Exercise Science Commons^™

Muscular Fitness Levels Of U.S. Children And Adolescents, Daniel J. Mcdonough, Yong Gao, Lynda B. Ransdell, Haichun Sun

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Purpose: To describe muscular fitness (MF) levels and percentile benchmarks among U.S. children and adolescents aged 6–15 years old across sociodemographic, physiological, and behavioral subgroups. Methods: Data were from the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS). Four strength tests consisting of the plank, knee extension, modified pull-up, and handgrip, were analyzed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, BMI category, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and physical activity (PA) among 1,234 participants (51% male) using SAS SURVEY procedures. Results: Mean ± SEM scores were 69.6 ± 1.8 s (plank), 56.6 ± 4.2 lb (left) and 59.2 ± 4.3 lb (right) knee extension, 5.5 …

Effects Of Ghost Energy Drink On Muscle Strength, Psychomotor Vigilance, And Mood., Jason M. Curtis, Jose J. Rojas, Flavia F. Pereira, Cassandra Evans, Elizabeth Espocito, Alyana Andal Andal, Gavin Poulshock, Hena Thakkar, Taila De Castro, Alexandra Jimenez, Antonio Cristanti, Antonella V. Schwarz, Juan Carlos Santana, Jose Antonio

Journal for Sports Neuroscience

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a commercially available energy drink (Ghost®) compared to a caffeine-matched control on measures of mental and physical performance.

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind design, 62 participants were assigned to receive either the energy drink (Ghost®) or a caffeine-matched control (200 mg caffeine). Assessments were conducted at baseline and approximately 45 minutes post-ingestion, including the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), CNS Tap Test, handgrip strength, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS).

Results: Participant demographics are presented in Table 1. No significant between-group differences were observed for any performance measures. Both groups …

Parameters Of Suspension Training On Core Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic, Sara Stiltner, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Clinical Scenario: The core is a functional unit connecting the upper and lower extremities consisting of abdominal, back, and hip musculature. A highly functional core is essential within the kinetic chain and aids in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Traditional means of core stability training are performed on a stable surface. An emerging mode of core training is suspension training (ST), which utilizes a movement paired with instability to challenge the core stabilizers and increase motor unit recruitment.The purpose of suspension training is to increase muscle activation in core stabilizer’s, while mimicking functional movements.It was the purpose of this research to …

Understanding Injury Risk In Female College Dancers: The Interplay Of Mobility And Strength, Audrey Clark

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

INTRODUCTION: Female college dancers present a unique set of demands that contribute to a risk of injury different from other sports. Two of the primary physical demands of dance, mobility and strength, are also known risk factors for non contact injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mobility, strength, and non contact injuries in female college dancers and add to the current gap in literature. METHODS: Participants (n=10) completed an injury history, hand-grip assessment, Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and monthly follow up injury surveys during the duration of the study. Means, standard deviations, correlations, and …

The Influence Of Strength And Power Training On The Performance Of U.S. Marines, Kristopher J. Klein

Master of Science in Kinesiology

U.S. Marine Infantry conducts a job that requires strength, speed, and endurance; however military fitness training relies mainly on the endurance aspect. With numerous studies showing the correlation between an endurance mainstay within military organizations, and musculoskeletal and joint overuse injuries, this study seeks to understand the performance value in training the anaerobic energy systems. Specifically, we aim to determine whether strength and power training may be more beneficial to the tactical athlete than traditional training. Over a period of 12 weeks, 150 members of the U.S. Marine Infantry will participate in training five days a week with three days …

Braking And Propulsion Phase Characteristics Of Traditional And Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats, Timothy J. Suchomel, Conor J. Cantwell, Brookelyn A. Campbell, Zach S. Schroeder, Lauren K. Marshall, Christopher Taber

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in braking and propulsion force-time characteristics and barbell velocity between traditional (TRAD) and accentuated eccentric loaded (AEL) back squats using various load combinations. Sixteen resistance-trained men participated in four separate testing sessions which included a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat during the first session and three squat testing sessions. During the squat testing sessions, participants either performed sets of three repetitions of TRAD back squats each with 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM or performed the same loads with the addition of weight releasers that increased the total eccentric …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Alex Leaf, Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Tim M. Sharpe, Stacy T. Sims, Chad J. Macias, Geoff G. Futch, Michael D. Roberts, Jeffrey R. Stout, Michael J. Ormsbee, Alan A. Aragon, Bill I. Campbell, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Dominic P. D’Agostino, Michelle T. Barrack, Chad M. Kerksick, Richard B. Kreider, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Position statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the use of a ketogenic diet in healthy exercising adults, with a focus on exercise performance and body composition. However, this review does not address the use of exogenous ketone supplements. The following points summarize the position of the ISSN: 1. A ketogenic diet induces a state of nutritional ketosis, which is generally defined as serum ketone levels above 0.5 mM. While many factors can impact what amount of daily carbohydrate intake will result in these levels, a broad guideline is a daily dietary …

Triple Hop Test Ability Performed By Athletes In The Regional Athletic Center During The Competition Period, Rumpis Agus Sudarko, Endang Rini Sukamti, Abdul Alim, Risti Nurfadhilah, Okky Indera Pamungkas, Yulvia Miftachurochmah

Jurnal Keolahragaan

Tests and Measurements, is an integral part of various human activities, as well as in sports training activities. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The population that the researchers determined was in regional training center athletes in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Sampling techniques are carried out by purposive random sampling, namely athletes who enter the regional training center in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, so that a number of 106 athletes are obtained. The instrument used to collect the research data used the triple hop test to determine the athlete's ability level. The data in quantitative research obtained …

Developing An Exercise Program To Improve The Biomotor Abilities Of Wushu Taolu Athletes As A Support For The Teng Kong Bai Lian (Tkbl) Movement, Kamilia Lituhayu, Ahmad Nasrulloh, Rina Yuniana, Roxana Dev Omar Dev

Jurnal Keolahragaan

The aim of this study was: (1) to develop an appropriate circuit training program for biomotor improvement that supports Teng Kong Bai Lian (TKBL), (2) to examine the feasibility of biomotor improvement that supports TKBL, and (3) to examine training program effectivity. This study is a kind of Research and Development through several procedures, such as observation and data collection, planning, program development, expert validation, initial program revision, small scale trial, large scale trial, operational program revision, effectivity test, and completion program, and training program implementation. Instrument of this study consist of observation, questionnaire for expert validation, test and measurement …

Effects Of Plyometric- And Cycle-Based High-Intensity Interval Training On Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity, And Muscle Function In Young Females: A Field-Based Group Fitness Assessment, A. J. Holmes, M. T. Stratton, A. R. Bailly, J. S. Gottschall, Y. Feito, P. L. Ha, A. Lavigne, K. Persaud, H. L. Gagnon, A. Krueger, A. Modjeski, T. A. Esmat, L. N. Harper, T. A. Vandusseldorp, Garrett Hester

Faculty Articles

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective alternative to moderate intensity continuous training for improvements in body composition and aerobic capacity; however, there is little work comparing different modalities of HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- (PLYO) and cycle-oriented (CYC) HIIT on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were quasi-randomized (1:1 ratio) to 8 weeks of twice weekly PLYO (n = 15) or CYC (n = 15) HIIT. Body composition (four-compartment model), VO_{2peak …}

Professional Experience At Farmington High School, Jacob Vorhies

Master of Science in Kinesiology

For my Capstone project I chose to do a professional industry experience was at Farmington High School with Scott Meier, Head of Strength and Conditioning. The goals for this experience were to improve my skills in proper form identification, providing instructions, and program development. I spent two and a half months with Mr. Meier assisting him in his weight training classes and working directly with the students. For the research project component, I conducted a literature review and presented a PowerPoint presentation to five high school weightlifting classes on the importance of sleep and its effects on athletic performance. This …

Muscular Strength Predicts Phase Angle In Breast Cancer Survivors, Trevor Short, Cheri Teranishi-Hashimoto, Paulette Yamada

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 4: Issue 1, Article 4, 2023. Phase angle (PhA) has emerged as a prognostic indicator of survival and quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. Identifying measures of physical fitness that correlate with PhA can provide guidance toward optimizing cancer rehabilitation programs and future research. The purpose was to examine the relationship between PhA and physical fitness in breast cancer survivors. Sixty-three breast cancer survivors (60 ± 9 years, PhA 4.59±0.52, mean±SD) completed assessments for muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and body composition. PhA and body composition were measured using bioimpedance …

Effects Of Soft Golf On Physical Fitness Of Children Aged 4 To 5 Years, Qingyue Lin, Wangyang Yu, Hongying Wang

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Playing golf is good for health. Previous studies found that golf training can improve performance such as muscle strength, endurance, balance, and agility. Constitution is the important foundation of national and social development, and children are the key period of constitution development. At present, there are few studies on the influence of golf on children's physical fitness. This study explored the influence of 16-week soft golf exercise intervention on the physical health of 4–5-year-old children. Sixty children aged 4-5 years old were recruited from a kindergarten school in Shanghai, China with means of age at 4.56±0.54 and height at 112.72±3.96. …

Longitudinal Sport Science Implementation In American Collegiate Men’S Basketball, Jason Stone

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The expanding opportunities to implement sport science frameworks in elite-level basketball environments coincide with the sport’s increasing global prominence. Concomitant to these opportunities is the continual growth of the sport technology market (e.g., wearables, force plates) and computational power (e.g., data management tools, coding capabilities), which yields solutions and challenges for both athletes and practitioners. Due to the rapid influx of new sport technologies in high performance environments, particularly American Collegiate Men’s Basketball, more formal and ecologically valid research on how to effectively utilize data derived from them, particularly over long periods of time (i.e., multiple seasons) is needed. To …

The Relationship Of Strength, Mobility, And Performance Variables On Throwing Speed In Baseball Catchers, Caleigh D. Hall

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Baseball is a popular sport worldwide and has thus garnered significant research focus, predominately of pitchers and hitters. However, research involving catchers is scant despite their major influence and consistent presence throughout a game. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of lower body strength and mobility and performance with throwing speed in baseball catchers. We hypothesized that strength and mobility would have a positive relationship with ball speed, peak power generated while rising out of the squat position would be positively related to ball speed, shorter ascent time would be inversely related to ball speed, …

Strength And Body Composition Changes Of Junior Hockey Players During The Competitive Season, Dan Marquette

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: This study investigated the body composition and strength changes of NAHL junior hockey players across a competitive season. It was hypothesized that players would lose lean body mass loss from pre-season to end-season. The secondary hypothesis was that players would lose strength in relation to the anticipated loss in lean body mass. Methods: Outcome measurements were taken at pre-season, mid-season, and endseason points of a competitive NAHL junior hockey season (n = 15, age = 19.1 years). Body composition was measured using air plethysmography (BodPod) and strength was measured using isokinetic strength testing (Biodex). Results: No significant changes in …

Practices Of Athletic Trainers Using Weight Charts To Determine Hydration Status And Fluid-Intervention Strategies, Jeremy M. Eith, Clint R. Haggard, Dawn M. Emerson, Susan Yeargin Ph.D., Atc

Faculty Publications

Context

Determining an athlete's hydration status allows hydration-related concerns to be identified before significant medical or performance concerns arise. Weight charts are an accurate measure of hydration status changes, yet their clinical use by athletic trainers (ATs) is unknown.

Objective

To investigate ATs' use of weight charts in athletic settings and describe their subsequent clinical decisions.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

High schools and National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, III and National Association Intercollegiate Athletics colleges.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 354 ATs (men = 162, women = 175; 17 respondents did not answer the demographic questions) …

Practices Of Athletic Trainers Using Weight Charts To Determine Hydration Status And Fluid-Intervention Strategies, Jeremy M. Eith, Clint R. Haggard, Dawn M. Emerson, Susan W. Yeargin Ph.D., Atc

Faculty Publications

Context

Determining an athlete's hydration status allows hydration-related concerns to be identified before significant medical or performance concerns arise. Weight charts are an accurate measure of hydration status changes, yet their clinical use by athletic trainers (ATs) is unknown.

Objective

To investigate ATs' use of weight charts in athletic settings and describe their subsequent clinical decisions.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

High schools and National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I, II, III and National Association Intercollegiate Athletics colleges.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 354 ATs (men = 162, women = 175; 17 respondents did not answer the demographic questions) …

When Task Constraints Delimit Movement Strategy: Implications For Isolated Joint Training In Dancers, Paige E. Rice, Sophia Nimphius

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Athletic performance is determined by numerous variables that cannot always be controlled or modified. Due to aesthetic requirements during sports such as dance, body alignment constrains possible movement solutions. Increased power transference around the ankle-joint, coupled with lower hip-joint power, has become a preferential strategy in dancers during leaps and may be considered a dance-specific stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) demand. Newell's theoretical model of interacting constraints includes organismic (or individual), environmental, and task constraints describing the different endogenous and exogenous constraints individuals must overcome for movement and athletic performance. The unique task constraints imposed during dance will be used as a …

Implementing Eccentric Resistance Training—Part 2: Practical Recommendations, Timothy J. Suchomel, John P. Wagle, Jamie Douglas, Christopher Taber, Melissa Harden, G. Gregory Haff, Michael H. Stone

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of this review is to provide strength and conditioning practitioners with recommendations on how best to implement tempo eccentric training (TEMPO), flywheel inertial training (FIT), accentuated eccentric loading (AEL), and plyometric training (PT) into resistance training programs that seek to improve an athlete’s hypertrophy, strength, and power output. Based on the existing literature, TEMPO may be best implemented with weaker athletes to benefit positional strength and hypertrophy due to the time under tension. FIT may provide an effective hypertrophy, strength, and power stimulus for untrained and weaker individuals; however, stronger individuals may not receive the same eccentric (ECC) …

The Influence Of Strength In Load-Velocity Relationships In The Back Squat, Thaddeus Light

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Load-velocity relationships may vary between people of different strength levels and across different loads. The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate how external loads influence the velocity characteristics of the back squat exercise, and the influence of strength on these variables. Healthy male students with a history of resistance training completed repetitions at specified intensities of their estimated one-repetition maximum (1RM) until they reached 1RM. Back squat 3D motion analysis was captured using four Vicon T010 cameras (Vicon Motion Systems Ltd.; Oxford, UK) and Vicon Nexus 1.8.5 software. Data were transported into R custom coding statistical analysis software (version …

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Adaptations Following Resistance Training Using Repetition Maximums Or Relative Intensity, Kevin M. Carroll, Caleb D. Bazyler, Jake R. Bernards, Christopher Taber, Charles A. Stuart, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Sato, Michael H. Stone

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of the study was to compare the physiological responses of skeletal muscle to a resistance training (RT) program using repetition maximum (RM) or relative intensity (RISR). Fifteen well-trained males underwent RT 3 d·wk−1 for 10 weeks in either an RM group (n = 8) or RISR group (n = 7). The RM group achieved a relative maximum each day, while the RISR group trained based on percentages. The RM group exercised until muscular failure on each exercise, while the RISR group did not reach muscular failure throughout the intervention. Percutaneous needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained …

Effects Of Resistance Training Frequency On Muscle Function Adaptations Using A Multiple-Joint Eccentric Training Model, Joshua Crane

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Eccentric resistance training has been shown to be beneficial for improving multiple performance and health metrics. However, recommendations on eccentric training frequency have not been established. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of volume-matched resistance training frequency comparing one versus three training days per week of isokinetic multiple-joint eccentric training on strength and lower body function adaptations during a 4-week training period. METHODS: Thirty recreationally-trained men and women were randomly assigned to either a high frequency (HF), three times per week, or low frequency (LF), once per week, training group for four weeks. A motor-driven isokinetic eccentric dynamometer was used for …

Kinetic And Kinematic Characteristics Of Accentuated Eccentric Loading, John Wagle

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current investigation was an examination of the kinetic and kinematic characteristics of the back squat using accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) and cluster set programming strategies. Trained male subjects (age = 26.1 ± 4.1 years, height = 183.5 ± 4.3 cm, body mass = 92.5 ± 10.5 kg, back squat to body mass ratio = 1.8 ± 0.3) volunteered to complete four different load condition sessions involving traditionally loaded straight sets (TL), traditionally loaded cluster sets (TLC), AEL cluster sets (AEC), and AEL straight sets where only the first repetition of each set used eccentric overload (AEL1). The use of …

Common Habits, Adverse Events, And Opinions Regarding Pre-Workout Supplement Use Among Regular Consumers, Andrew R. Jagim, Clayton L. Camic, Patrick S. Harty

Faculty Scholarship

The purpose of the present study was to examine characteristics of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement (MIPS) users, their common patterns/habits of MIPS ingestion, and their associated feelings about the effectiveness and safety of this class of supplements. An online electronic survey was distributed through social media to assess self-reported supplementation practices and preferences among adult males and females who reported regular MIPS use. A total of 1045 individuals responded, with 872 of these individuals (males: n = 636, 72.9%; females: n = 233, 26.7%; mean ± SD; age = 27.7 ± 7.9 years; training age = 8.2 ± 7.3 years) completing …

An Examination Of The Effects Of Bilateral And Unilateral Very Short-Term Dcer Training On Strength And Neuromuscular Responses Within The Lower Limb Bilateral Deficit, Mark Travis Byrd

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

The very short-term resistance training (VST) model, utilizing only 2-3 training sessions, has been used to examine early phase skeletal muscle, neural, and performance adaptations. The VST model has previously been used to examine these early phase adaptations in bilateral and unilateral, isometric, isokinetic, and dynamic muscle actions in the limbs of the upper- and lower-body. The bilateral deficit (BLD) is a phenomenon in which the sum of the forces produced unilaterally is greater than the force produced bilaterally during maximal contraction of the limbs. The appearance of a bilateral deficit has been be related to various factors; including training …

Common Ingredient Profiles Of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements, Andrew R. Jagim, Patrick S. Harty, Clayton L, Camic

Faculty Scholarship

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements are a popular class of dietary supplements which are purported to improve exercise performance. However, the composition of these products varies substantially between formulations, thus making comparisons challenging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify a common ingredient profile of top-selling pre-workout supplements and to compare ingredient dosages to established efficacious values. The top 100 commercially available pre-workout products were analyzed for listed ingredients and amounts, if available, from the supplement facts panel. The mean ± SD number of ingredients per supplement (n = 100) was 18.4 ± 9.7 with 8.1 ± 9.9 of these …

Pengaruh Latihan Squat Menggunakan Free Weight Dan Gym Machine Terhadap Kekuatan, Power, Dan Hypertrophy Otot, Lia Karina Mansur, Joko Pekik Irianto, Mansur Mansur

Jurnal Keolahragaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh latihan squat menggunakan free weight dan gym machine terhadap kekuatan, power, dan hypertrophy otot; dan menguji perbedaan pengaruh latihan squat menggunakan free weight dan gym machine terhadap kekuatan, power, dan hypertrophy otot. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain two group pretest-posttest design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan teknik random sampling berjumlah 32 orang. Instrumen untuk mengukur kekuatan menggunakan back and leg dynamometer merk Takei buatan Jepang. Instrumen untuk mengukur power menggunakan Jump Duration of Fright (JDF) seri TKK 5114 buatan Jepang, satuan sentimeter. Instrumen untuk mengukur lingkar otot paha …

Effects Of An Aqueous Extract Of Withania Somnifera On Strength Training Adaptations And Recovery: The Star Trial, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Anurag W. Kedia, Jennifer E. Sandrock, Betsy J. Raub, Chad Kerksick, Hector L. Lopez

Faculty Scholarship

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is an Ayurvedic herb categorized as having “rasayana” (rejuvenator), longevity, and revitalizing properties. Sensoril® is a standardized aqueous extract of the roots and leaves of Withania somnifera. Purpose: To examine the impact of Sensoril^® supplementation on strength training adaptations. Methods: Recreationally active men (26.5 ± 6.4 years, 181 ± 6.8 cm, 86.9 ± 12.5 kg, 24.5 ± 6.6% fat) were randomized in a double-blind fashion to placebo (PLA, n = 19) or 500 mg/d Sensoril^® (S500, n = 19). Body composition (DEXA), muscular strength, power, and endurance, 7.5 km cycling time trial, and clinical blood …

Effects Of Protein Supplementation On Performance And Recovery In Resistance And Endurance Training, Harry P. Cintineo, Michelle A. Arent, Jose Antonio, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak

Faculty Publications

There is robust evidence which shows that consuming protein pre- and/or post-workout induces a significant rise in muscle protein synthesis. It should be noted, however, that total daily caloric and protein intake over the long term play the most crucial dietary roles in facilitating adaptations to exercise. However, once these factors are accounted for, it appears that peri-exercise protein intake, particularly in the post-training period, plays a potentially useful role in terms of optimizing physical performance and positively influencing the subsequent recovery processes for both resistance training and endurance exercise. Factors that affect the utility of pre- or post-workout feeding …