Kinesiology Commons^™

Caffeine Consumption Patterns And Beliefs Of College Freshmen, Gary Eugene Mcilvain

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Recently, energy drinks that contain high caffeine content without any age restrictions for purchase, have been introduced into the U.S. market. Caffeine consumption in the U.S. has increased dramatically, resulting in an increase in emergency room visits and calls to poison control centers. This increase in energy drink consumption, along with the traditional coffees, teas, and soft drinks that people consume regularly, have pushed caffeine consumption to new highs in a multi-billion dollar market.

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the amount of caffeine consumed by a sample of freshmen students at Marshall University, (2) their beliefs …

The Examination Of Control Entropy (Ce) Of Triaxial Accelerometry And Lactate Threshold In Runners During Treadmill Exercise, Michael A. Busa

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if the blood lactate threshold could be identified through the visual examination of the control entropy of high-resolution accelerometry in intercollegiate endurance runners (n=7).

In procedures approved by the Eastern Michigan University College of Health and Human Services Human Subject Review Board, runners performed two lactate threshold tests to determine the relationship between the pace of running and the blood lactate concentration. High-resolution accelerometry (HRA) data as well as the metabolic cost of exercise was also collected during these trials.

Control entropy (CE) analysis was conducted on the HRA of each individual …

Mediterranean Diet And Breast Density In The Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Study, Marilyn Tseng, Thomas A. Sellers, Robert A. Vierkant, Lawrence H. Kushi, Celine M. Vachon

Kinesiology and Public Health

Mediterranean populations’ lower breast cancer incidence has been attributed to a traditional Mediterranean diet, but few studies have quantified Mediterranean dietary pattern intake in relation to breast cancer. We examined the association of a Mediterranean diet scale (MDS) with mammographic breast density as a surrogate marker for breast cancer risk. Participants completed a dietary questionnaire and provided screening mammograms for breast density assessment using a computer-assisted method. Among 1,286 women, MDS was not clearly associated with percent density in multivariate linear regression analyses. Because of previous work suggesting dietary effects limited to smokers, we conducted stratified analyses and found MDS …

Dietary Patterns And Breast Density In The Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Study, Marilyn Tseng, Robert A. Vierkant, Lawrence H. Kushi, Thomas A. Sellers, Celine M. Vachon

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective Whether dietary patterns, rather than single foods or nutrients, are associated with breast density is not known. We investigated this in the Minnesota Breast Cancer Family Study. Methods Participants completed a 153-item food frequency questionnaire and provided screening mammograms for breast density assessment using a computer-assisted method. We used multivariate linear regression to quantify dietary pattern–breast density associations. Results Among 3,147 women with dietary information, three dietary patterns emerged from principal components analysis: a fruit–vegetable–cereal pattern, a salad–sauce–pasta/ grain pattern, and a meat–starch pattern. Among 1,286 women with breast density estimates, the fruit–vegetable–cereal and salad–sauce–pasta/grain patterns were inversely associated …

Food Frequency Questionnaires And Overnight Urines Are Valid Indicators Of Daidzein And Genistein Intake In U.S. Women Relative To Multiple 24-H Urine Samples, Marilyn Tseng, Temitope Olufade, Mindy S. Kurzer, Kristiina Wahala, Carolyn Y. Fang, Yvonne T. Van Der Schouw, Mary B. Daly

Kinesiology and Public Health

Data regarding convenient, valid methods for measuring U.S. isoflavone intake are limited. We evaluated a soy food questionnaire (SFQ), the Willett food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and overnight urine samples relative to excretion in 24-h urine samples. We also described intake among women in a high-risk program for breast or ovarian cancer. Between April 2002 and June 2003, 451 women aged 30 to 50 yr with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer completed the SFQ and FFQ. Of them, 27 provided four 24-h and overnight urine specimens. In these women, 24-h sample measures were correlated with SFQ estimates of …

Metabolic Syndrome And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Obese Individuals Seeking Weight Reduction, Adam Gilden Tsai, Thomas A. Wadden, David B. Sarwer, Robert I. Berkowitz, Leslie G. Womble, Louise A. Hesson, Suzanne Phelan, Rebecca Rothman

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: No previous research has examined the association between metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using standard criteria for defining MetSyn. We hypothesized that MetSyn would be associated with lower HRQoL on measures of physical and mental health.
Methods and Procedures: Participants were 361 individuals in two randomized weight loss trials. MetSyn was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Panel criteria. The Medical Outcomes Study, Short Form-36 (SF-36) was used to assess HRQoL. Differences in HRQoL and in clinical and psychosocial characteristics were compared among participants with and without MetSyn. Multiple regression was used to determine predictors …

Physical Activity Patterns In The National Weight Control Registry, Victoria A. Catenacci, Lorraine G. Ogden, Jennifer Stuht, Suzanne Phelan, Rena R. Wing, James O. Hill, Holly R. Wyatt

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) was established in 1993 to examine the characteristics of those who are successful at weight loss: individuals maintaining a 13.6-kg weight loss for >1 year. The size of the registry has increased substantially since the early descriptions of this group a decade ago. The purpose of this study was to describe in detail the weekly physical activity habits of NWCR members, to examine the relationship between amount of activity and demographic characteristics, and to determine if changes in activity parameters have occurred over time.
Methods and Procedures: Participants were 887 men and 2,796 …

Stepping Over Obstacles Of Different Heights And Varied Shoe Traction Alter The Kinetic Strategies Of The Leading Limb, Jeremy J. Houser, Leslie M. Decker, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

This study aims to investigate the effects of shoe traction and obstacle height on friction during walking to better understand the mechanisms required to avoid slippage following obstacle clearance. Ten male subjects walked at a self-selected pace during eight different conditions: four obstacle heights (0%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of limb length) while wearing two different pairs of shoes (low and high traction). Frictional forces were calculated from the ground reaction forces following obstacle clearance, which were sampled with a Kistler platform at 960 Hz. All frictional peaks increased with increases in obstacle height. Low traction shoes yielded smaller peaks …

Non-Preferred Limb Performance Following Prolonged Training Periods: Performance And Retention Of Skills, Matthew Thomas Mayer

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of the current study was to examine if a long-term training program could improve non-preferred limb performance on a battery of standard tasks (Annett Pegboard, Grooved Pegboard Place and Remove Phase) and non-standard tasks (Scroll Task and Line-crossing Task). Upon completion of the training sessions, two new tasks were introduced, Finger Tapping and Fitt’s Law Task, to examine if any performance improvements could be transferred. A second purpose of the study was to learn if a training program could increase the perceived comfort in using the non-preferred hand on the same testing tasks. Participants were assigned to a …

Effect Of A 5 Min Cold Water Immersion Recovery On Exercise Performance In The Heat, Jeremiah Peiffer, Chris Abbiss, Bradley Wall, Greig Watson, Kazunori Nosaka, Paul Laursen

Research outputs pre 2011

Background This study examined the effect of a 5-min cold-water immersion (14°C) recovery intervention on repeated cycling performance in the heat. Methods 10 male cyclists performed two bouts of a 25-min constant-paced (254 (22) W) cycling session followed by a 4-km time trial in hot conditions (35°C, 40% relative humidity). The two bouts were separated by either 15 min of seated recovery in the heat (control) or the same condition with 5-min cold-water immersion (5th—10th minute), using a counterbalanced cross-over design (CP1TT1 → CWI or CON → CP2TT2). Rectal temperature was measured immediately before and after both the constant-paced sessions …

A Light Load Eccentric Exercise Confers Protection Against A Subsequent Bout Of More Demanding Eccentric Exercise, Andrew Lavender, Kazunori Nosaka

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

Carbohydrate Gel Ingestion And Immunoendocrine Responses To Cycling In Temperate And Hot Conditions, Jonathan Peake, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Christopher R. Abbiss, Kazunori Nosaka, Paul B. Laursen, Katsuhiko Suzuki

Research outputs pre 2011

No abstract provided.

Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 16, James D. Westwood, B. Brown-Clerk, K.-C. Siu, D. Kastavelis, I. Lee, D. Oleynikov, Nikolaos Stergiou

Faculty Books and Monographs

Chapter, Validating Advanced Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Training Task in Virtual Reality, co-authored by Nicholas Stergiou, UNO faculty member.

We humans are tribal, grouping ourselves by a multitude of criteria: physical, intellectual, political, emotional, etc. The Internet and its auxiliary technologies have enabled a novel dimension in tribal behavior during our recent past. This growing connectivity begs the question: will individuals and their communities come together to solve some very urgent global problems? At MMVR, we explore ways to harness information technology to solve healthcare problems – and in the industrialized nations we are making progress. In the developing world however, things …

Relationship Between Physical Activity Level, Telomere Length, And Telomerase Activity, Andrew T. Ludlow, Jo B. Zimmerman, Sarah Witkowski, Joe W. Hearn, Bradley D. Hatfield, Stephen M. Roth

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of exercise energy expenditure (EEE) with both telomere length and telomerase activity in addition to accounting for hTERT C-1327T promoter genotype.

Joint Angle Changes With Varied Foot Positioning In Rock Climbing, Randall L. Jensen, Phillip B. Watts

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Quercetin On Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis And Oxphos Regulation, Jeff Lee Soileau

LSU Master's Theses

A high fat diet causes a reduction in the expression of the genes of the electron transport chain, mitochondrial carrier proteins, and PGC-1α and PGC-1ß mRNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to numerous chronic diseases. The antioxidant quercetin has been shown to protect against damage caused by exogenous and endogenous free radicals. The purpose of this study was to determine if quercetin would protect the genes of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and PGC-1ß) and OXPHOS regulation (NDUFB5 and SDHB) from the downregulation caused by consumption of a high fat diet. The quadriceps muscle was removed from 21 male, C57BL/6J mice that …

Evidence Of Self-Correcting Spiral Flows In Swimming Boxfishes, I. K. Bartol, M. S. Gordon, P. Webb, D. Weihs, M. Gharib

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The marine boxfishes have rigid keeled exteriors (carapaces) unlike most fishes, yet exhibit high stability, high maneuverability and relatively low drag given their large cross-sectional area. These characteristics lend themselves well to bioinspired design. Based on previous stereolithographic boxfish model experiments, it was determined that vortical flows develop around the carapace keels, producing self-correcting forces that facilitate swimming in smooth trajectories. To determine if similar self-correcting flows occur in live, actively swimming boxfishes, two species of boxfishes (Ostracion meleagris and Lactophrys triqueter) were induced to swim against currents in a water tunnel, while flows around the fishes were quantified …

The Mental, Emotional, And Bodily Toughness Inventory (Mebtough) [Survey Instrument], Mick G. Mack, Brian G. Ragan

Faculty Publications

The MeBTough is a 43-item, self-report measure of mental toughness. This one-dimensional scale assesses the mental, emotional, and physical (bodily) dimensions of toughness based on the writings of Loehr (1994). Respondents are asked to indicate how often they experience each item on a 4-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (Almost Never) to 4 (Almost Always). Nine of the items are designed to be reverse-scored. Responses to the 43 items are then summed to obtain a total score that can range from 43 to 172. Higher MeBTough scores indicate higher levels of mental toughness.

Good (Youth) Sports: Using Benefits-Based Programming To Increase Sportsmanship, Mary Sara Wells, Skye G. Arthur-Banning, Karen P. Paisley, Gary D. Ellis, Mark F. Roark, Kara M. Fisher

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Sportsmanship problems in youth sport have recently become a more prominent issue for parks and recreation professionals. Benefits-based programming is one method these professionals could use to address the issues of sportsmanship in their youth leagues. Recent studies and programs have successfully employed prosocial behavior techniques in this process as a means of improving the sportsmanship atmosphere in youth leagues. Previous research, however, has yet to compare the efficacy of such programs in comparison to a control group. Data for this study were gathered through observations of positive and negative sportsmanship behaviors youth basketball games at two local community centers. …

The Influence Of Peripheral Neuropathy On Walking Kinematics And Physical Function, Bradley Manor

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The 108th Congress (2005) has reported that 20 million U.S. citizens suffer from Peripheral Neuropathy (PN). Characterized by sensory nerve deterioration, PN reduces somatosensation (Padua et al., 2005) and increases the risk of fall-related injury (Richardson et al., 1992). The purpose of this dissertation was to provide insight into 1) the effects of acute loss of foot sole sensation on locomotor system health, 2) the effects of PN on locomotor system health, and 3) the underlying impairments associated with reduced physical function within the older adult and PN populations. Locomotor system health was assessed by the magnitude of stride-to-stride variability …

A Comparison Of Fall-Related Psychological Measures In A Community-Based Setting, Delilah Susanne Moore

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Falls and the fall-related psychological concerns associated with these events pose a serious public health problem among aging adults. Fall-related psychological instruments can be useful in quantifying important endpoints for fall prevention programs (Jorstad et al., 2005), yet no research currently exists to justify the use of these psychological instruments in a community-based falls risk screening. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to examine the psychometric properties of several fall-related psychological measures in a falls risk screening context by: (a) examining the reliability and validity of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), modified Survey of Activities …

Systematically Increasing Contextual Interference Is Beneficial For Learning Novel Motor Skills, Jared Marak Porter

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Traditionally, contextual interference (CI) has been investigated by the use of extreme low and high levels of CI (blocked and random practice schedules); with results generally suggesting that higher rather than lower amounts of CI facilitated motor skill learning (Magill & Hall, 1990). To better understand the CI effect, two experiments were conducted investigating an alternative form of practice schedule. Practice using this alternative schedule provided novices experiences with systematic increases in CI, which were compared to traditional blocked and random scheduling. Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that practicing variations of the same tasks with systematic increases in CI would …

Brachial Artery Flow Mediated Vasodilation: Effect Of Chemical Analytes, Diet, Exercise, And Genetic Markers, Joanie Brocato Wilson

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The goal of this research was to gain a better understanding of interplay between molecular biology, physiology, biochemistry, functionality with disease and interventions. The primary findings of the first study were that there was a significant inverse correlation between homocysteine and brachial artery flow mediated dilation (BAFMD) and baseline brachial artery diameter. Interestingly, there was a significant difference in BAFMD between methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype groups. Regression analysis indicated that the MTHFR genotype, homocysteine and age were significant predictors of BAFMD. The second study revealed that vascular reactivity as measured by BAFMD was modifiable. A meta-analysis of 22 intervention …

The Use Endocrine Markers To Predict And Monitor Performance In Strengh [Sic] And Power Activities, Jason B. Winchester

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Hormones are typically considered to be chemical messengers, which are designed to be released from specific cells where they are carried to their target tissues for binding to receptors. It is this binding of a hormone molecule to its specific receptor which allows for an action to occur (Hadley and Levine 2006). Testosterone is the predominant androgen in the majority of mammalian species and is largely responsible for regulation of reproduction and maintenance of sexual function. In addition, in adult mammals, T has multiple other roles including the growth of muscle and bone, hematopoesis, blood coagulation, development and regulation of …

Exercise And Peripheral Vascular Function In Health And Disease, Arturo Arce

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

“Chronic disease will never reach its clinical horizon to compromise health if it is attacked at its origin” [1]. Knowledge that one’s risk for cardiovascular events is related to the severity of endothelial dysfunction, and evidence that exercise training can improve endothelial function, has prompted speculation that measures of vascular function may serve as a “barometer” for cardiovascular health. This dissertation consists of three experiments intended to study vascular function and the manner in which it may influence or may be influenced by physical function. Project one examined the influence of high and low volume circuit weight training on forearm …

Modulation Of Corticomotor Excitability During Passive And Active Wrist Flexion And Extension, Lilian Min Yen Chye

Theses : Honours

Various mechanisms may alter corticomotor excitability to agonist and antagonist muscles during passive and active limb movement depending on parameters of movement and their functional role. A better understanding of these relationships is important for understanding basic motor control mechanisms, and may be relevant to motor rehabilitation programs after brain injury. The purpose of the present study was to compare changes in corticomotor excitability to wrist flexor and extensor muscles during different phases of movement (flexion/extension), and at rest and during actively or passively-mediated length changes. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis …

Is Dance Good For The Body Or Not? : An Examination Of Body Awareness And Injury Prevention For Specialised Tertiary Dance Students, Kylie Murray

Theses : Honours

The purpose of this research paper is to discover more about tertiary dance and the effects that dance has on the body. I will discuss the pressures that dance places on the body, looking specifically at the years during full time study as a tertiary student. I will address dance issues such as common injuries, the reasons these injuries occur, prevention strategies, the effect that dance has on the mind and training conditions generally. Research into tertiary dance education programs, dance injuries, injury prevention, and general dance patterns will be supported by survey responses to come to some conclusions about …

The Relationship Between Session Rate Of Perceived Exertion Measures And The Volume Load Of Resistance Training, Mirza Abdul Latif

Theses : Honours

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between session rate of perceived exertion (RPE) measures and the volume load (VL) during resistance training (RT). Twelve male and eight female participants (24.3 ± 4.2 years) performed three RT sessions per week for a period of four weeks. The RT sessions during the week consisted of strength, hypertrophy and power protocols that included the same four resistance exercises (bench press, squat, shoulder press and bench row). The participants performed 3 sets of 3 repetitions per exercise at a load of 75-90% of their 1-RM with a rest period of …

Anaerobic And Performance Adaptations To A “Live High–Train Low” Approach Using Simulated Altitude Exposure, Ian Ratz

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if a seven-day live high–train low (LHTL) simulated altitude exposure could improve (a) anaerobic and/or aerobic capacity (VO_2peak) in trained cyclists (n = 10) and (b) VO_2peak and/or 400m swimming performance in collegiate swimmers (n=8).

In procedures approved by the EMU Human Subjects Review Board, cyclists performed seven cycle ergometer trials to measure maximal mean power output (MMPO_4min), maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and VO_2peak, whereas swimmers completed five incremental arm ergometer trials (VO_2peak) and 400m swimming performance trials before and after LHTL. …

Swimming Dynamics And Propulsive Efficiency Of Squids Throughout Ontogeny, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Krueger, Joseph T. Thompson, William J. Stewart

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Synopsis Squids encounter vastly different flow regimes throughout ontogeny as they undergo critical morphological changes to their two locomotive systems: the fins and jet. Squid hatchlings (paralarvae) operate at low and intermediate Reynolds numbers (Re) and typically have rounded bodies, small fins, and relatively large funnel apertures whereas juveniles and adults operate at higher Re and generally have more streamlined bodies, larger fins, and relatively small funnel apertures. These morphological changes and varying flow conditions affect swimming performance in squids. To determine how swimming dynamics and propulsive efficiency change throughout ontogeny, digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and kinematic …