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Articles 1 - 30 of 405
Full-Text Articles in Exercise Science
Attitude And Attitudinal Structures Toward Physical Education And Their Influences On Physical Activity Behavior, Yubing Wang, Yaogang Han, Pan Li, Binn Zhang
Attitude And Attitudinal Structures Toward Physical Education And Their Influences On Physical Activity Behavior, Yubing Wang, Yaogang Han, Pan Li, Binn Zhang
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine middle and high school students’ cognitive and affective attitude and their cognitive-affective attitudinal structures toward physical education (PE). The effects of cognitive and affective attitude and attitudinal structures on physical activity (PA) in PE and outside of school were also examined. Methods: 1773 Chinese middle and high-school students participated in this study. SEM, Chi-square test, ANOVAs, and Contingency tables were adopted to address the research questions. Results: The results showed that most students (>90%) were holding positive cognitive and affective attitude toward PE. Students’ affective attitude significantly influences their PA …
In This Issue 14:3, Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.
In This Issue 14:3, Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
In This Issue 14:3
Attitudes And Self-Efficacy Of Swimming Coaches Towards The Inclusion Of Swimmers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eleftheria Kasagianni, Dimitrios Kokaridas, Panagiotis Varsamis, Vasilis Tsimaras
Attitudes And Self-Efficacy Of Swimming Coaches Towards The Inclusion Of Swimmers With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Eleftheria Kasagianni, Dimitrios Kokaridas, Panagiotis Varsamis, Vasilis Tsimaras
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes and self-efficacy of swimming coaches regarding the inclusion of swimmers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The sample consisted of 150 Greek swimming coaches with an average age of 29.58 years. Each participant completed the Swimming Coaches Attitudes towards Inclusion Questionnaire for perceptions assessment and the Biddle and Goudas (1997) self-efficacy questionnaire. The statistical analysis used SPSS 27 to calculate Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson product-moment correlations, independent t-tests, and ANOVA. The findings of the study showed that the swimming coaches expressed positive attitudes and a high percentage of perceived self-efficacy towards the …
‘You Have To Respect The Water’: Participant Experiences Of Appreciating And Managing The Risks Associated With Open Water Swimming – A Rapid Ethnographic Study, Mark A. Christie, David Elliott
‘You Have To Respect The Water’: Participant Experiences Of Appreciating And Managing The Risks Associated With Open Water Swimming – A Rapid Ethnographic Study, Mark A. Christie, David Elliott
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Open water swimming (OWS) has rapidly grown in popularity, driven by the purported health benefits of cold-water immersion. A paucity of research remains specifically considering the notable risks inherent in OWS participation, and a lack of qualitative research on freshwater swimming experiences, and safety-related issues therein. This rapid ethnographic study, based at a dedicated OWS lake in the UK, conducted semi-structured interviews with OWS participants (n=17; female=11, male=6). Two core themes emerged: environmental issues impacting OWS experiences and behaviours; and knowledge and education of OWS which highlighted safe/unsafe practices, levels of education for managing risks, personal preparedness, swimming solo/with others, …
Barriers: Location, Functionality, And Method Of Access In Childhood Pool/Spa Submersion Incidents, United States, 2000-2017, Alison Miller, Kristina R. Anderson, William D. Ramos
Barriers: Location, Functionality, And Method Of Access In Childhood Pool/Spa Submersion Incidents, United States, 2000-2017, Alison Miller, Kristina R. Anderson, William D. Ramos
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Drowning is a leading cause of fatality among children in the United States, and residential pools/spas currently account for as much as 80% of these submersion incidents. This study reviewed narrative case reports obtained from the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to understand barrier location, type, and functionality as methods of pool/spa access for childhood submersion incidents. Retroactive analysis of 1,523 fatal and non-fatal submersion incidents among children aged 13 years old and younger was conducted using the CPSC in depth investigation dataset from 2000-2017. Narrative descriptions were coded according to the attributes of barrier location, functionality, and …
Lay Rescuer Equipment Preferences And Efficacy During A Simulated Drowning Event, Alison M. Miller, William D. Ramos, Kristina R. Anderson, Jill Cuvala
Lay Rescuer Equipment Preferences And Efficacy During A Simulated Drowning Event, Alison M. Miller, William D. Ramos, Kristina R. Anderson, Jill Cuvala
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
During a drowning incident where a lifeguard is not present, a bystander – referred to as a lay rescuer - may put themselves in danger by attempting a rescue. When lay rescuers can avoid entering the water by using rescue equipment to help a drowning victim, it serves to not only help the person actively drowning, but also provides a layer of protection to a lay rescuer. This study sought to examine the following questions: (a) which pieces of rescue equipment were preferred by lay rescuers at pre-determined short and long distances, (b) do lay rescuers select appropriate rescue equipment …
A Research Framework To Improve Evidence-Based Practice Surrounding The Resuscitation Response To Drowning In Surf Lifesaving, Elissa Hooper, Aaron T. Scanlan, Shayne D. Baker, Samantha Fien
A Research Framework To Improve Evidence-Based Practice Surrounding The Resuscitation Response To Drowning In Surf Lifesaving, Elissa Hooper, Aaron T. Scanlan, Shayne D. Baker, Samantha Fien
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Surf lifesaving members are essential first responders who patrol public waterways, performing rescues and resuscitation to individuals in the community when needed. In this way, surf lifesaving members experience arduous physical requirements alongside extensive psychological stress during resuscitation. Surf Life Saving Queensland (SLSQ) represents the predominant, frontline lifesaving service in Queensland, Australia; however, little research has explored key aspects of drowning resuscitations involving this organisation, as well as in the broader lifesaving industry, limiting our current understanding on this vital topic. We sought to explore key aspects of drowning resuscitations within SLSQ and create a framework to generate evidence-based practice. …
Perceived And Real Water Competency And Drowning Risk Among Adults, Teresa Stanley, Kevin Moran, Dawn Garbett, Alan Ovens
Perceived And Real Water Competency And Drowning Risk Among Adults, Teresa Stanley, Kevin Moran, Dawn Garbett, Alan Ovens
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
Traditionally, public understanding of drowning survival has focused on swimming capacity, often measured by how far a person can swim. With respect to the high incidence of adult drowning in high-income countries, using the more inclusive concept of water competency may yield a more comprehensive explanatory framework for understanding the reasons behind these drownings. Any competency base required to survive a drowning situation is dynamic, complex, and multi-faceted. Furthermore, perceptions of risk and capacity to cope with that risk are likely to be pivotal to the avoidance of drowning. Adults’ perceived water competence was measured against their actual water competence …
A Longitudinal Look At Student Attitude, Perceived Competence, And Fitness Test Performance Of Elementary Students, Risto Marttinen, Kevin Mercier, Jung Yeon Park, Kelly L. Simonton, Erin Centeio, Kevin Andrew Richards, Kathleen Wilson
A Longitudinal Look At Student Attitude, Perceived Competence, And Fitness Test Performance Of Elementary Students, Risto Marttinen, Kevin Mercier, Jung Yeon Park, Kelly L. Simonton, Erin Centeio, Kevin Andrew Richards, Kathleen Wilson
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
The purpose of this study was to assess relationships between students’ attitudes toward physical education (PE), their perceived competence toward PE, and their fitness test performance, as well as how these relationships change over time. Measurements were conducted with validated instruments across five time points during two school years with fourth and fifth grade students across ten schools (n = 636, 48% = female). This study was developed to address a need for examining how attitudes and perceived competence change over time. Descriptive statistics and latent growth models were run with the variables of interest to investigate four research …
A01: A Pilot Study Of Student Cadres Mental Health At A Sport University During Covid-19, Yuan Yuan, Haijun Han, Hongwei Guan
A01: A Pilot Study Of Student Cadres Mental Health At A Sport University During Covid-19, Yuan Yuan, Haijun Han, Hongwei Guan
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Over 90% of college students have experienced negative mental health symptoms due to the pandemic, according to a survey from BestColleges.com. More than half (54%) of college students believe COVID-19 circumstances have impacted their mental health. Although the pandemic's influence on mental health expanded, not all students have felt its effects to the same degree. Physical activity has been reported to have many physical and mental health benefits. Students at sport universities tend to participate in more sport and physical activity. During the pandemic, student cadres are expected to take more responsibilities such as coordinating COVID-19 tests and interacting …
A08: Effects Of Participation In Sports Clubs Activity On College Students’ Perceived Stress And Well-Being, Zhonghui He, Hui Xie, Xiaoyuan Zhang
A08: Effects Of Participation In Sports Clubs Activity On College Students’ Perceived Stress And Well-Being, Zhonghui He, Hui Xie, Xiaoyuan Zhang
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Mandated social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pandemic has brought more anxiety and stress to college students. The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether college students' participation in sports club activities can reduce anxiety and stress. The secondary purpose was to compare the effects of different types of sport clubs. Methods: The sample consisted of 242 college students (143 males; mean age=22.63 years old) in an academically prestigious university. They were voluntarily enrolled in either team sports clubs, such as volleyball, football, baseball, and softball, etc. (n=96), or individual sports clubs, such as squash, …
A10: Analyzing Perceptual Differences Toward Esports Among Students Across Various Educational Levels Of America, Xianhua Luo, Li Chen, Yong Yang, Hui Deng
A10: Analyzing Perceptual Differences Toward Esports Among Students Across Various Educational Levels Of America, Xianhua Luo, Li Chen, Yong Yang, Hui Deng
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Electronic sports (Esports) draw increasing attention in the world and become popular across institutions of American higher education. Scholars in Esports research have explored various findings and discussions related to education, marketing and promotion, organization and management, and sociology and psychology of sport. However, the perceptual differences of Esports participants remain unknown across educational levels across American institutions. The purposes of this study were to examine the perceptual differences toward Esports across educational levels in the United States. Methods: A total of 397 voluntary participates with various education levels took part in a reginal survey in the east coast …
A22: Investigation On The Status Quo Of Extracurricular Sports Activities In Primary And Secondary Schools Of Yan 'An City Before And After Covid-19, Zhigang Xue, Hujiie Ran, Xiaoyan Yang
A22: Investigation On The Status Quo Of Extracurricular Sports Activities In Primary And Secondary Schools Of Yan 'An City Before And After Covid-19, Zhigang Xue, Hujiie Ran, Xiaoyan Yang
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Since the outbreak of the Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in December 2019, the General Office of the National Health Commission has put forward the epidemic prevention requirements, such as minimizing unnecessary travel. In December 2022, The State Council issued the latest epidemic prevention policy, marking the country's three-year epidemic control policy. In this case, this paper conducted a comparative study on the number of participants, cognition, attitude, motivation, frequency, time and organization of extracurricular sports activities in primary and secondary schools of Yan 'an City before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and analyzed and studied the data obtained. Methods: …
A34: Factors To Indicate Overweight For Youth From 5-11-Year-Old: Data Mining Tree Regression Application, Danji Lu, Yuanlong Liu
A34: Factors To Indicate Overweight For Youth From 5-11-Year-Old: Data Mining Tree Regression Application, Danji Lu, Yuanlong Liu
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: According to the World Health Organization, obesity has nearly tripled since 1975 in the U.S. (Obesity, n.d.). Considerable research was done to find reasons to deal with obesity. In last 10 year’s obesity related research, the major focuses were metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and eating disorder. In this study, two subsets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014 NHANES) were used to test what variables were critical to indicate overweight of youth from 5- to 11-year-old. Dietary subset reflected nutrients obtained from foods, beverages, and water. Physical activity subset based on the Global Physical Activity …
A40: An Experimental Study On The Effect Of Intelligent Motor Intervention On Motor Ability Of Infants With Motor Retardation, Jiayu Zhou, Qinping Xu, Xiaozan Wang
A40: An Experimental Study On The Effect Of Intelligent Motor Intervention On Motor Ability Of Infants With Motor Retardation, Jiayu Zhou, Qinping Xu, Xiaozan Wang
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Early exercise intervention is particularly important for the improvement of motor ability in young children with delayed motor development. In this study, the effect of intelligent exercise online intervention on the motor ability of slow motor development in children aged 3 to 6 years was verified by arranging interesting sports games in the sports APP. Methods: Using the experimental method, interview method and mathematical statistics method, 37 children aged 3-6 years were selected through the motor development questionnaire, and online exercise intervention was carried out around the six themes of balance, coordination, sensitivity, flexibility, jumping and strength. There is …
A51: A Study On Improvement Of Sensory Integration Disorder In Children Aged 6-7 Years With Fancy Skipping Rope, Xunzhi Lai, Ziying Zeng
A51: A Study On Improvement Of Sensory Integration Disorder In Children Aged 6-7 Years With Fancy Skipping Rope, Xunzhi Lai, Ziying Zeng
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: At present, the number of children with sensory unison disorder continues to rise in our country, which is a kind of disease that mainly happens in the children of the nervous system, so that the young children's physical quality drops, the uncoordinated movement, attention, and poor performance, affecting the normal healthy development. In the face of the disorder, the intervention can be improved by games in PE class and sensory integration training. Methods: In this paper, literature, mathematical statistics, questionnaire, and other research methods were used to test and study the vestibular function, proprioception, tactile defense and learning ability …
A52: Practice Research On Orientation Movement Teaching In Primary School, Ziying Zeng, Haicheng Wen, Liyan Lao, Shunzhou Du, Yuntao Zeng
A52: Practice Research On Orientation Movement Teaching In Primary School, Ziying Zeng, Haicheng Wen, Liyan Lao, Shunzhou Du, Yuntao Zeng
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Sports shoulder the important task of improving the physical health of teenagers, is an indispensable part of the school quality education, more importantly, is to undertake the fundamental mission of moral cultivation. Orienteering is a new sports project integrating intelligence and physical strength. It not only strengthens the body, but also improves the students' self-control ability such as thinking and judging ability and solving difficulties by themselves, so as to truly realize the ideal effect of "sports people". Methods: From the perspective of the implementation of school-based orienteering curriculum in our school, this paper adopts experimental methods, mathematical statistics …
A56: Mediation Analysis Of Association Between Fundamental Motor Skills And Physical Activity In Elementary School Students, Jun Chen, Xiaozan Wang, Ouyi Chen, Haizhu Long
A56: Mediation Analysis Of Association Between Fundamental Motor Skills And Physical Activity In Elementary School Students, Jun Chen, Xiaozan Wang, Ouyi Chen, Haizhu Long
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of fundamental motor skills (FMS), perceived motor competence (PMC), physical activity (PA) in elementary school students, as well as to examine whether PMC mediated the relationship between FMS and PA. Methods: Participants were 470 3-6th grade students (210 boys vs. 242 girls; Mean age = 10.11 years old; SD = 1.19) at five elementary schools from the province of Hunan in China. The students’ FMS were assessed with The Test of Gross Motor Development-3, PMC was assessed using the perceived athletic competence sub-scale of Harter’s Self-perception profile for children and PA were …
A57: A Study On The Correlation Between Basic Motor Skills And Attention, Parent-Child Relationship And Behavior, Mengke Kang, Xiaozan Wang, Meiyuan Chen, Haoye Shen
A57: A Study On The Correlation Between Basic Motor Skills And Attention, Parent-Child Relationship And Behavior, Mengke Kang, Xiaozan Wang, Meiyuan Chen, Haoye Shen
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: In the Curriculum Standards of Physical Education and Health for Compulsory Education (2022 Edition) newly issued by China in 2022, basic motor skills are included in the curriculum, requiring students to learn, practice and experience mobility skills, control skills, manipulative skills, and other basic motor skills. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between basic motor skills and pupils' attention, parent-child relationship, and behavior, and to provide a theoretical basis for its further implementation. Methods: In this study, 45 primary school students from Malu Primary School, Jiading District, Shanghai, with an average age of 9.76 years …
A59: The Influence Of Chinese Junior Middle School Students' Expectancy-Value On Their Attitude Towards Physical Education Class: The Moderating Effect Of Urban And Rural Areas And Grades, Jing Gong, Chengwu Tao, Tong Xie
A59: The Influence Of Chinese Junior Middle School Students' Expectancy-Value On Their Attitude Towards Physical Education Class: The Moderating Effect Of Urban And Rural Areas And Grades, Jing Gong, Chengwu Tao, Tong Xie
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Physical education is an important way to improve the sports skills and physical health level of Chinese junior middle school students, help students master sports health knowledge, and cultivate students' sports behavior. It is of great significance to improve the teaching quality of physical education class and solve the practical problem that students like physical education but don't enjoy having physical education class by improving students' expectancy-value of physical education class and correcting students' attitude toward PE (physical education) class. Therefore, to explore the differences between the expectancy-value and attitude of different types of students participating in physical education …
A60: Gait Kinematics Characteristics Of The Overweight And Obese Elderly At Different Walking Speeds, Liu Min
A60: Gait Kinematics Characteristics Of The Overweight And Obese Elderly At Different Walking Speeds, Liu Min
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Gait is associated with falls. Overweight, obesity and falls are prominent problems affecting the healthy life of the elderly in China. The purpose of this study is to measure the gait kinematic parameters of the overweight and obese elderly using BTS SMART DX Motion Capture System, and to analyze the gait characteristics of the overweight and obese elderly when walking with different speeds, so as to provide reference for the prevention of falls in the overweight and obese elderly. Methods: A total of 42 healthy old women (overweight or obese group: N = 20, age = 67.36±6.11 yrs.; normal …
A63: Exercise Improves Appetite And Heart Function In High Fat Drosophila, Hanhui Yan, Meng Ding, Ping Xu, Tianhang Peng, Ping Zhang, Rui Tian, Lan Zheng
A63: Exercise Improves Appetite And Heart Function In High Fat Drosophila, Hanhui Yan, Meng Ding, Ping Xu, Tianhang Peng, Ping Zhang, Rui Tian, Lan Zheng
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: High-fat diets cause obesity and disease leading to excess appetite and cardiovascular disease. At present, there is literature showing the improvement effect of exercise on obesity and related diseases. To explore more deeply the mechanism of action of exercise on appetite improvement and heart function in high-fat diets, we used fruit fly motility models to reveal this aspect of function. Methods: A total of 300 wild-type W1118 virgin flies that matured within 12 hours were collected. They were randomly divided into 100 animals in the normal diet control group (NFD), 100 in the high-fat diet group (HFD), and 100 …
A67: The Influence Of Physical Exercise On College Students' Psychological Pressure: A Chain Intermediary Effect, Zhenqi Zhou, Zhen Li
A67: The Influence Of Physical Exercise On College Students' Psychological Pressure: A Chain Intermediary Effect, Zhenqi Zhou, Zhen Li
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: At this stage, the increasingly fierce social competition makes college students face significant challenges while striving for development opportunities. They will encounter various setbacks and challenges, causing excessive psychological pressure on college students, which will affect their mental health. As an effective means to promote people's physical and mental development, physical exercise plays an important role in the development of college students, It plays a very important role in relieving college students' psychological pressure. Therefore, it is particularly important to study how physical exercise affects college students' psychological pressure and the role of other factors. The purpose of this …
A68: Volleyball Coaches' Leadership Behaviors And Athletes' Competition Anxiety: A Mediating Effect Of Sport Self-Confidence, Sixu Yi, Ke Wang
A68: Volleyball Coaches' Leadership Behaviors And Athletes' Competition Anxiety: A Mediating Effect Of Sport Self-Confidence, Sixu Yi, Ke Wang
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Volleyball is not only a contest between technical and tactical levels, but also a duel between psychological and tactical aspects. Coaches' leadership behaviors play a key role in athletes' trust, team effectiveness and competition status. Coaches' leadership behaviors, as perceived from the athletes' perspective, have a greater impact on athletes' competition anxiety than the actual leadership behaviors of coaches. The purpose of this study was to examine how athletes perceived the possible role of coaches' leadership behaviors on college men's volleyball players' competition anxiety and the possible mediating effect of athletic self-confidence in it was examined. Methods: 216 athletes …
A69: Data Visualization Of Core Literacy Of Physical Education: A Case Study Of Sci-Tech Empowerment, Ling Xiao, Feifei Li, Wenxue Yuan
A69: Data Visualization Of Core Literacy Of Physical Education: A Case Study Of Sci-Tech Empowerment, Ling Xiao, Feifei Li, Wenxue Yuan
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Physical education (PE) in colleges and universities in the new era focuses on mastering smart PE technology, deepening the connotation of big data education, and cultivating and achieving disciplinary core literacy. The paper designs a monitoring plan based on three key aspects of core literacy, namely, athletic capabilities, health-related actions, and PE morality. It aims at strengthening the value of AI-powered methods in core literacy cultivation, providing more teaching methods to traditional PE classroom teaching, and promoting students’ core literacy. Methods: The paper selects 105 college students from 5 classes who voluntarily take part in the research. It also …
A70: An Experimental Study Of Sports Vr Equipment On Cultivating High School Students' Interest In Sports, Zhang Rui
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: The incorporation of VR virtual teaching has garnered significant attention, with its applications spanning various disciplines and fields. Notably, in the realm of physical education, VR integration has not only contributed to the enhancement of instructional effectiveness but has also played a pivotal role in fostering the holistic development and personality growth of students. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether VR virtual teaching can elevate the interest of high school students in the learning of physical education. Methods: Eighty students in high school were recruited and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (40 students …
A73: Associations Of Screen Time Changes With Body Mass Index And Obesity In Chinese Preschoolers, Sunyue Ye
A73: Associations Of Screen Time Changes With Body Mass Index And Obesity In Chinese Preschoolers, Sunyue Ye
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: To understand the longitudinal association of screen time (ST) and its changes on body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Chinese preschool children. Methods: Parents of 735 preschoolers participated in our studies at baseline and were followed up one year interval, in Jiaxing, China. Linear regression models and generalized linear models were used to analyze the prospective association of ST and its changes with BMI and obesity in preschool-aged children. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to describe the effect level of each factor upon BMI and obesity at follow-up. Results: A total of 624 …
A78: Effect Of Physical Activity On Adolescent Mental Health, Shaofei Wu, Xue Jiang
A78: Effect Of Physical Activity On Adolescent Mental Health, Shaofei Wu, Xue Jiang
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: As science and technology advance, social civilization progresses, and individuals garner increased attention. Consequently, the focus on mental health has reached new heights. This paper delves into the current state of adolescent mental health and explores the positive impact of sports. The objective is to foster a correct understanding of the correlation between sports and the mental well-being of teenagers. Through this exploration, the aim is to leverage the inherent characteristics of physical education teaching materials in order to integrate heart and physical education, harness the unique role of sports in cultivating adolescent mental health, and elevate both the …
A79: Epidemiology Of Athletic Injuries In China College Rock Climbing Athlete, Bingbing Tian, Dehong Gu
A79: Epidemiology Of Athletic Injuries In China College Rock Climbing Athlete, Bingbing Tian, Dehong Gu
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Originating from mountaineering, rock climbing has encountered fresh opportunities for growth since its inclusion in the Olympics, and there is a growing awareness of the associated injury risks. Methods: Using questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics methods, this paper studied the epidemiological characteristics of sports injuries among Chinese college rock-climbing athletes by 6 Chinese university rock-climbing teams. Results: The incidence of sports injury was as high as 87.10%, and the annual incidence of injury was 3.39 times/year. The number of injuries was mainly 1 time (43.55%), and the number of injuries was less in 4 (8.06%;) or 5 times (1.61%). …
A84: Factors Influencing Parents' Intention To Involve Autistic Preschoolers In Outdoor Physical Activities, Hongchang Yang, Xiaoxia Zhang
A84: Factors Influencing Parents' Intention To Involve Autistic Preschoolers In Outdoor Physical Activities, Hongchang Yang, Xiaoxia Zhang
International Journal of Physical Activity and Health
Purpose: Outdoor physical activities (OPA) can not only improve the physical fitness and health of autistic preschool children, but also provide an indispensable opportunity for their social learning and interaction. However, parents’ intentions of providing OPA for their autistic children are complex due to reasons such as potential risk. Theory of Planned Behavior（TPB）has conceptualized that attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) are influential factors of behavioral intention. Perceived risk and perceived usefulness are suggested to associate with one’s intention, therefore, the purpose of this study was to test an extended TPB model on parent’s intention of …