Kinesiology Commons^™

Locomotor Coordination, Visual Perception And Head Stability During Running, Joseph Hamill, Jongil Lim, Richard Van Emmerik

Kinesiology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Perception and action are coupled such that information from the perceptual system is related to the dynamics of action in order to regulate behavior adaptively. Using running as a model of a cyclic behavior, this coupling involves a continuous, cyclic relationship between the runner’s perception of the environment and the necessary adjustments of the body that ultimately result in a stable pattern of behavior. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how individuals relate visual perception to rhythmic locomotor coordination patterns in conditions during which foot–ground collisions and visual task demands are altered. We review the findings of studies …

Provider Reported Implementation Of Nutrition-Related Practices In Childcare Centers And Family Childcare Homes In Rural And Urban Nebraska, Dipti A. Dev, Aileen S. Garcia, David A. Dzewaltowski, Susan Sisson, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Zainab Rida, Natalie A. Williams, Carly Hillburn, Danae Dinkel, Deepa Srivastava, Christina Burger, Emily Hulse, Donnia Behrends, Natasha Frost

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Approximately 15 million children under age 6 are in childcare settings, offering childcare providers an opportunity to influence children’s dietary intake. Childcare settings vary in organizational structure – childcare centers (CCCs) vs. family childcare homes (FCCHs) – and in geographical location – urban vs. rural. Research on the nutrition-related best practices across these childcare settings is scarce. The objective of this study is to compare nutrition-related best practices of CCCs and FCCHs that participate in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) in rural and urban Nebraska. Nebraska providers (urban n = 591; rural n = 579) reported implementation …

The Basics Of Training For Muscle Size And Strength: A Brief Review On The Theory, Samuel L. Buckner, Matthew B. Jessee, Grant J. Mouser, Scott J. Dankel, Kevin T. Mattocks, Zachary W. Bell, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P. Loenneke

Faculty Scholarship

The periodization of resistance exercise is often touted as the most effective strategy for optimizing muscle size and strength adaptations. This narrative persists despite a lack of experimental evidence to demonstrate its superiority. In addition, the general adaptation syndrome, which provides the theoretical framework underlying periodization, does not appear to provide a strong physiological rationale that periodization is necessary. Hans Selye conducted a series of rodent studies which used toxic stressors to facilitate the development of the general adaptation syndrome. To our knowledge, normal exercise in humans has never been shown to produce a general adaptation syndrome. We question whether …

Approaches To Teaching In Kinesiology: Kine 2640 Lesson Plan Outline And Teaching Rubric, Christopher Gentry

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

As a result of the transformation from Pedagogy to the soon to be titled Physical Education/Adapted Physical Education (PEAPE) concentration in the Kinesiology Department, it was necessary to adjust some classes to fit the needs of our majors. One change was our shift in providing one team sports class KINE 2640 – Teaching/Coaching for Team Sports that covers multiple team sports instead of several classes that covered one sport each. As a result, we streamlined our lesson plan template and teaching rubric to meet the needs of this course and all of our Teaching/Coaching sequence courses. The attached template and …

A Quantitative Comparison Of Arm Activity Between Women With Breast Cancer And Healthy, Mary Insana Fisher, Claire Davies, Timothy L. Uhl

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Purpose: Survivors of breast cancer (BC) on the non-dominant side have more persistent deficits than those with cancer on the dominant limb. What is not known is whether those with BC use their involved upper limbs more, less, or at the same level as women without BC. Accelerometer use offers a quantifiable method to measure activity levels of upper limbs. The purpose of this study was to quantify the activity levels of the non-dominant involved limb among survivors of BC and compare these values to their dominant limb, as well as the non-dominant limb of a control group.

Methods: Participants …

A Comparison Of Lower Body Power Characteristics Between Collegiate Athletes From Different Competition Levels., Cody A. Stahl, Keston G. Lindsay, J. Bryan Mann, Margaret Hunt, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 470-479, 2020. The counter-movement jump (CMJ) is frequently utilized by strength and conditioning professionals working with athletes, given its relationship to a multitude of performance variables associated with success in sports. PURPOSE: To examine characteristics of CMJ performance between NAIA and NCAA Division I male and female athletes. METHODS: Archival data for 275 student athletes from two NCAA Division 1 universities (NCAA DI; males = 84, females = 74) and one NAIA university (NAIA; males = 66, females = 51) were utilized for this analysis. The CMJ was performed utilizing a dual single axis …

Large Inter-Individual Differences In Responses To A Block Of High Intensity Aerobic Interval Training: A Case Series In National-Level Cyclists And Triathletes, Solfrid Bratland-Sanda, Frank G. Pedersen, Marius N. Haave, Jan Helgerud, Øyvind Støren

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 480-487, 2020. The aim was to investigate individual responses on VO_2maxand performance to a block of high intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT) in national-level endurance athletes. METHODS: National-level cyclists and triathletes (five men and two women, 31 ± 3.3 years, VO_2max65.1 ± 3.3 ml·kg^-1·min^-1) conducted 14 HIIT sessions (4x4 min uphill running at 90-95% maximal heart rate) in nine days during preseason. VO_2maxin running and cycling, lactate threshold (LT) in cycling, oxygen cost of cycling (C_C), and a cycling time-trial (TT) were …

Comparisons Of The Metabolic Intensities At Heart Rate, Gas Exchange, And Ventilatory Thresholds, Pasquale J. Succi, Taylor K. Dinyer, M. Travis Byrd, Haley C. Bergstrom

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 455-469, 2020. PURPOSE: This study compared the O₂corresponding to the critical heart rate (CHRO₂) and the physical working capacity at the heart rate fatigue threshold (PWC_hrtO₂) to the gas exchange threshold (GET), ventilatory threshold (VT), and respiratory compensation point (RCP). METHODS: Nine runners (mean ±SD, age 23 ±3 years) completed an incremental test on a treadmill to determine O_2peak, GET, VT, and RCP. The CHRO₂and PWC_hrtO₂were determined from 4 separate constant velocity treadmill runs …

Measuring Physical Activity Using Triaxial Wrist Worn Polar Activity Trackers: A Systematic Review, André Henriksen, Jonas Johansson, Gunnar Hartvigsen, Sameline Grimsgaard, Laila A. Hopstock

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 438-454, 2020. Collecting objective physical activity data from research participants are increasingly done using consumer-based activity trackers. Several validation studies of Polar devices are conducted to date, but no systematic review of the current level of accuracy for these devices exist. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the accuracy of current wrist-worn Polar devices that equips a triaxial accelerometer to measure physical activity. We conducted a systematic review by searching six databases for validation studies on modern Polar activity trackers. Studies were grouped and examined by tested outcome, i.e. energy expenditure, …

Step Count Reliability And Validity Of Five Wearable Technology Devices While Walking And Jogging In Both A Free Motion Setting And On A Treadmill, Jeffrey Montes, Richard Tandy, John Young, Szu-Ping Lee, James Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(7): 410-426, 2020. Wearable technology devices are used by millions of people who use daily step counts to promote healthy lifestyles. However, the accuracy of many of these devices has not been determined. The purpose was to determine reliability and validity of the Samsung Gear 2, FitBit Surge, Polar A360, Garmin Vivosmart HR+, and the Leaf Health Tracker when walking and jogging in free motion and treadmill conditions. Forty volunteers completed walking and jogging free motion and treadmill protocols of 5-minute intervals. The devices were worn simultaneously in randomized configurations. The mean of two manual …

Ground Contact Time Imbalances Strongly Related To Impaired Running Economy, Dustin P. Joubert, Nicholas A. Guerra, Eric J. Jones, Erica G. Knowles, Aaron D. Piper

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 427-437, 2020. Running economy (RE) is defined as the oxygen consumption (VO₂) or caloric unit cost required to move at a specific velocity and is an important performance marker. Ground contact time (GCT) has been associated with RE; however, it has not been established how GCT imbalances between feet impact RE. Purpose: Determine the relationship between cadence, GCT, and GCT imbalances and RE. Methods: 11 NCAA Division I distance runners (7 male) completed a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine lactate threshold (LT) and VO₂max. Body composition was …

Reply, Matthew A. Fuglestad, Hernan Hernandez Md, Yue Gao, Henamari Ybay, Molly Schieber, Katyarina E. Brunette, Sara A. Myers, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Letter to the editor response

Step Count Reliability And Validity Of Five Wearable Technology Devices While Walking And Jogging In Both A Free Motion Setting And On A Treadmill, Jeffrey Montes, Richard Tandy, John Young, Szu-Ping Lee, James W. Navalta

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Wearable technology devices are used by millions of people who use daily step counts to promote healthy lifestyles. However, the accuracy of many of these devices has not been determined. The purpose was to determine reliability and validity of the Samsung Gear 2, FitBit Surge, Polar A360, Garmin Vivosmart HR+, and the Leaf Health Tracker when walking and jogging in free motion and treadmill conditions. Forty volunteers completed walking and jogging free motion and treadmill protocols of 5-minute intervals. The devices were worn simultaneously in randomized configurations. The mean of two manual steps counters was used as the criterion measure. …

Comparison Of Acute Cardiometabolic Responses In A 7-Minute Body Weight Circuit To 7-Minute Hiit Training Protocol, Cruz Armas, Robert J. Kowalsky, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 395-409, 2020. To investigate the acute cardiometabolic responses of a 7-minute bodyweight resistance exercise circuit (HICE) compared to a 7-minute high intensity interval training cycle protocol (HIIE). Methods: Twelve apparently healthy and active young adults were enrolled in a randomized crossover study (HICE vsHIIE). The 12 HICE exercises used a 30:5 second exercise to rest ratio, followed by a 3-minute cool-down and was replicated in the HIIE cycle protocol. Following each protocol, subjects were seated for the next hour. Measurements included blood pressure (BP) heart rate, blood glucose and triglycerides, taken prior to …

Somatosensory Perception Of Running Shoe Mass May Be Influenced By Extended Wearing Time Or Inclusion Of A Personal Reference Shoe, Depending On Testing Method, James G. Saxton, Benjamin R. Mardis, Christopher L. Kliethermes, David S. Senchina

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 342-357, 2020. Consumers may purchase running shoes on the basis of their masses, yet little is known about shoe mass perceptual abilities. In this multi-part experiment, four groups of twenty-five young adult males (total n= 100) were challenged to gauge the relative masses of five unfamiliar running shoes. The four groups differed by the length of time they were given to wear the shoes (up to 1 minute versus 5 minutes) and whether or not they were able to use their own personal running shoes as a reference. After wearing each individual pair …

Centesimal Age And Relative Age Effect In Elite Futsal Players, Dayse Dias Da Silva Carraco, Larissa Rafaela Galatti, Marcelo Massa, Irineu Loturco, Cesar Cavinato Cal Abad

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 329-341, 2020. To investigate centesimal age (CA) and relative age effect (RAE) in elite male futsal players their date of birth and court-position were accessed through the official FIFA website. The absolute and relative frequency distributions of player births were quantified by quartiles and semesters. The two-way ANOVA and the Chi-Square analysis were applied to check for possible differences. The results showed a mean CA of 27.76 ± 4.11 years with no differences for both playing positions and competitions. In addition, no significant differences were found between quartiles or between semesters. The results suggest …

Outdoor Time Is Not Associated With Metabolically Healthy Overweight And Obesity Phenotype In Canadian Children Aged 6-14 Years, Brittany Rioux, Neeru Gupta, Danielle Bouchard, James Dunbar, Martin Senechal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 383-394, 2020. A large proportion of children living with obesity have favorable cardiometabolic profiles despite their adiposity levels, who are referred to as metabolically healthy overweight or obese (MHO). However, the contribution of active outdoor time to the MHO phenotype is unknown. The purposeof this study was to investigate the association between outdoor time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with the MHO phenotype. A cross-sectional analysis of overweight/obese children aged 6-14 (n= 386) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey was performed. Outdoor time was self-reported using five questions in relation to …

Heart Rate Responses During Simulated Fire Ground Scenarios Among Full-Time Firefighters, Quincy R. Johnson, Jonathan Goatcher, Cody L. Diehl, Robert G. Lockie, Robin Marc Orr, Brent Alvar, Doug Smith, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 374-382, 2020. Simulated fire ground scenarios (SFGS) provide firefighters with an opportunity to maintain skills, receive feedback, and optimize performance. Although there is extensive research on heart rate (HR) changes in the firefighter population, few examine the differences between positions. Firefighters are primarily responsible for fire suppression and control (23), officers for emergency operations and organizational management, paramedics for providing on-scene emergency medical care, and drivers are responsible for driving the fire apparatus. Utilizing HR analysis to quantify the physical demands of SFGS among firefighting crews by position. Sixty-seven male (age: 38.97 ± 9.17; …

Limb Occlusion Pressure: A Method To Assess Changes In Systolic Blood Pressure, Zachary W. Bell, Matthew B. Jessee, Kevin T. Mattocks, Samuel L. Buckner, Scott J. Dankel, J Grant Mouser, Takashi Abe, Jeremy P. Loenneke

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 366-373, 2020. Although often used as a surrogate, comparisons between traditional blood pressure measurements and limb occlusion assessed via hand-held Doppler have yet to be completed. Using limb occlusion pressure as a method of assessing systolic pressure is of interest to those studying the acute effects of blood flow restriction, where the removal of the cuff may alter the physiological response. Purpose: We sought to determine how changes in limb occlusion pressure track with changes in traditional assessments of blood pressure. Basic Procedures: Limb occlusion pressure measured by hand-held Doppler and blood pressure measured …

Metabolic Costs Of A 58-Minute Multi-Intensity Exercise Session With And Without Music And Cueing, Cecilia Guerrero, Robbin Tran, Elizabeth Gutierrez, Candice Campbell, Jade Rodgers, Michelle Alencar, Jan Schroeder

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 358-365, 2020. It is unclear if the presence or absence of music and cueing influence total energy expenditure (TEE) during a multi-intensity exercise program. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between TEE with or without music and cueing during a 58-minute exercise session using heart rate estimation (HRe) and indirect calorimetry (IC). Using a randomized crossover design, 22 participants (6 males; 16 females; 27.64 ± 10.33 yrs.) were randomized into two groups (Group A = 11; Group B = 11). All participants performed the same 58-minute exercise session under two …

Examining Group Differences In Emotion Regulation Strategies And The State And Trait Anxiety Of Lifeguards And Non-Lifeguards In A Real-World Precompetitive Situation, Hannah Calverley, Dr Paul Davis, Dr Jack Harvey, Dr Christopher Mesagno

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences, between swimmer-lifeguards and swimmer-non-lifeguards, in trait and state anxiety and emotion regulation techniques in a real-life precompetitive situation with a secondary focus on gender differences. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Sport Anxiety Scale – 2 and the Mental Readiness Form – 3 were distributed to 100 participants at university swimming competitions in the United Kingdom. Swimmer-lifeguards displayed significantly lower cognitive (p=.03) and somatic state (p=.05) anxiety and cognitive trait anxiety (p=.02) than swimmer-non-lifeguards. Males reported significantly lower levels of cognitive and somatic trait anxiety (ppp=.01); no …

Validity Of The Body Scan Scanner® And Structure Sensor To Measure Limb Volume In Healthy Adults, Mary Insana Fisher, Michaela Claire Viola, Noah James Brueckner, Madison Elizabeth Wolfe, Rachel Lynn Kremer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Purpose/Hypothesis: Secondary lymphedema is a chronic condition that can develop in approximately 30 percent of women treated for breast cancer. It is important to measure limb volume changes for early detection of lymphedema, when it is possible to reverse the swelling (stage 1). Common clinical measures carry concerns of infection control (water displacement), are time consuming (truncated cone calculation using circumferential measures), or expensive (perometry). Use of a portable 3D scanner addresses these concerns, but the validity is unknown. The purpose of this phase I study is to investigate the validity of the Body Scan Scanner to measure limb volume …

Temporal Trends In The Standing Broad Jump Performance Of United States Children And Adolescents, Bridget K. Pinoniemi, Grant R. Tomkinson, Tanis J. Walch, James N. Roemmich, John S. Fitzgerald

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Purpose: To estimate temporal trends in broad jump performance for United States youth, a marker of muscular fitness and health.

Method: Electronic databases, topical systematic reviews, and personal libraries were systematically searched for studies reporting descriptive standing broad jump data for apparently healthy United States youth (age 10–17 years). Temporal trends at the sex-age level were estimated using sample-weighted regression models associating the year of testing to mean jump performance, with national trends standardized to the year 1985 using a post-stratified population-weighting procedure.

Results: Collectively, there was a small increase of 12.6 cm (95%CI: 12.5 to 12.7) or 7.9% (95%CI: …

Maintenance Motives For Physical Activity Among Older Adults: A Protocol For A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mary Katherine Huffman, Jason Brian Reed, Theresa Carpenter, Steve Amireault

Purdue University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund

Introduction Physical activity (PA) is an important aspect for health and well-being, yet many older adults do not maintain their PA long term. The identification of key factors that are associated with, and likely causally related to, older adults’ PA maintenance is a crucial first step towards developing programmes that are effective at promoting long-term PA behaviour change. The purpose of this protocol is to outline a systematic review that will examine the relationship between four motives (ie, satisfaction, enjoyment, self-determination and identity) and older adults’ PA maintenance.

Methods and analysis Studies that investigated PA maintenance with a sample mean …

Pre- And Post-Activity Stretching Practices Of Collegiate Soccer Coaches In The United States, Lawrence W. Judge, Jason Avedesian, David M. Bellar, Donald L. Hoover, Bruce Craig, Jason Langley, Nicholas Nordmann, Makenzie A. Schoeff, Clark D. Dickin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 260-272, 2020. Current pre- and post-activity stretching guidelines are designed to optimize performance and reduce injury risk. However, it is unclear whether soccer coaches adhere to these recommendations. The purpose of this study was to determine if collegiate soccer coaches’ perceptions and practices align with current scientific recommendations. A total of 781 questionnaires were electronically distributed to soccer coaches from NCAA Division I and III universities.The questionnaire obtained demographic, professional, and educational information, as well as stretching practices. Statistical analysis consisted of computing frequency counts and means where applicable. Pearson's Chi-square tests were performed …

The Effect Of Static Stretching, Mini-Band Warm-Ups, Medicine-Ball Warm-Ups, And A Light Jogging Warm-Up On Common Athletic Ability Tests, Bryan Christensen, Colin W. Bond, Ryan Napoli, Kelly Lopez, Jason Miller, Kyle J. Hackney

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 298-311, 2020. Proper warm-up is important for facilitating peak athletic performance and reducing injury risk; yet, warm-up procedures vary considerably amongst coaches and athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a static stretching, medicine-ball, and mini-band warm-ups relative to a light jogging warm-up only on athletic ability test performance. It was hypothesized that static stretching would negatively affect performance, while medicine-ball and mini-band warm-ups would positively affect performance relative to light jogging only. Twelve female collegiate soccer players (19.3 ± 1.2y, 65.2 ± 7.5kg, 1.67 ± 0.07m) participated in …

The Relationship Between Physical Characteristics And Maximal Strength In Men Practicing The Back Squat, The Bench Press And The Deadlift, Pierre-Marc Ferland, Alexander C. Pollock, Ryan Swope, Mark Ryan, Michael Reeder, Kristin J. Heumann, Alain-Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 281-297, 2020. This study was designed to quantify the relationships between physical characteristics and maximal strength in the back squat, the bench press and the deadlift on powerlifters and football players.Eighteen male junior drug-tested classic powerlifters and seventeen NCAA Division II American football players’ anthropometric measurements were taken to compare them with maximal strength results from either a powerlifting meet or testing from their supervised strength and conditioning program. Pearson’s bivariate correlations analysis revealed (statistical significance was set at p

Accuracy Assessment Of A Gps Device For Maximum Sprint Speed, Kathryn Alphin, Olivia Sisson, Brynn L. Hudgins, Catherine D. Noonan, Jennifer A. Bunn

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 273-280, 2020. Global positioning system (GPS) technology can capture maximum sprint speed (MSS) using fewer resources than electronic timing gates (ETG). Yet,errors with GPS technology are typically 1.01 km∙hr^-1for instantaneous velocity, potentially limiting GPS accuracy. The purpose of this study was to compare MSS values obtained from GPS technology to those obtained from ETG. The MSS of 24 female athletes was determined using two tests that both began with a 20-m fly-in followed by: 1) 80-m maximal sprint with ETG placed at the start line, 30 m, 60 m, and 80 …

The Acute Effect Of A Single Resistance Training Session On The Glycemic Response Among Women With Hiv/Aids, Dayane C. Souza, Pollyana M. Nunhes, Wagner J. Domingues, Kauana Marchini, Lucas F. Hey, Jairo Berti, Michele C. Trindade, Ademar Avelar

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 319-328, 2020. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single resistance training session on the glycemic and lipid response of women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) treated with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The sample consisted of 10 female subjects who underwent one resistance training session involving different muscle groups, that is, three sets of 8-12 repetitions with an interval of 90 seconds between the sets, and 120 seconds between exercises. The loads used in each exercise corresponded to an intensity equivalent to the interval of 5-7, which …

Effect Of A Commercially Available Low-Dose Capsaicin Supplement On Knee Extensor Contractile Function, Brett Cross, Darell Parker, Sean P. Langan, Gregory J. Grosicki

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 312-318, 2020. Capsaicin, the active pungent ingredient in chili peppers and various spicy foods, is demonstrated to influence a variety of physiological systems including skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine if a chewable capsaicin supplement (1.2 mg) could enhance isokinetic knee extensor contractile performance. Nine young, recreationally active individuals (5 females/4 males; 23.6 ± 1.5 yrs; 24.2 ± 3.3 kg/m²) participated in this randomized, single-blind crossover study. Following a familiarization session, participants completed two isokinetic knee extensor contractile function assessments, 45 minutes after ingesting either a capsaicin fruit …