Kinesiology Commons^™

A Comparison Of Linear And Daily Undulating Periodizied Strength Training Programs., Andrew Morrow Caldwell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to compare linear periodized (LP) and daily undulating (DUP) periodized strength training programs, and determine if either method of periodization elicits superior gains in 1 Repetitions maximums (1RM) for back squat (BS) and bench press (BP) (core exercises). Nineteen subjects (n=19) underwent a 6-week resistance-training (RT) program. Participants performed both BS and BP two day a week. The LP group linearly increased intensity while decreasing volume. While the DUP group daily changed intensity and volume. Total volume for both BS and BP were equal for both LP and DUP. Both BP and BS increased …

Effects Of Video Modeling On Skill Acquisition In Learning The Golf Swing, Joshua L. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of video modeling on skill acquisition in learning the golf swing. One-hundred-eight college students participated in this study. All participants were pre-tested via videotaping to determine initial skill level. The pre-test videotaping was analyzed using DartTrainer software. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of three groups (1) control (2) single-view or (3) multi-view. Participants in the control group viewed a compact disc (CD) with a putting demonstration repeated 40 times. The participants in the single-view group viewed a CD with a front view only demonstration repeated 40 times of …

A Biomechanical Analysis Of Sprinters Vs. Distance Runners At Equal And Maximal Speeds, Tyler D. Bushnell

Theses and Dissertations

In the sport of track and field, sprinting and distance running represent two major categories of athletes. Sprinting is associated with power and speed, whereas distance running focuses on the economy of movement. With distance running there are elements of sprint technique that overlap. With distance events, there comes a time near the end of the race where economy gives way to speed. If the distance runners knew how to alter their technique in a way to become more sprint-like, this process could possibly be more successful. PURPOSE: This study compared the differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners …

Muscle Vibration's Effect On The Threshold Frequency Of An Electrically Induced Muscle Cramp, Joshua D. Williamson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of muscle vibration on the threshold frequency of an electrically-induced muscle cramp of the flexor hallucis brevis. Design and setting: This study used a 2 x 2 factorial design study. The independent variables consisted of treatment ( control and vibration) and time (pretest and post-test). The dependent variable was the threshold frequency of an electrically induced muscle cramp. Subjects: 16 healthy individuals, aged 21.6 ± 8.0 years, free from any lower extremity neurological, muscular, or vascular pathology were used in this study. Methods: Subjects reported on three consecutive days …

The Long Term Effects Of Short-Wave Diathermy And Long-Duration Static Stretch On Hamstring Flexibility, Daniel Joseph Graham

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To compare changes in hamstring flexibility from treatments of pulsed short- wave diathermy and prolonged stretch versus sham diathermy and prolonged stretch and control and to observe how long those changes last.

Background: Heat and stretch techniques have been touted for years. To date, the effect of short-wave diathermy and hamstring stretching has not been thoroughly studied. Because diathermy heats a large area and penetrates deep into the muscle, use of this device prior to or during hamstring stretching may increase flexibility and these gains may last longer.

Study Design: A randomized, counterbalanced 3x2x6 repeated measures design. The 3 …

Use Of Pedometers To Promote Improvement In Selected Physiological Measurements In An Older Female Mexican American Population, Zasha Romero

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The problem of this study was to determine if pedometers promoted daily walking exercise reflected by changes on selected physiological measurements in older Mexican American females. Significance in the study was determined at the 95% level of confidence. The researcher offered the null hypothesis of no difference in results from the pretest to the posttest in both the control and treatment groups for the selected physiological measurements. The subjects of this study were 55 Mexican-American females ages 60 to 75. The subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) method was used to …

Effects Of Different Jumping Programs On Hip And Spine Bone Mineral Density In Pre-Menopausal Women, J. Eric Strong

Theses and Dissertations

Sixty premenopausal women (age 25-50) finished a 16 week randomized controlled trial looking at the effects of different jump programs on hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD). Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two jumping groups. The Jump 10 group performed 10 jumps with 30 seconds of rest between jumps, twice daily, while the Jump 20 group performed the same protocol but with 20 jumps. At 8 weeks, BMD percent change (%Δ) at the hip was significantly different among groups when age, weight change, and subject compliance were simultaneously adjusted. In particular, the Jump …

Evaluating The Influence Of Massage On Leg Strength, Swelling, And Pain Following A Half-Marathon, Lance G. Dawson, Kimberley A. Dawson, Peter M. Tiidus

Kinesiology and Physical Education Faculty Publications

Massage therapy is commonly used following endurance running races with the expectation that it will enhance post-run recovery of muscle function and reduce soreness. A limited number of studies have reported little or no influence of massage therapy on post-exercise muscle recovery. However, no studies have been conducted in a field setting to assess the potential for massage to influence muscle recovery following an actual endurance running race. To evaluate the potential for repeated massage therapy interventions to influence recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscle soreness, recovery of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and reduction of upper leg muscle swelling …

Understanding The Role Of Behavior And Cognitions In A Group Exercise Setting, Tina L. Shrigley, Kimberley A. Dawson

Kinesiology and Physical Education Faculty Publications

The first purpose of the present study examined whether individuals with different exercise behaviors (classified by attendance) experienced different or similar cognitive patterns. It was hypothesized that different behavior would lead to different cognitive appraisals. It was predicted that there would be a difference between the three behavioral frequency groups with regard to self-efficacy measures and goal measures. The second purpose of the study was to describe, evaluate and observe whether social factors were associated with participating in exercise in groups. It was hypothesized that those who engage in exercise classes would elicit a social focus. Participants for the study …

Physical Activity Among Children Attending Preschools, Russell R. Pate, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Stewart G. Trost, Paula Ziegler, Marsha Dowda

Faculty Publications

Objectives. Obesity rates are increasing among children of all ages, and reduced physical activity is a likely contributor to this trend. Little is known about the physical activity behavior of preschool-aged children or about the influence of preschool attendance on physical activity. The purpose of this study was to describe the physical activity levels of children while they attend preschools, to identify the demographic factors that might be associated with physical activity among those children, and to determine the extent to which children’s physical activity varies among preschools.

Methods. A total of 281 children from 9 preschools wore an Actigraph …

The Effect Of The Walking Speed On The Stability Of The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Knee, Nikolaos Stergiou, Constantina O. Moraiti, Giannis Giakas, Stavros Ristanis, Anastasios D. Georgoulis

Journal Articles

Background. The reasons behind the development of future pathology in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency are unknown. This is due to the lack of appropriate methods to assess functional dynamic knee stability. In this study, we investigated the effect of walking speed on the functional dynamic stability of the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee. We defined functional dynamic stability as local stability or the sensitivity of the knee to small perturbations. The natural stride-to-stride variations that exist during locomotion reflect exactly the presence of these perturbations. We hypothesized that speed will affect local stability in the deficient knee, …

Medical Triggers Are Associated With Better Short- And Long-Term Weight Loss Outcomes, Amy A. Gorin, Suzanne Phelan, James O. Hill, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background. Medical events are often reported as triggers for weight loss, but it is unknown whether medical triggers result in better short- and long-term weight control.
Methods. The relationship between medical triggers and weight loss was examined in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), a database of individuals who have lost ≥30 lbs and kept it off for ≥1 year. Recall of weight loss triggers may become difficult over time, thus participants were limited to those reporting weight loss (1) participants with medical triggers (N = 207), (2) participants with nonmedical triggers (N = 539), and (3) participants …

The Effects Of Three Different Ice Bath Immersion Times On Numbness (Sensation Of Pressure), Surface Temperature, And Perceived Pain, Norma E. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: Determine if numbness differs in magnitude and duration between 10-, 15-, and 20-min ice bath immersions, when temperature was held constant. Design: Dependant variables; sensation of pressure (g), perceived pain (cm), and skin temperature (º C). A repeated measures 3 X 19 factorial guided this study. Conditions were 10-, 15-, and 20-min ice bath immersions. Measurement times were before immersion, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 20 min immersion, and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 min postimmersion. Subjects: Eighteen college-aged volunteers. Measurements: Subjects participated in three ice bath immersions (10, 15, …

Variance In Percent Body Fat Between And Within Families As Measured By Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Laurel Anne Kelsey

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To determine the variance in percent body fat between and within families as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Percent body fat (%BF) assessed in 95 females, 120 males (included 54 sets of biological siblings) using DXA. Physical activity questionnaire used to assess current physical activity habits in each participant. Results: Variance in %BF between and within families is similar. Amount of television viewing and levels of physical activity can affect %BF. Discussion: A model such as the one derived in this study can be a useful tool in intervention programs implemented to decrease obesity.

The Effects Of The Type Of Skill Assessment On The Motivation Of Students In Physical Education, Tyler Gene Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the effects of criterion-referenced (i.e., Programmed Practice Sheet or PPS) and norm-referenced (i.e., standardized) skill assessments on the situational motivation of junior high school physical education students (N = 507), (2) determine if student task and ego dispositions could be affected by the type of skill assessment administered, and (3) determine if having choices of skill level affects student situational motivation and perception of autonomy support. Student situational motivation, task and ego disposition, and sense of autonomy were assessed using the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS), Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), and …

Can Professional Development Programs Help Close The Achievement Gap?, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This paper explores the question of whether it is possible to design professional development programs for teachers that can significantly improve student test results and reduce the achievement gap for students.

The Dayton (Ohio) Foundation and the Montgomery County (Ohio) Educational Service Center, sponsors of The Miami Valley Teacher/Leadership Academy, answer this question with a resounding yes. Recent results indicate that the academy's two-year program, designed to provide professional development to help improve student test scores, not only succeeded in significantly improving the student proficiency mean score, but also considerably reduced the achievement gap for participating students.

This paper includes …

The Effects Of Differing Bicycle Frame Geometry On Muscle Recruitment Strategies And Power During A 30-Second Wingate Anaerobic Test, Patrick Hills-Meyer

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to test how changing the bicycle frame geometry; from a shallow frame geometry [seat tube angle (STA) of 72°] to a steep frame geometry (STA of 82°) affected the electromyographic (EMG) signal of the hamstrings [biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles] and the quadriceps [vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL)] and power (max, mean, min, and, % drop) during a Wingate anaerobic test (WAT). To measure the muscle recruitment and power, 12 experienced triathletes were prepped with surface electrodes to measure EMG amplitude and an electrogoniometer to measure knee joint angle while …

Comparison Of Selected Orthotic Devices On Ground Reaction Forces Produced During A Drop Landing, Betsy Faye Halwes

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: The effect of different types of athletic shoes, foot orthoses, and other arch support materials on lower extremity kinetics and ground reaction forces during walking and running gait has been documented; however, the potential effects of such devices on ground reaction forces during drop landings has not been extensively studied. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if over-the-counter orthotics, made of the same material, affect vertical and mediolateral ground reaction forces during a drop landing. Design and Setting: A lx3 repeated measures design guided this study where the independent variable, orthotic, has 3 levels (no orthotic-control, …

The Effect Of Computer Versus Cadaver-Based Instruction On Anxiety Levels In Athletic Training Students, Elise Buckner

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare student anxiety level in computerand cadaver-based anatomy instruction. Design and Setting: The study used a preinstruction and post-instruction survey design. This study took place in a generic classroom setting, where instruction focused on computer-generated laboratory models of human anatomy and cadaveric instruction of human anatomy. Subjects: The subjects were 29 students from the Entry-Level Athletic Training Education Program at Indiana State University. Measurements: Science anxiety was measured before and after laboratory instruction. Results: The cadaver-based instruction group showed no statistical difference in their anxiety level (pre12.3±6.7, post13.0±5.1), however, the computer-based instruction …

Predictors Of Job Placement After Successful Completion Of An Accredited Graduate Athletic Training Education Program, James A. Gibson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Context: Indicators such as grade point average (GPA) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores have been used to predict academic achievement at the graduate level. However, academic success measured, in part by these variables have not been used to predict clinical job placement. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if academic predictors exist for classifying students in employment settings following completion of a Masters degree from an accredited Graduate Athletic Training Education Program. Design: The criterion variables were initial and current job placement after completion of Indiana State University's accredited Graduate Athletic Training Education Program. The predictor …

Effects Of Warm-Up And Stretching On Vertical Jump Performance And Leg Power, Douglas C. Samuelson

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study compared the effects of a general warm-up, a general warm-up and sitting quietly, a general warm-up and static stretching, and a general warm-up and ballistic stretching protocols on vertical jump performance and leg power. Eleven National Collegiate Athletic Assoiciation (NCAA) Division 1-A female volleyball players served as subjects. The subjects performed four treatments prior to the three vertical jump trials, consisting of a general warm-up, a warm-up and sitting quietly, a warm-up and static stretch, and a warm-up and dynamic stretch. The subjects also performed a Sit and Reach test prior to and after each treatment to determine …

From Colorblindness To Intercultural Sensitivity: Infusing Diversity Training In Pete Programs, Joe W. Burden Jr., Samuel R. Hodge, Camille P. O'Bryant, Louis Harrison Jr.

Kinesiology and Public Health

In this paper, we advocate infusing diversity training across physical education teacher education (PETE) programs and curricula (DeSensi, 1995). Specifically, we call for PETE programs to provide curriculum content and professional socialization experiences that enhance intercultural sensitivity to better prepare novice teachers for working effectively with students of various cultures and ethnicities (DeSensi, 1995; Hodge, 2003). We discuss (a) changing demographics in society and schools with implications for preparing teachers, (b) moving from ethnocentricism to ethnorelativism of intercultural sensitivity, (c) implementing NCATE diversity initiatives, (d) infusing diversity training in PETE programs, and (e) understanding physical activity and sport participation patterns …

The Effects Of Plyometrics Training On Neuromuscular Responses And Ground Reaction Forces Surrounding The Knee, Barbara Mcdowell

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Several investigations have noted altered kinetic and neuromuscular landing patterns in adolescent female athletes following various plyometrics programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a time-limited plyometrics training program on neuromuscular responses and peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) in Division I collegiate soccer players. Sixteen (8 male, age=l9.38 ± 1.4 yrs, ht= 178.44 ± 8.99 cm, mass =80.38 ± 8.37 kg; 8 female, age=19.75 ± 0.71 yrs, ht=163.83 ± 4.30 cm, mass =62.13 ± 6.29 kg) athletes completed the testing protocol and plyometric training. Seven (3 male, average age=22.00 ± 1.00 yrs, average height=171.88 …

An Assessment Of High School Coaches Knowledge Of Exercise-Induced Asthma, Shannon L. Wilson

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a common disorder that occurs in individuals who compete in recreational activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of EIA for high school athletic coaches. A 22 question demographic instrument was used for background information, and an 18 question multiple-choice assessment was used to assess knowledge of prevention, recognition and management of EIA. A panel of experts reviewed and modified the survey instruments, which were piloted at a local private high school prior to distribution. The survey was distributed to 250 high school coaches in the Hampton Roads area during a fall …

Qtc Is Associated With Obesity And Physical Activity Level For African American Females, C. Jayne Brahler

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular or ischemic disease mortality. Obesity as a cause for acquired LQTS in otherwise healthy individuals is rapidly gaining the attention of the scientific community. African American people have a higher incidence of obesity compared to Caucasians, yet race-specific information is not available for their prevalence of LQTS. Chronic physical activity can help reduce the incidence of obesity, yet little is known about the effects of chronic physical activity on acquired LQTS. Subjects in this study were a volunteer sample of African American mothers (21-53 yr, n = 44) and …

The Effects Of Ankle Taping And Spatting On The Reaction Times Of The Supporting Musculature Of The Ankle Before And After Exercise In Healthy And Functionally Unstable Ankles, Jennifer I. Mckenzie

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Ankle taping is a common practice in the athletic training room, but there is minimal evidence to support its effectiveness in enhancing muscle activation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle taping on muscle activation following sudden inversion in functionally unstable and healthy ankles before and after exercise. Fourteen recreational athletes with a unilateral functionally unstable ankle volunteered to participate. Surface EMG electrodes were placed on the peroneals and anterior tibialis muscles of both extremities. Each subject received four treatment conditions; ankle taping, ankle taping with spatting, spatting, and no tape in a randomly assigned, …

Effect Of Cycling Cadence On Economy At High Power, Carol Beatriz Ennser

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

This study was designed to determine the most economical cadence for cyclists at high power outputs (> 300 W). Six cyclists and two triathletes (age 31.5 ± 8.8 yr, mass 76.9 ± 8.6 kg, VO₂max 4.84 ± 0.36 Lmin^·1, weekly training 318 ± 118 km) who were capable of riding a bicycle at a speed of 40 kph for 10 min (solo) participated in five tests on a bicycle ergometer. The preliminary test measured subjects' VO₂max. After that, subjects completed four trials, each at a predetermined cadence as follows: 60, 80, 100 and 120 …

The Effect Of Wearing Mouthguards On Vo2, Ventilation, And Perceived Exertion At Two Different Exercise Intensities, Jeffrey Scott Hurst

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To assess the effects of wearing a protective mouthguard during exercise on ventilation and oxygen consumption.
Design and Setting: All participants performed a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Each participant also performed 6 submaximal exercise tests while wearing one of two facemasks (nasal or non-nasal breathing) and one of three mouthguard conditions (no mouthguard, boil and bite, custom-fit). Steady-state VO2, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and other ventilatory values were measured at 60% and 80% of VO2max during each submaximal exercise test. All 6 submaximal exercise tests were completed within …

Effects Of A Tape Cast, Air-Stirrup, And An Air-Stirrup Applied Over A Taped Ankle On Dynamic Ankle Inversion, Justin K. Freeman

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To compare the tape cast, and an Air-Stirrup/closed basketweave combination to the Air-Stirrup alone with respect to their effects on dynamic ankle inversion.

Design and Setting: This study used a repeated measures design with the independent variables being the exercise bout and the ankle support method (4 levels: no support, Air-Stirrup only, Air-Stirrup/closed basketweave, and tape cast). The 2 dependent variables were total inversion and maximum inversion velocity. Measurements were taken before and after an exercise bout, and all trials were conducted in the university's human performance laboratory.

Subjects: 16 subjects (11 male, 5 female, age 24.3 ± 1.8 …

Examination Of Adolescent Physical Activity And Overweight Levels , Maika Elizabeth Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

Research suggests declines in physical activity may occur after age 12. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between adolescent physical activity, BMI, and nutrition. Adolescents, ages 12-17 (N = 223), wore pedometers for 11 consecutive days and completed a nutrition survey, the Youth Adolescent Questionnaire. Activity levels did not differ among the ages of 12-17 year old adolescents, and boys were more active than girls. There was a low, but significant relationship between BMI and physical activity levels for both boys and girls. Energy intake was not related to BMI or physical activity levels in boys …