Bethany Kilpatrick

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most commonly occurring knee injury. Compared to men in the same sports, females are two to eight times at higher risk for ACL injury. Research suggests that hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle (MC) play a crucial role in ACL injuries due to their effect on tendons and ligament's mechanical properties. PURPOSE: To examine knee joint laxity during dynamic movements across three-time points of the MC. METHODS: Seven young, healthy females with regular MCs performed three jump-landing tasks (double leg depth jump, single-leg lateral jump, and single-leg forward jump) across the early-follicular, …

Sensorimotor Function In Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, Jules D. Miehm, John Buonaccorsi, Jongil Lim, Sumire Sato, Caitlin Rajala, Julianna Averill, Farnaz Khalighinejad, Carolina Ionete, Stephanie L. Jones, Jane A. Kent, Richard E.A. Van Emmerik

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Background: A sensitive test reflecting subtle sensorimotor changes throughout disease progression independent of mobility impairment is currently lacking in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: We examined non-ambulatory measures of upper and lower extremity sensorimotor function that may reveal differences between relapsing–remitting and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis.

Methods: Cutaneous sensitivity, proprioception, central motor function and mobility were assessed in 32 relapsing–remitting and 31 progressive multiple sclerosis patients and 30 non-multiple sclerosis controls.

Results: Cutaneous sensation differed between relapsing–remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis at the foot and to a lesser extent the hand. Proprioception function in the upper but not the lower …

Effects Of A Strength Training Intervention And Quality Of Life: Case Study On A Sedentary Adult Female, Lucas Frazier

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of the project is to evaluate physiological and quality of life changes in a

sedentary, senior-aged (55 or older) female using a six-week strength training

intervention. This case study will instruct how to perform a push-pull-legs split

routine by going to the gym three times per week. Prior to the six week intervention,

both quantitative and qualitative variables will be collected to assess baseline data,

including the subject’s resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, grip strength, one-

repetition maximum on seven whole body exercises (dumbbell bicep curl, tricep

pushdown, barbell bench press, wide-grip lat pull-down, seated dumbbell press, …

Physiological Adaptations To Training And Associations With Performance In Division I Cross-Country Runners, Kailyn Renae Sanchez

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of Wellness Programming To Improve Health And Fitness Metrics In Rural Firefighters, Macy Weeks

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Background: Worksite wellness programs are an excellent option to help promote health and wellness among employees. However, there is little research discussing these benefits among firefighters. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a wellness program to improve or maintain health and fitness metrics in rural, career firefighters over a 9-month period. Methods: Thirty-six firefighters from a department in southeast Georgia participated in this wellness program. All health and fitness metrics tested were recommended by the National Fire Protection Agency. The wellness program that took place over 9-months provided basic tools and knowledge regarding exercise …

Anaerobic Capacity Measures In Healthy Active Adults Ages 18-29: Normative Reference Values And Differences Between Sex, Dylan E. Roberts

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The purpose of this study was to develop normative reference values for the modified Anaerobic Speed Test (mAST), an anaerobic capacity test that can be administered and completed on a commercial treadmill. The mAST of 15% grade has been created as one of the only protocols based on the original AST protocol of 20% grade. However, no percentile norms currently exist for this protocol, limiting its usefulness and interpretation of results. This paper presents normative values for active healthy adults ages 18-29, separated by sex. The sample consisted of 276 active healthy volunteers (161 men and 115 women). All mASTs …

Mechanisms Of Hamstring Strain Injury: Interactions Between Fatigue, Muscle Activation And Function, Shaun Huygaerts, Francesc Cos, Daniel D. Cohen, Julio Calleja-Gonzalez, Marc Guitart, Anthony J. Blazevich, Pedro E. Alcarez

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Isolated injury to the long head of biceps femoris is the most common type of acute hamstring strain injury (HSI). However, the precise hamstring injury mechanism (i.e., sprint-type) is still not well understood, and research is inconclusive as to which phase in the running cycle HSI risk is the greatest. Since detailed information relating to hamstring muscle function during sprint running cannot be obtained in vivo in humans, the findings of studies investigating HSI mechanisms are based on modeling that requires assumptions to be made based on extrapolations from anatomical and biomechanical investigations. As it is extremely difficult to account …

An Ecological Momentary Assessment Of Self-Improved And Self-Evaluation Body Comparisons: Associations With College Women's Body Dissatisfaction And Exercise, Rachel I. Macintyre, Kristin E. Heron, Abby L. Braitman, Danielle Arigo

Psychology Faculty Publications

Upward body comparisons are prevalent among college women and associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. However, less is known about distinguishing features of the comparisons themselves as they occur in daily life. The primary purpose of the present study was to examine whether two types of upward body comparisons previously studied experimentally (self-improvement and self-evaluation) are differentially associated with body- and exercise-related outcomes in real-life settings using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Undergraduate women (N = 74) between 18-25 years (Mage = 20.4, SD = 1.63) completed five surveys on smartphones daily for seven days. EMA measures …

Physiological And Psychological Responses To Six Weeks Of High-Intensity Interval And Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training In Physically Inactive Young Adults, Emily R. Dunston

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a public health strategy to promote physical activity; yet, there is limited evidence examining factors related to adherence to HIIT.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of six weeks of HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on physiological and psychological responses to training.

METHODS: Physically inactive young adults (n = 20; age = 21.4 ± 2.2 years) were randomized to the HIIT or MICT group. Assessments of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior levels were completed prior to and following the intervention. Participants completed 18 training sessions …

Sport Specialization And Its Effects On Collegiate Athlete Injury Rate, Alexander Duane Yager

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Lower Extremity Strength And Strength Symmetry Among U.S. Ski Team Sports, Benjamin J. Adams

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Most research in ski sports performance, injury, and sport physiological demands focuses on alpine ski racing. Very little research is available describing aerial and moguls ski competitors. Purpose: Compare lower extremity strength limb symmetry index (LSI) and relative strength (RS) among alpine, mogul, and aerials ski competitors. Methods: Archival data from 156 males and females from the U.S. Ski Team at Olympic, World Cup, and national levels were analyzed to compare RS and LSI among ski sports. Strength data consisted of maximal isometric bilateral squat strength values from each leg independently. A 3x2x2 factorial ANOVA was conducted to determine differences …

The Effect Of Acute Fatigue On Reactive Strength Index In Modern Dancers, Jordan Tingman

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute fatigue on stretch shortening cycle (SSC) performance measured by the Reactive Strength Index (RSI) derived from a drop jump. Methods: Twelve professional modern dancers (8 female, 4 male) participated in this study. Two force plates were utilized to record the force-time data during drop jumps (DJ) before and after an acute, fatiguing protocol. Dancers performed a 5-10 minute self-selected warm up followed by 3-5 practice trials of DJs onto the force plates. Three trials were recorded from each dancer with 30-60 seconds (s) of rest between trials. …

Examining The Effect Of Exercise Intensity On Post-Exercise Hypotension In Middle-Aged Adults, Seth F. Mccarthy

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Acute bouts of exercise have a transient lowering effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the hours after termed post-exercise hypotension (PEH). While moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is effective in reducing BP acutely, little is known regarding the effects of higher intensity exercise. This study examined the effects of different exercise intensities on PEH. Six participants (females: 4; age: 48±9 y, Mean arterial pressure: 84±8 mmHg) had their BP measured before and both immediately post- (<2 h) and for 24 h following 4 experimental sessions: 1) 30 min MICT (65% V̇O_2max); 2) 20 min high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 10 x 1 min @ 90% HR_max with 1 …