Kinesiology Commons^™

Resistance Training And Bone Mineral Density During Growth, M. Z. Smith, B. M. Goettsch, R. D. Van Ramshorst, J. A. O'Brien, S. V. Jaque, Ken D. Sumida

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

This study examined the efficacy of two different resistance training programs in enhancing bone modeling and bone mineral density (BMD) in maturating rats. One exercise mode involved lifting a lighter weight with more repetitions (LI), while the other regimen involved lifting a heavier weight with fewer repetitions (HI) where the total volume of work between exercise programs was equivalent by design. Twenty-three male rats were randomly divided into control (Con, n = 8), LI (n = 7), and HI (n = 8) groups. The LI and HI groups were conditioned to climb a vertical ladder with weights appended to their …

Interrupted Vs. Uninterrupted Training On Bmd During Growth, B. M. Goettsch, M. Z. Smith, J. A. O'Brien, G. V. Gomez, S. V. Jaque, Ken D. Sumida

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

This study compared a resistance training program where the exercise was uninterrupted (UT, i.e., continuous repetitions) against a resistance training program where the exercise was interrupted (IT, i.e., 3 exercise sessions during a training day) for enhancing bone modeling and bone mineral density (BMD) in maturating animals. The total volume of work performed between the two resistance training programs was equivalent by design. 24 young male rats were randomly divided into Control (Con, n = 8), UT (n = 8) and IT (n=8) resistance trained groups. The UT and IT groups were conditioned to climb a vertical ladder with weights …

Effects And Mechanisms Of Female Sex Hormone Influence On Skeletal Muscle Inflammation, Sobia Iqbal

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that estrogen will attenuate leukocyte infiltration into skeletal muscle following eccentric exercise. However the mechanisms by which estrogen exerts its effects are still uncertain. In experiment one, we investigated the role of estrogen receptor (ER) influence on muscle leukocyte infiltration following eccentric exercise through administration of the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 following downhill running in ovariectomized female rats with (E+) or without (E-) estrogen supplementation. At 24 hours post-exercise, soleus and white vastus muscles were removed and immunostained for HIS48 (neutrophil) and EDI (macrophage) positive cells. The increase in number of fibres positive …

Contributions Of Vision To Gait Improvement And Perceptual Impairment In Parkinson’S Disease, Chad A. Lebold

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Exercise Intensity On Exercise Induced Diaphragm Fatigue In Female Subjects, Anthony Errol Aqui

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Exercise induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH), expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and exercise induced diaphragm fatigue (EIDF) are examples of how the pulmonary system limits endurance exercise. The differences in the female anatomy and hormone fluctuations have been reported to cause differences in the occurrence of EIAH and EFL in males and females. EIDF has been reported to occur in males, but to date no investigations have reported the occurrence of EIDF in females. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of exercise induced diaphragm fatigue (EIDF) in females identified by significant reductions in transdiaphramatic pressure (P_{di …}

Effects Of Orthotic Intervention During Running Among Individuals With Functional Flatfoot, E. Anne Cunningham

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Foot orthotics are commonly prescribed to runners with functional flatfoot (FFF) with the goal of restoring the medial arch of the foot. In addition, treadmills are typically used by both clinicians and researchers in order to measure the lower extremity kinematics associated with running. However the mechanism of orthotic intervention as well as the accuracy of treadmills in representing overground running remains controversial within the literature.

This thesis first compared the lower extremity kinematics between treadmill and overground running among individuals with a subtalar neutral foot type. The results indicated no significant differences with respect to rate of rearfoot angle, …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Various Exercise Interventions On Parkinson’S Disease, Michael D. Sage

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The overall purpose of the current thesis was to evaluate the influence of various exercise strategies on Parkinson’s disease (PD). While countless exercise interventions have been investigated by PD, results have been weak and inconclusive at best. As such, there are currently no scientifically-validated recommendations for an optimal exercise intervention. The four studies comprising this thesis have attempted to address the shortcomings of previous literature, namely, inconsistent use of outcome measures, lack of PD symptomatic measures, varying lengths of exercise interventions, absence of a non-exercise control group, continued assessment of participants after exercise has ended, and verifying replicabilty of findings. …

Effect Of The SmartstepTm Stabilization System On Balance In Older Adults In An Independent Living Residence, Ann L. Livengood

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

An increase in postural sway is one of the risk factors that have been linked to an increased incidence of falls in the older adult population. Researchers have shown that peripheral sensation is crucial in maintaining a static posture for adults of all ages. It has been reported that older adults have decreased tactile sensation of the plantar surface of their feet. and when the sensory feedback was increased older adults had improved postural control. It was hypothesized that facilitation of the sole of the foot with the use of a semirigid foot orthotic would result in improved postural stability …

A Biomechanical Analysis Of Male And Female Intermediate Hurdlers And Steeplechasers, Laurence R. Bollschweiler

Theses and Dissertations

In the sport of track and field, proper hurdling technique is a complicated combination of various running and jumping kinematics. With most research having been done on sprint hurdling, there is a growing need for research on hurdling events of different lengths. The intermediate hurdles (IH) and the steeplechase (SC) are two events where there are a number of differences in hurdling technique. This study compared the differences in hurdling technique between events (IH and SC) as well as the differences in technique between genders. Subjects for this study consisted of 20 elite intermediate hurdlers (10 male, 10 female) and …

Towards An Understanding Of Salient Neighborhood Boundaries: Adolescent Reports Of An Easy Walking Distance And Convenient Driving Distance, Natalie Colabianchi, Marsha Dowda, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Dwayne E. Porter, Maria João Ca Almeida, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Numerous studies have examined the association between the surrounding neighborhood environment and physical activity levels in adolescents. Many of these studies use a road network buffer or Euclidean distance buffer around an adolescent's home to represent the appropriate geographic area for study (i.e., neighborhood). However, little empirical research has examined the appropriate buffer size to use when defining this area and there is little consistency across published research as to the buffer size used. In this study, 909 12th grade adolescent girls of diverse racial and geographic backgrounds were asked to report their perceptions of an easy walking distance and …

Communicator, Dec. 2007, San Jose State University, Department Of Kinesiology

Communicator (Kinesiology)

Volume 20, Issue 2

Low Back Pain Among College Athletes - A Survey Of Basketball Players, Swimmers, Track And Field Athletes And Nonathletic Controls, Nicholas Bacon

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Study Design. Cross-sectional survey among athletes competing at the collegiate level in basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as a matched nonathletic control group. Objective. To compare the prevalence of low back pain between sports: basketball, swimming, and track and field, as well as nonathletic control group. Summary of Background Data. With conflicting reports, it is not clear whether athletes are at higher risk for low back pain when compared to nonathletic counterparts. Some literature has found that low back pain was less common in former elite athletes when compared to nonathletes; however, much of the literature supports …

Can A Screening Algorithm For Obstructive Sleep Apnea Be Formulated From Maximal Exercise Test Variables?, Stacy Marie Lueking

Kinesiology Theses - Archive

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary and electrocardiography exercise testing responses of overweight individuals between one group, at low-risk (LR) for developing OSA, versus another group at high-risk (HR) for developing OSA. Methods: Both men (N = 11) and women (N = 11) participated in the study (age 37.00 ± 12.55 yrs., BMI 35.61 ± 6.43). Each subject was assigned to one of two groups, LR (AHI ≤ 5) or HR (AHI > 5) depending upon their overnight AHI score from the ApneaLink® sleep report. In the LR (age 30.45 ± 8.40 yrs., BMI 34.93 …

An Assessment Of Athletic Health Care Provided To High School Athletes In Indiana, Lori Jane Vancza

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess various aspects of athletic health care being provided to athletes in high risk sports in Indiana and the personnel providing this care relative to school enrollment size in comparison to the recent recommendations published by the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) regarding appropriate medical care for secondary school-aged athletes. Design and Settings: Based on a literature review, a 34 item web based survey for athletic directors (ADs) and a 33 item web based survey for identified head coaches were developed and distributed to 406 Indiana High School ADs. The survey instruments …

Consistent Self-Monitoring Of Weight: A Key Component Of Successful Weight Loss Maintenance, Meghan L. Butryn, Suzanne Phelan, James O. Hill, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: The objectives were to investigate the characteristics associated with frequent self-weighing and the relationship between self-weighing and weight loss maintenance.
Research Methods and Procedures: Participants (n = 3003) were members of the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) who had lost ≥30 lbs, kept it off for ≥1 year, and had been administered the self-weighing frequency assessment used for this study at baseline (i.e., entry to the NWCR). Of these, 82% also completed the one-year follow-up assessment.
Results: At baseline, 36.2% of participants reported weighing themselves at least once per day, and more frequent weighing was associated with lower BMI …

Acl Deficiency Affects Stride-To-Stride Variability As Measured Using Nonlinear Methodology, Constantina O. Moraiti, Nikolaos Stergiou, Stavros Ristanis, Anastasios D. Georgoulis

Journal Articles

Previous studies suggested that the small fluctuations present in movement patterns from one stride to the next during walking can be useful in the investigation of various pathological conditions. Previous studies using nonlinear measures have resulted in the development of the “loss of complexity hypothesis” which states that disease can affect the variability and decrease the complexity of a system, rendering it less able to adjust to the ever changing environmental demands. The nonlinear measure of the Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) has already been used for the assessment of stride-to-stride variability in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee in comparison …

Effects Of Knee Bracing On Vertical Jumping Performance In Healthy College Aged Males, Rebecca E. Rausch

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Knee bracing is used at all levels of athletics to prevent or support existing knee injuries; however, little research has been conducted on the effects of knee braces on athletic performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how two different types of knee braces, semi-customizable braces and knee sleeves, affect vertical jumping performance. Subjects were nine college aged males who regularly participated in athletic activity. Subjects performed a task consisting of a drop jump from a height of 18 inches, landing in a squat position, followed immediately by a maximal vertical jump while wearing two different knee …

Effects Of An Angled Starting Block On Sprint Start Kinematics, Nathaniel A. Brown

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of an angled proto-type starting block on sprint start kinematics. The angled starting block rotates the foot medially at a 16 degree angle, which emulates the 16 degree angle of the ankle on the medial axis of the foot. This 16 degree should allow for the athlete to apply more force against the block, resulting in a higher velocity at take-off and a faster block clearance time. In the present study, six female collegiate sprinters were filmed and analyzed using the angled starting block and a standard starting block. …

Exercise Induced Hypervolemia: Role Of Exercise Mode, William Bradley Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

The supine posture has been shown to limit exercise-induced plasma volume expansion. Differences in hydrostatic pressure gradients between the standing and seated position indicate that treadmill exercise might promote a greater plasma volume expansion than cycle ergometer exercise. To test this hypothesis ten subjects performed intermittent high intensity exercise (4 min at 85% VO2max, 5 min at 40% VO2max repeated 8 times) on separate days on the treadmill and cycle ergometer. Changes in plasma volume expansion were calculated from changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin. Stroke volume (SV), trans-thoracic impedance (Z0), HR, and arterial blood pressure (non-invasive arm cuff, SBP & …

Comparison Of A Low Carbohydrate And Low Fat Diet For Weight Maintenance In Overweight Or Obese Adults Enrolled In A Clinical Weight Management Program, James D. Lecheminant, Cheryl A. Gibson, Debra K. Sullivan, Sandra Hall, Rik Washburn, Mary C. Vernon, Chelsea Curry, Elizabeth Stewart, Eric C. Westman, Joseph E. Donnelly

Faculty Publications

Background: Recent evidence suggests that a low carbohydrate (LC) diet may be equally or more effective for short-term weight loss than a traditional low fat (LF) diet; however, less is known about how they compare for weight maintenance. The purpose of this study was to compare body weight (BW) for participants in a clinical weight management program, consuming a LC or LF weight maintenance diet for 6 months following weight loss. Methods: Fifty-five (29 low carbohydrate diet; 26 low fat diet) overweight/obese middle-aged adults completed a 9 month weight management program that included instruction for behavior, physical activity (PA), and …

Why Do High School Seniors Drink? Implications For A Targeted Approach To Intervention, Donna L. Coffman, Megan E. Patrick, Lori Ann Palen, Brittany L. Rhoades, Alison K. Ventura

Kinesiology and Public Health

The transition from high school to college provides a potentially critical window to intervene and reduce risky behavior among adolescents. Understanding the motivations (e.g., social, coping, enhancement) behind high school seniors’ alcohol use could provide one important avenue to reducing risky drinking behaviors. In the present study, latent class analysis was used to examine the relationship between different patterns of drinking motivations and behaviors in a sample of 12th graders (N = 1,877) from the 2004 Monitoring the Future survey. Unlike previous variable-centered analyses, this person-centered approach identifies types of motivations that cluster together within individuals and relates membership …

Empirical Evaluation Of Physical Activity Recommendations For Weight Control In Women, Suzanne Phelan, Marta Roberts, Wei Lang, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Purpose:Recent recommendations advise 30-60 min of physical activity per day to prevent weight gain and 60-90 min to prevent weight regain. No studies have used objective measures of physical activity to verify these public health recommendations. The purpose of this study was to use objective measures to quantify the amount and intensity of physical activity in a weight-loss-maintainer group and an always-normal-weight group, and, thus, empirically evaluate the recommendations for prevention of weight gain versus regain.

Methods: The weight-loss-maintainer group (N= 135) lost ≥ 30.6 kg, maintained ≥ 10% weight loss for 14.2 yr, and had a BMI of …

Internal Disinhibition Predicts Weight Regain Following Weight Loss And Weight Loss Maintenance, Heather M. Niemeier, Suzanne Phelan, Joseph L. Fava, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: The disinhibition scale of the Eating Inventory predicts weight loss outcome; however, it may include multiple factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the disinhibition scale and determine how its factors independently relate to long-term weight loss outcomes.
Research Methods and Procedures: Exploratory factor analysis of the disinhibition scale was conducted on 286 participants in a behavioral weight loss trial (TRIM), and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on 3345 members of the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), a registry of successful weight loss maintainers. Multivariate regressions were used to examine the relationships between …

Approximate Entropy Detects The Effect Of A Secondary Cognitive Task On Postural Control In Healthy Young Adults: A Methodological Report, James T. Cavanaugh, Vicki S. Mercer, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background: Biomechanical measures of postural stability, while generally useful in neuroscience and physical rehabilitation research, may be limited in their ability to detect more subtle influences of attention on postural control. Approximate entropy (ApEn), a regularity statistic from nonlinear dynamics, recently has demonstrated relatively good measurement precision and shown promise for detecting subtle change in postural control after cerebral concussion. Our purpose was to further explore the responsiveness of ApEn by using it to evaluate the immediate, short-term effect of secondary cognitive task performance on postural control in healthy, young adults.

Methods: Thirty healthy, young adults performed a modified version …

Effects Of Placement, Attachment, And Weight Classification On Pedometer Accuracy, Susan V. Graser, William J. Vincent, Robert P. Pangrazi

Faculty Publications

The purpose was to determine if waist placement of the pedometer affected accuracy in normal, overweight, and obese children, when attaching the pedometer to the waistband or a belt. Methods: Seventy-seven children (ages 10-12 years) wore 5 pedometers on the waistband of their pants and a belt at the following placements: navel (NV), anterior midline of the right thigh (AMT), right side (RS), posterior midline of the right thigh (PMT), and middle of the back (MB). Participants walked 100 steps on a treadmill at 80 m · min–1. Results: The RS, PMT, and MB sites on the waistband and the …

Communicator, Sept. 2007, San Jose State University, Department Of Kinesiology

Communicator (Kinesiology)

Volume 20, Issue 1

Impact Of Weight Loss On The Metabolic Syndrome, Suzanne Phelan, T. A. Wadden, R. I. Berkowitz, D. B. Sarwer, L. G. Womble, R. K. Cato, R. Rothman

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of weight loss on the risk of having metabolic syndrome after 1 year of treatment with lifestyle modification alone, pharmacotherapy alone (sibutramine) or the combination of the two.

Design:
Randomized, controlled, 1-year clinical trial.

Patients:
One hundred and eighty women and 44 men, 18–65 years of age, with a body mass index of 30–45 kg/m2, free of uncontrolled hypertension or type 1 or 2 diabetes.

Intervention:
Fifteen milligrams of sibutramine per day alone, lifestyle modification counseling alone, sibutramine plus lifestyle modification counseling or sibutramine plus brief lifestyle modification counseling.

Measurements:
The metabolic syndrome, as defined …

Effects Of Age And Gender On Physical Performance, Vanina Bongard, Ann Y. Mcdermott, Gerard E. Dallal, Ernst J. Schaefer

Kinesiology and Public Health

Our purpose was to examine the effects of age and gender on physical performance. We assessed a one-hour swimming performance and participation of 4,271 presumably healthy men and women, aged 19–91 years, from the 2001–2003 United States Masters Swimming long-distance (1 h) national competition. The decline in performance with increasing age was found to be quadratic rather than linear. The equation which best fit variation in 1 h swimming distance in meters (m) according to variations in age in years (y) in men was: distance (m) = 4058 + 2.18 age−0.29 age (http://www.acsmmsse.org/pt/re/msse/positionstandards.htm;jsessionid=DiRVACC7YS3mq27s5kV3vwpEVSokmmD1ZJLC7pdnol3KcfoSu0t!1096311956!-949856145!9001!-1), with the same equation for women except …

Three-Year Weight Change In Successful Weight Losers Who Lost Weight On A Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Suzanne Phelan, Holly Wyatt, Shirine Nassery, Julia Dibello, Joseph L. Fava, James O. Hill, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term weight loss and eating and exercise behaviors of successful weight losers who lost weight using a low-carbohydrate diet.
Research Methods and Procedures: This study examined 3-year changes in weight, diet, and physical activity in 891 subjects (96 low-carbohydrate dieters and 795 others) who enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry between 1998 and 2001 and reported ≥ 30-lb weight loss and ≥ 1 year weight loss maintenance.
Results: Only 10.8% of participants reported losing weight after a low-carbohydrate diet. At entry into the study, low-carbohydrate diet users reported consuming more …

Peripheral Arterial Disease Affects Ground Reaction Forces During Walking, Melissa Scott-Pandorf, Nikolaos Stergiou, Jason Johanning, Leon Robinson, Thomas G. Lynch, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Objective: Claudication is the most common manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), producing significant ambulatory compromise. The gait of claudicating patients has been evaluated using primarily temporal and spatial parameters. With the present study, we used advanced biomechanical measures to further delineate the ambulatory impairment of claudicating patients. We hypothesized that the claudicating legs of PAD patients have an altered kinetic gait pattern compared with normal legs from control subjects.

Methods: Ambulation kinetics (ground reaction forces) were evaluated in claudicating patients and compared with age-matched healthy controls. Forces were analyzed in the vertical, anterior–posterior, and medial–lateral directions. Time from heel …