Kinesiology Commons^™

Sprint Speed And Musculoskeletal Fitness Test Performance In Youth, Brittany Nicole Walleck

Theses and Dissertations

Sprint speed is a common focus of adult strength and conditioning programming and research. However, the links between sprint speed and other tests of musculoskeletal performance have not been extensively studied in youth. PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between sprint speed and tests of jumping performance, muscular strength/endurance, agility, and anaerobic capacity in children and adolescents. METHODS: The analysis included 402 boys and 148 girls (ages 7 to 18 years) participating in a baseline musculoskeletal fitness evaluation. Sprint speed was assessed via a 10-yard and 20-yard sprint. Agility and anaerobic capacity were assessed via the pro-agility and 200-yard shuttle run, …

A Modified Lean And Release Technique To Emphasize Response Inhibition And Action Selection In Reactive Balance, David A.E. Bolton, Manhoud Mansour

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Assessment of reactive balance traditionally imposes some type of perturbation to upright stance or gait followed by measurement of the resultant corrective behavior. These measures include muscle responses, limb movements, ground reaction forces, and even direct neurophysiological measures such as electroencephalography. Using this approach, researchers and clinicians can infer some basic principles regarding how the nervous system controls balance to avoid a fall. One limitation with the way in which these assessments are currently used is that they heavily emphasize reflexive actions without any need to revise automatic postural reactions. Such an exclusive focus on these highly stereotypical reactions would …

The Design And Development Of A Wrist-Hand Orthosis, Amber Gatto

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Individuals with an incomplete C5-C7 spinal cord injury (SCI) lose grasping abilities but wrist function is almost universally retained. Most rehabilitation techniques apply the tenodesis effect, however, current tenodesis wrist-hand orthoses (WHOs) engage only the thumb and index finger, meaning that only 20% of activities of daily living (ADLs) can be completed.

This study tested the feasibility of a student-designed powered WHO by testing the device on healthy subjects to see if they could complete a variety of ADLs. A simulation software was then used to analyze wrist, thumb, and index finger joint angles. Additionally, an Assistive Technology Survey was …

The Unique Demands Of Playing Posture On Youth Violinists And Violists, Liam Carroll

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The high prevalence of performing arts injuries is an acknowledged challenge facing the performing arts medicine community. The injuries seem to affect string players the most among orchestral musicians, specifically violinists and violists. The asymmetrical posture, head and neck displacement, and spinal displacement required by the posture to play violin and viola can lead to discomfort or injury in the performer. Performance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) can have an adverse impact on the life of a musician, preventing them from performing or making it uncomfortable. While there is a large body of research on PRMDs relating to adult musicians, there …

Association Of Drowning Mortality With Preventive Interventions: A Quarter Of A Million Deaths Evaluation In Brazil, David Szpilman, Danielli B. Mello, Ana Catarina Queiroga, Rogerio Ferreira Emygdio Rfe

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

In 2015, drowning in Brazil was responsible for 6,043 deaths and was the second leading cause of death in children. Although several prevention strategies have been promoted to reduce drowning, most are still based on low levels of evidence. This study evaluated the effectiveness of prevention and water safety interventions in reducing drowning mortality. Data obtained from the National Mortality System for 36 years were split in two time periods to allow the comparison of drowning mortality numbers before and after implementation of SOBRASA’s drowning prevention and water safety programs and to check for any positive effects attributable to such …

A Comparative Analysis Of Army Body Composition Standards For U.S. Army Recruits, Adam Garrett Tedford

Student Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: to determine if there were comparable differences using air plethysmography and skinfold measurements to the U.S. Army standard means of measuring BF%. METHODS: BF% was measured in 27 women (21.5 ± 1.8 years) using: 7-site skinfold, air plethysmography, and Army Body Composition (ABC) measurements. The Initial Physical Fitness Test (IPFT) was used to determine if participants met the criteria required for admittance into basic combat training. RESULTS: Pairwise comparisons revealed that the BF% estimate for ABC was 7.05 ± 1.11 % higher compared to skinfold (p < .001). The air plethysmography method (26.9 ± 8.4 %) yielded statistically higher (p < .001) BF% compared to skinfold. Of the 27 total participants, 4 (14.8%) passed IPFT but failed the ABC. CONCLUSION: Primary findings suggest that use of the ABC method for measuring body composition of females overestimated BF% when air plethysmography was used as criterion measure.

Vasodilatory And Vascular Mitochondrial Respiratory Function With Advancing Age: Evidence Of A Free Radically Mediated Link In The Human Vasculature, Soung Hun Park, Oh-Sung Kwon, Song-Young Park, Joshua C. Weavil, Jay R. Hydren, Van Reese, Robert H. I. Andtbacka, John R. Hyngstrom, Russell S. Richardson

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Recognizing the age-related decline in skeletal muscle feed artery (SMFA) vasodilatory function, this study examined the link between vasodilatory and mitochondrial respiratory function in the human vasculature. Twenty-four SMFAs were harvested from young (35 ± 6 yr, n = 9) and old (71 ± 9 yr, n = 15) subjects. Vasodilation in SMFAs was assessed, by pressure myography, in response to flow-induced shear stress, acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) while mitochondrial respiration was measured, by respirometry, in permeabilized SMFAs. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly attenuated in the old, induced by both flow (young: 92 ± 3, old: 45 ± 4%) …

A Comparison Of Variability Between Absolute And Relative Blood Flow Restriction Pressures, Daphney Stanford

Graduate Student Council Research Grants

Overview: My name is Daphney Stanford and I am a first-year doctoral student with good standing in the Health and Kinesiology graduate program. For my Graduate Student Council project we plan to apply blood flow restriction to the upper arm and compare the change in blood flow for three different restrictive pressures.

Intellectual Merit: Currently, blood flow restriction research emphasizes the importance of using a restriction pressure relative to the individual instead of an absolute pressure (e.g. 100 mmHg). To make pressure relative to the individual, the minimum pressure necessary to occlude blood flow is measured and a percentage of …

Effects Of Heated Water-Based Versus Land-Based Exercise Training On Vascular Function In Individuals With Peripheral Artery Disease, Song-Young Park, Alexei Wong, Won-Mok Son, Elizabeth J. Pekas

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that is associated with poor vascular function, walking impairment, and reduced quality of life. Land-based exercise therapy (LBET) is frequently recommended to improve walking and reduce symptoms. Recently, evidence has suggested that heated-water exercise therapy (HWET) is an effective intervention for PAD. However, the efficacy of LBET versus HWET in PAD patients had not been elucidated. Therefore, we sought to compare effects of LBET with HWET on cardiovascular function, exercise tolerance, physical function, and body composition in PAD patients. PAD patients (n = 53) were recruited and randomly assigned to a …

Mmp9 Mediates Acute Hyperglycemia-Induced Human Cardiac Stem Cell Death By Upregulating Apoptosis And Pyroptosis In Vitro, Santosh K. Yadav, Tyler N. Kambis, Sumit Kar, Song-Young Park, Paras K. Mishra

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Providing a conducive microenvironment is critical to increase survival of transplanted stem cells in regenerative therapy. Hyperglycemia promotes stem cell death impairing cardiac regeneration in the diabetic heart. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of high glucose-induced stem cell death is important for improving cardiac regeneration in diabetic patients. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), a collagenase, is upregulated in the diabetic heart, and ablation of MMP9 decreases infarct size in the non-diabetic myocardial infarction heart. In the present study, we aim to investigate whether MMP9 is a mediator of hyperglycemia-induced cell death in human cardiac stem cells (hCSCs) in vitro. We created MMP9−/− hCSCs …

Effects Of A Dual-Task Paradigm And Gait Velocity On Dynamic Gait Stability During Stair Descent, Qipeng Song, Wei Sun, Cui Zhang, Min Mao, Li Li

Health Sciences & Kinesiology: Faculty Publications

Falls during stair negotiation have become one of the leading causes of accidental death. The effects of a concurrent cognitive or manual dual-task paradigm on dynamic gait stability remain uncertain. How much dynamic gait stability is influenced by gait velocity is also not clear. A total of 16 healthy young females descended a staircase under three different walking conditions: descend stairs only (single task), descend stairs while performing subtraction (cognitive dual-task), and descend stairs while carrying a glass of water (manual dual-task). An eight-camera Vicon motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate embedded into the third step of the …

The Effects Of Strength And Conditioning On Functional Movement Screen™ Scores In Secondary School Basketball., Rollin Ross Dexter, Christopher P. Renggli, James May, Lindsay Larkins

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Injury prevention and mitigation are among the primary responsibilities of Athletic Trainers. Research has indicated that basketball players at the secondary-school level suffer up to 2.1 time loss injuries (TLI) per 1,000 athletic exposures (AE). It has been suggested that Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) composite and individual task scores may help determine injury risk. Researchers have suggested that a variety of strength and conditioning strategies may positively alter both composite and individual FMS™ task scores and reduce movement asymmetry. Methods: During a retrospective analysis of the records of all junior varsity and varsity basketball players at one secondary school …

Effective Treatment Of An Apparent Lateral Ankle Sprain Using A Regional Interdependent Approach With Positional Release Therapy And Mulligan Concept, Joshua K. Underwood

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Objective: Present a pair of clinical cases demonstrating the utilization of regional interdependent (RI) evaluation and treatment in an apparent lateral ankle sprain. The utilization of both Positional Release Therapy (PRT) and Mulligan Concept (MC) on secondary school athletes with an apparent acute lateral ankle sprain are presented. Background: Lateral ankle sprains are a common injury in athletics. While the MC has been shown to be an effective manual therapy in ankle sprains, if the treatment is not pain-free it is considered not warranted. The concept of RI attempts to connect apparently unconnected dysfunctions within the body which collectively contribute …

Student Athlete Perceptions Of Athletic Trainers’ Competence Based On Appearance And Dress, Jennifer J. Rogers

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Context: Physical appearance and dress attire may be a major influence on a person’s perception of an individual’s professional competence. Objective: To examine influence of Athletic Trainer (AT) physical appearance and dress attire on student-athletes’ perception of an AT’s competence. Design: Cross-Sectional Study Setting: NATA District 5 Participants: Student athletes (n=156; female: n=71; male: n=78) from NCAA Division III and NAIA institutions participated in the study. Interventions: Participants viewed one of four Body Mass Index (BMI) specific AT images [underweight BMI=18, normal weight BMI=24, overweight BMI=30, or an obese BMI=36] while answering 36 Student Athlete Response (SAR) Form survey questions …

The Effectiveness Of An Infrapatellar Strap On Reducing Pain Associated With Patellar Tendinopathy, Jenny Toonstra, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of an infrapatellar strap on pain reduction in participants with patellar tendinopathy. Methods: Articles were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, and SportDiscus using the string “((((patellar tendinitis OR patellar tendinopathy))) AND ((cho-pat strap OR infrapatellar strap OR compression device OR brace))) AND pain” from January 2009-January 2019, resulting in nine studies. After a review of the title and abstracts, six studies were reviewed in-depth. Of these articles, four studies met the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers assessed the level of evidence of included studies using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (2009). Changes in pain …

Lessons Learned: How To Organize Your Laboratory Meetings, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

In this issue, JAB continues a series of editorials from highlyimpactful faculty and researchers on“lessons learned”through-out their careers or lives. The hope is that the rest of us can benefitfrom their experiences. I would like to thank these individuals forsharing their thoughts with us.—Michael Madigan, Editor-in-ChiefNicholas Stergiou([email protected])is with the Divisionof Biomechanics and Research Development, University of Ne-braska Omaha, Omaha, NE; and the College of Public Health,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.

Comparisons Of Muscle Strength, Size, And Neuromuscular Function In Pre- And Post-Pubescent Males And Females, Zachary M. Gillen

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The purpose of this study was to compare measurements of muscle strength, size, and neuromuscular function of the forearm flexors in pre- and post-pubescent males and females. Forty pre-pubescent (mean ± 95% confidence interval, age = 9.79 ± 0.35 yrs, n = 10 males, n = 10 females) and post-pubescent (age = 17.23 ± 0.58 yrs, n = 10 males, n = 10 females) participants completed this study. Biceps brachii muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle volume (MV) were quantified from ultrasound images. Participants completed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the forearm flexors and extensors, and submaximal isometric step …

Estimation Of Body Fat Percentage In Jockeys: Implications For A Weight Category Sport, Arthur Dunne, Giles Warrington, Gillian O'Loughlin, Siobhan O'Connor, Michael Harrison, Adrian Mcgoldrick, Jennifer Pugh, Sarahjane Cullen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 511-525, 2020. The assessment of body composition in horse racing, a unique weight-restricted sport, provides an important health and performance indicator. The accuracy of skinfold prediction equations at estimating % body fat (% BF) was compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data in a group of professional Irish jockeys (age 27.5 ± 7.7 years). Body composition was assessed in seventy-two male professional jockeys (flat n=35 and national hunt n=37) using standardised guidelines for skinfold thickness at 8 sites and DXA body fat assessment. Hydration status was assessed using urine specific gravity (Usg) to determine …

Relationships Among Metabolic-Risk, Body Fatness, And Muscular Fitness In Young Obese Latino Children, Justin J. Merrigan, Sina Gallo, Jennifer B. Fields, Robyn Mehlenbeck, Margaret T. Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 488-500, 2020. Given the high prevalence of obesity in Latino children and potential health risks, the purpose of this study was to: 1) evaluate relationships among metabolic-risk, fitness, and body fatness; 2) determine sex differences in cardio-metabolic risk factors and fitness of obese children of Latino descent. Sixty children (boys, n= 39, 7.8 ± 1.5 years; girls, n= 21, 7.2 ± 1.5 years; body mass index, 97.8 ± 2.5^thpercentile) completed assessments of height, weight, and body fat, prior to fasted blood draws and a battery of fitness tests. Cardio-metabolic markers …

Characterization Of Adult Heart Rate Responses During Recreational Skateboarding At Community Skateparks, Tyler Wiles, Daniel Kellogg, Heather Furr, Jeff A. Nessler, Sean C. Newcomer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 501-510, 2020. Youth participating in recreational skating at community skate parks attain exercise intensities and durations that are comparable with the CDC’s exercise recommendations for cardiovascular fitness for their age group. However, it is currently unclear if adults who skateboard in the same environment also achieve the recommended intensities and durations for cardiovascular fitness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that skateboarding would elicit heart rates and durations consistent with the CDC’s recommendations for cardiovascular fitness in adults. Fifty-five subjects between ages 18-55 were recruited from six community skateparks …

Energetic And Physical Limitations On The Breaching Performance Of Large Whales, Paolo S. Segre, Jean Potvin, David E. Cade, John Calambokidis, Jacopo Di Clemente, Frank E. Fish, Ari S. Friedlaender, William T. Gough, Shirel R. Kahane-Rapport, Claudia Oliveira, Susan E. Parks, Gwenith S. Penry, Malene Simon, Alison K. Stimpert, David N. Wiley, K. C. Bierlich, Peter T. Madsen, Jeremy A. Goldbogen

Biology Faculty Publications

The considerable power needed for large whales to leap out of the water may represent the single most expensive burst maneuver found in nature. However, the mechanics and energetic costs associated with the breaching behaviors of large whales remain poorly understood. In this study we deployed whale-borne tags to measure the kinematics of breaching to test the hypothesis that these spectacular aerial displays are metabolically expensive. We found that breaching whales use variable underwater trajectories, and that high-emergence breaches are faster and require more energy than predatory lunges. The most expensive breaches approach the upper limits of vertebrate muscle performance, …

Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Gene Therapy Enhanceslevodopa Response In Parkinson’S Disease, John G. Nutt, Carolin Curtze, Amie Hiller, Shannon Anderson, Paul S. Larson, Amber D. Van Laar, R. Mark Richardson, Marin E. Thompson, Alexander Sedkov, Mika Leinonen, Bernard Ravina, Krystof Bankiewicz, Chadwick W. Christine

Journal Articles

Background: As Parkinson’s disease progresses, levodopa treatment loses efficacy, partly through the loss of the endogenous dopamine-synthesizing enzyme L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). In the phase I PD-1101 study, putaminal administration of VY-AADC01, an investigational adeno-associated virus serotype-2 vector for delivery of the AADC gene in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease, was well tolerated, improved motor function, and reduced antiparkinsonian medication requirements.

Objectives: This substudy aimed to determine whether the timing and magnitude of motor response to intravenous levodopa changed in PD-1101 patients after VY-AADC01administration.

Methods: Participants received 2-hour threshold (0.6 mg/kg/h) and suprathreshold (1.2 mg/kg/h) levodopa infusions …

How Stair Negotiation Affects Knee Joint Contact Forces In Individuals Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty, Todd Leutzinger

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

This study investigates how walking up and down stairs affects knee joint contact forces in individuals post-total knee arthroplasty compared to overground level walking and healthy controls.

Developing And Testing Of Low-Cost 3d Printed Prostheses To Restore And Improve Function Of Children With Congenital Or Traumatic Amputations, Rahul Raj, Christopher Copeland, Claudia Cortes Reyes, Kaitlin Fraser, David Salazar

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The purpose of this investigation was to provide technical considerations and clinical evidence of the possible benefits and obstacles in the use of upper-limb 3D printed prostheses in paediatric populations. This information is crucial for clinicians interested in exploring the use of 3D printed prostheses for their patients. In the present study, children with congenital digit reductions (n=5); absent digits (one traumatic and four congenital) (n=5) and with upper-limb reductions (n=9). The perceived functionality of upper-limbs before the use of the prosthesis and after 4 months of use. In addition, gross dexterity, anthropometric measurements, active range of motion, and strength …

Determining The Optimal Tension For An Ankle-Foot Assistive Device, Cody Anderson

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of cholesterol and fatty acid deposits, which blocks blood flow to the arms, legs, and feet. Ankle assistive devices have recently been implemented in various clinical population to improve walking ability. Our group has developed an ankle assistive device to improve walking ability in patients with PAD. This study tested our newly developed assistive device with several tension assistance levels and their effect on metabolic cost.

Methodology

Ten healthy subjects were recruited for this study. A spring was attached to the posterior side of the device parallel to the …

The Effect Of Sensory Input On The Temporal Structure Of Center Of Pressure In Stroke Survivors, Samantha Chong

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Stroke is the leading cause of disability that affects 17 million people worldwide. Patients post-stroke suffer from maintaining balance because the brain may not be able to receive or process visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sensory information: all of which contribute towards maintaining stability. Information provided by vision is important for spatial orientation, as it develops an environmental perspective. Proprioception is detected through the stretching of tendons and surrounding tissue and is able to help the brain determine spatial location. The vestibular system provides a sense of balance detecting rotations and linear accelerations through the vestibulo-ocular reflex. The vestibular system is …

Step Width Variability As A Discriminator Of Age-Related Gait Changes, Andreas Skiadopoulos, Emily E. Moore, Harlan Sayles, Kendra K. Schmid, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background

There is scientific evidence that older adults aged 65 and over walk with increased step width variability which has been associated with risk of falling. However, there are presently no threshold levels that define the optimal reference range of step width variability. Thus, the purpose of our study was to estimate the optimal reference range for identifying older adults with normative and excessive step width variability.

Methods

We searched systematically the BMC, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Frontiers, IEEE, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Wiley, and PROQUEST databases until September 2018, and included the studies that measured step width variability …

Self-Talk: Mentoring And Empowering Faculty To Contribute To Organizational Change, Brian Culp

Faculty Articles

We can effectively mentor if in possession of qualities to empower mentees, which include: effective communication skills, knowledge of the professional realm, enthusiasm, passion and the ability to create an equitable and supportive organizational environment with the mentee. The authors of this article propose that self-talk (ST) or inner speech is a helpful means of inspiring mentors, colleagues, teachers, and friends in navigating communication challenges with themselves and others. A three-step approach to implementing ST for the purpose of mentoring involves: (1) awareness of the ST they are currently using; (2) follow-up with the mentee’s active reflection of and recording …

A 24 Hour Naproxen Dose On Gastrointestinal Distress And Performance During Cycling In The Heat, Dawn M. Emerson, J Mark Davis, Stephen Cl Chen, Toni M. Torres-Mcgehee, Craig E. Pfeifer, Charles C. Emerson, Joseph D. Bivona, Justin V. Stone

Faculty Publications

Using a double-blind, randomized and counterbalanced, cross-over design, we assessed naproxen's effects on gastrointestinal (GI) distress and performance in eleven volunteers (6 male, 5 female). Participants completed 4 trials: 1) placebo and ambient); 2) placebo and heat; 3) naproxen and ambient; and 4) naproxen and heat. Independent variables were one placebo or 220 mg naproxen pill every 8 h (h) for 24 h and ambient (22.7 ± 1.8°C) or thermal environment (35.7 ± 1.3°C). Participants cycled 80 min at a steady heart rate then 10 min for maximum distance. Perceived exertion was measured throughout cycling. Gastrointestinal distress was assessed pre-, …

A 4-Year Profile Of Game Demands In Elite Women's Division I College Basketball, Lynda B. Ransdell, Teena Murray, Yong Gao, Paul Jones, Dierdra Bycura

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Workload for a Division I women’s collegiate basketball team (0.817 win percentage) was examined by: (a) season, (b) player position, and (c) game outcome (wins vs. losses). Female athletes (n = 6, mean 19.7 ± 1.5 years, at beginning of study) wore Catapult S5 units during 91.8% of games over a 4-year period. Average PlayerLoad, PlayerLoad per minute (PL·min^-1), high inertial movement analysis (high-IMA), and jumps were quantified using Catapult Openfield software (version 1.14.1+). Data were checked for normality and log- or square-root-transformed when they were non-normal. A series of linear mixed model analyses were conducted to …