Food Science Commons^™

Biocontrol Of Foodborne Pathogens Using Bacteriophages, Dzhuliya Ignatova, Erion Hogan, Simone Dakare, Jean Lu

Symposium of Student Scholars

Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Using Bacteriophages

Dzhuliya Ignatova, Erion Hogan, Simone Dakare, and Jean Lu

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology

Abstract

Salmonella and Shigella are two important groups of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Salmonella cause an illness called salmonellosis while Shigella cause shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). The most common symptoms of these illnesses are abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and fever. Shigella can also cause bloody diarrhea. It was estimated that each year Salmonella cause 93.8 million cases of gastroenteritis and 155,000 deaths globally. Shigella causes 164.7 million cases and 1.1 million deaths throughout the world yearly. People get these illnesses mainly by …

Bacteriophages Infecting Enterobacter Cloacae To Reduce Bloater Damage In Fermented Cucumbers

Symposium of Student Scholars

Fermented cucumbers are one of the most important fermented vegetables consumed worldwide. During cucumber fermentations, certain undesirable changes may occur. One of such changes is known as bloater defect (hollow cavities in fermented cucumbers), which is primarily caused by gas-producing bacteria including Enterobacter cloacae. Bloater defect lowers product quality and leads to significant economic loss to the pickle industry, and effective preventative methods are needed. Bacteriophages (phages) are highly host-specific bacterial killers. Use of phages to control unwanted bacteria in foods is a promising approach because phages do not change food properties. This research was to isolate, characterize, and …

In Silico Identification Of A Streptococcus Phage From An Unpasteurized Dairy Product

Symposium of Student Scholars

This study aimed to identify novel phages from a West African dairy product, nunu, to better understand the uncharacterized virosphere of a food microbiome. Nunu is a yogurt-like product from spontaneous fermentation of unpasteurized cow milk without a standardized starter culture. Phages and their bacterial hosts make up a microbiome, where their collective metagenome can be studied in silico, or computationally, after next generation sequencing (NGS). The targeted dataset for our study can be found in the Sequence Read Archives under the accession number of ERX2041567. This study utilized several bioinformatics software tools with customized settings: Kraken2, MetaVelvet, Edena, NCBI-BLAST, …

In Silico Isolation Of A Novel Phage For Food Safety Applications Against Pathogenic E. Coli, Daisy Mcgrath

Symposium of Student Scholars

With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) on metagenomes, the elucidation of all genetic material from microbiomes has prompted a renewed interest towards uncultivated members of the virosphere. We describe the discovery of a novel phage from a metagenomic dataset on the West African fermented dairy product, nunu, with a custom bioinformatics workflow to potentially serve as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic E. coli. Initial dataset of ERR2014814 from NCBI was first subjected to Kraken2 to extract novel sequencing reads for further de novo assembly into contigs by MetaVelvet. Resultant contigs served as potential partial phage genomes, then searched …

Effectiveness Of Bacteriophages Against Bloater-Causing Bacteria Enterobacter Cloacae In A Model Food System, Ashley Reed, Dzhuliya Ignatova, Sandra Kopic, Unique Sardeneta

Symposium of Student Scholars

Effectiveness of bacteriophages against bloater-causing bacteria Enterobacter cloacae in a model food system

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology

Ashley Reed, Dzhuliya Ignatova, Sandra Kopic, Unique Sardeneta, and Jean Lu

Abstract

Cucumber fermentation is one of the most important vegetable fermentations in the United States and Europe. Enterobacter cloacae and other gas-producing bacteria can cause bloater defect (the gas pockets or hollow cavities formed in fermented cucumbers) which lowers the quality and the yield of fermented cucumbers, thereby resulting in significant economic losses to the pickling industry. Cost-effective strategies to control E. cloacae and other microbiota need to be …

Parameterization Of Food Wastes To Develop An Automatic Recycling System For Livestock And Poultry Feed, Ali Roshanianfard, Samira Nematzadeh, Tarahom Mesri-Gundoshmian

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

Food wastes are known as one of the big concerns in urban management because of grain consumption gain, environmental pollution, and traditional waste management methods. The reuse of restaurant waste can reduce the cost of producing animal food production. This study attempts to find related parameters to use in the development of an automatic recycling machine and also a suitable method for food waste management (wastes of restaurants in universities and other academic environments) to use in various animal diets. Determination of various parameters including the percentage of dry matter (using a dryer), protein (using Kjeldahl test), fat (using Soxhlet …

Clean Label In Bread, Maite Cristina Alava Vargas, Senay Simsek

Department of Food Science Faculty Publications

Bread is considered a staple food worldwide, and therefore there is much interest in research around the topic. The bread industry is usually looking for ways to improve its formulations. Therefore, other ingredients such as dough conditioners, crumb softeners, emulsifiers, and surfactants can be added to enhance bread quality. These ingredients perform functions such as helping standardize processes in the industry, reducing dough-mixing time, increasing water absorption, improving bread quality, and extending its shelf life. Consumers are concerned about the effect of these ingredients on their health, and this has increased the popularity of clean-label bread formulations. A clean label …

Analysis And Performance Evaluation Of Entropic Thresholding Image Processing Techniques For Electrical Capacitance Tomography Measurement System, Josiah Nombo, Alfred Mwambela, Michael Kisangiri

Tanzania Journal of Science

To improve image quality generated from the electrical capacitance tomography measurement system, the use of entropic thresholding techniques is investigated in this article. Based on the analysis of the principle of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) image reconstruction and entropic thresholding, various algorithms have been proposed for easy extraction of quantitative information from tomograms generated from the ECT system. Experiments indicate that proposed algorithms can provide high-quality images at no or minimum computational cost. It is easier to implement and integrate with classical algorithms such as Linear Back Projection, Singular value decomposition, Tikhonov regularization, and Landweber. Entropic thresholding techniques present a …

Effect Of Ph And Heat Treatment On Physicochemical And Functional Properties Of Spray-Dried Whey Protein Concentrate Powder, Thao M. Ho, Jinlei Zhu, Nidhi Bansal, Mary C. Boyce, Thao T. Le

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Effects of pH and heating on deamidation of whey protein concentrate (WPC) solution and functional properties of resultant spray-dried WPC powder were investigated. Temperature and heating time affected deamidation rates with the highest reactivities for WPC solutions heated at 120 °C for 15 min and 145 °C for 120 s. Deamidation sites were pH dependent: pH 3 induced more glutamine deamidation; pH 10 induced more asparagine deamidation. The functional properties of spray-dried WPC powders were also pH dependent. WPC solution adjusted to pH 3 and heated at 145 °C for 120 s (prior to spray drying) exhibited a reduction in …

Designing A Computer-Vision Application: A Case Study For Hand-Hygiene Assessment In An Open-Room Environment, Chengzang Zhong, Amy R. Reibman, Hansel A. Mina, Amanda J. Deering

Department of Food Science Faculty Publications

Hand-hygiene is a critical component for safe food handling. In this paper, we apply an iterative engineering process to design a hand-hygiene action detection system to improve food- handling safety. We demonstrate the feasibility of a baseline RGB-only convolutional neural network (CNN) in the restricted case of a single scenario; however, since this baseline system performs poorly across scenarios, we also demonstrate the application of two methods to explore potential reasons for its poor performance. This leads to the development of our hierarchical system that incorporates a variety of modalities (RGB, optical flow, hand masks, and human skeleton joints) for …

Dual Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative Pcr Method For The Detection Of Orange And Citrus Components In Orange Juices, Chen Yin-Yin, Li Juan, Zhou Lu, Chen Dan-Xia, Han Zhi-Jie, Ding Qing-Long

Food and Machinery

Objective: To establish a dual real-time PCR method for the detection of orange and citrus components in orange juices. Methods: Through the design and screening of primers and probes for orange and citrus components. Through the detection of fruits, found the rule of fluorescence amplification of orange and citrus. Using the ratio difference of orange and citrus in FAM/VIC two fluorescence channels to determine the composition of orange and citrus. The lowest doping ratio detected by the method was verified by the experiment of orange juice adulteration, tested the commercial orange juice and verify the feasibility of the method. Results: …

Application Of Magnetic Covalent Organic Frameworks In Food Safety Analysis, Yang Da-Yu, Chen Zi-Ying, Pang Jie, Yan Zhi-Ming

Food and Machinery

In this paper, the application of magnetic covalent organic frameworks （MCOFs） in food safety analysis is reviewed by combining with the domestic and foreign literature, and the common preparation methods of MCOFs are briefly introduced. The application examples of MCOFs in pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, organic pollutants, toxins and harmful substances in packaging were discussed, and the practical detection application of MCOFS in the future is prospected.

Analysis Of The Main Chemical And Volatile Components Of Xianggan Tea, Xiang-Style Ganpu Tea, Li Xiang, Fu Fu-Hua, Pan Zhao-Ping, Wang Chen, He Shuang

Food and Machinery

Objective: Xianggan tea, was made from Hunan Anhua dark tea, i. e. Tianjian tea and the mandarin peel of Yueyang Jinpen pomelo, based on the preparation method of Ganpu tea, and this contributed to ascertaining the quality of Xianggan tea. Methods: The main chemical components, mineral element content and volatile components were analyzed in the Tianjian tea, mandarin peel and Xianggan tea. Results: The moisture content of Tianjian tea, mandarin peel, and Xianggan tea were all less than 20%, and made them easy for storage. The content of crude polysaccharides, total flavonoids, and total phenols was in the order of …

Active Components, Antioxidant Capacity And Quality Evaluation Of Sichuan Dark Tea, Zhu Bo-Yu, Xia Chen, Luo Ke-Bin, Zhu Yong-Qing, Tang Xiao-Bo, Chen Jian

Food and Machinery

Objective: The contents of tea polyphenol monomer, caffeine (CAF), total polyphenols acid (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) in 26 kinds of commercial Sichuan dark tea (S1～S26) were analyzed, and the in vitro antioxidant activities were investigated, to provide a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation of Sichuan dark tea. Methods: Gradient elution was used to analyze the content of tea polyphenol monomer and caffeine. The contents of TPC and TFC were determined by the folin phenol method and chemical analysis method, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. Results: The content of gallic acid …

Adsorption Of Caffeic Acid In Sucrose Solution By Magnetic Chitosan Modified Kaolin, Pan Yan-Mei, Wu Hai-Ling, Wei Qiao-Yan, Su Long, Liu Fu-Jie

Food and Machinery

Objective: Studied the adsorption characteristics of magnetic chitosan modified kaolin on caffeic acid in simulated sugarcane juice, and provided the reference for the removal of phenolic pigments in sugarcane juice. Methods: Magnetic chitosan modified kaolin was prepared by coprecipitation of chitosan, nano ferric oxide and kaolin. The surface structure and group changes of kaolin before and after modification were characterized by FT-IR, VSM and SEM; The adsorption characteristics of caffeic acid were studied by adsorption test. Results: the modified chitosan and nano-Fe₃O₄ were successfully loaded on kaolin, and the adsorption performance of caffeic acid was improved. The …

Effects Of Milling Degree And Cooking Method On The Cooked Rice Quality Of High-Quality Indica Rice, Li Liu-Yan, Zhan Zhan, Zhang Wei, Shu Zai-Xi, Wang Ping-Ping

Food and Machinery

Objective: To investigate the effects of milling degree and cooking method on cooked rice quality of high-quality Indica rice. Methods: Paddy rice （variety Longliangyou 1813） were dehulled and milled for 20, 35, and 50 s, respectively. Rice milled for different durations were cooked with electric pressure cooker and ordinary rice cooker, respectively. Quality attributes of cooked rice were compared by texture analyzer, gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometer （GC-IMS）, and sensory judgement. Results: For rice milled for 20 s, the cooked product of ordinary rice cooker had higher hardness than that of electric pressure cooker. However, for rice milled for 35 or …

Effect Of Jet Milling On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Tartary Buckwheat Powder, Zhang Xue, Zhang Dong-Jie, Zhang Ai-Wu

Food and Machinery

Objective: The effect of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties of tartary buckwheat powder in different parts was studied, aiming to provide a certain theoretical reference for the food industry to use superfine grinding to prepare tartary buckwheat food. Methods: Tartary buckwheat skin powder, core powder and whole powder were used as materials to prepare tartary buckwheat ultrafine powder by superfine grinding combined with a fluidized bed jet mill. The superfine powder was studied by measuring the particle size, specific surface area, comprehensive powder characteristics, swelling property, water solubility and other indicators. Results: The particle size of the three kinds …

Determination Of 10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid In Honey By Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Hu Li-Li, Li Ying, Wang Hui, Pi Lu-Lu, Chen Xian-Gui, Jiang Li

Food and Machinery

Objective: This study aimed to establish a method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to determine 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid in honey. Methods: The samples were extracted with methanol-water and cleaned up by a PLS solid-phase extraction column. The separation was performed on an Agilent ZOXBAR SB-C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.8 μm) and methanol -5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution was used as the mobile phase for gradient elution. Mass spectrometry was carried out under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) and standard external method for quantitative analysis. Results: Good linearity of the developed analytical method …

Simultaneous Rapid Determination Of 18 Quinolones Residues In Raw Milk By Liquid-Liquid Extraction And Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Zhou Yan-Hua, Li Tao, Pan Xiao-Hong, Xiang Jun

Food and Machinery

Objective: A rapid method for simultaneous determination of 18 quinolones residues in raw milk was established. Methods: The raw milk was pretreated by liquid-liquid extraction, and the residues of 18 quinolones in raw milk were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The linearity of all the 18 quinolones from 2.0 to 100.0 ng/mL had correlation coefficients greater than 0.992. The limits of detection (LOD) of this method ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.06 to 1.50 μg/kg. The average recoveries of the 18 quinolones were 74.0% to 106.5%, with the relative …

Rapid Determination Simultaneously Of Twelve Kinds Of Nitrophenolic Compounds In Water By Modified Quechers-Gc-Ms, Wu Jian-Qiang, Zhao Zhong-Jing, Hong Xia, He Hai-Ning, Yuan Cai-Xia

Food and Machinery

Objective: A simple, efficient, rapid, sensitive, reproducible, accurate and rapid method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 nitrophenols in water. Methods: Magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles loaded with bifunctional octadecylamine functionalized carbon nanotube composites were synthesized by coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. The sample pretreatment method of QuEChERS was optimized and combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of nitrophenols in water quality. Results: The optimized QuEChERS sample pretreatment method gave the advantages of magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nano materials. Under the control of these conditions, high efficiency of …

Rapid Determination Of Seven Inorganic Anions In Water By High Pressure Ion Chromatography, Li Qian-Ying, Huang Shao-Man, Chen Jing-Zhou, Liang Zhi-Sen

Food and Machinery

Objective: To establish a method for the rapid determination of seven kinds of inorganic anions in water by high pressure ion chromatography（HPIC）, including fluoride ion, chloride ion, bromide ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, chlorite ion and chlorate ion. Methods: Dionex Integrion high pressure ion chromatography and Ionpac AS19 analytical column were used. Under the conditions of KOH eluent concentration of 20 mmol/L and flow rate of 2.00 mL/min, the content of seven inorganic anions in water was determined by inhibition conductivity detector. Results: The results showed that seven kinds of inorganic anions could be separated within 7 min. The linear …

Design Of Moisture-Content Detecting System For The Dried Powders Of The Fruits And Vegetables, Zhao Yong, Wu Xu-Yao, Huang Wen-Ying, Xu Hui-Li, Wu Zhong-Hua

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to meet the demand of low water-content fruit-vegetable powder online detection, a new detection system was established. Methods: Based on the microwave transmission principle, an online moisture detection system of fruit-vegetable powder was designed. The system was divided into a feed module, a detection module, a discharge module and control display module, and the corresponding hardware and software design. Carrot powders were used as the test material, and a third-party testing institution compared the two methods, including water-content microwave transmission and national standard testing, to evaluate the test performance of the device. Results: The moisture content of …

Solid-Phase Extraction And Accurate Analysis On Food Additives In Marinated Meat Products, Wang Xiao-Jun, Li Feng-Ling

Food and Machinery

Objective: To establish an accurate method for the determination of benzoic acid, sorbic acid and saccharin sodium in soy sauce brine meat products. Methods: The samples were extracted by ethyl acetate, SPE-MCX solid phase extraction, and detected by HPLC simultaneously. Results: The determination was performed on Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） with mobile phase consisting of 75% 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate solution and 25% acetonitrile. The column temperature was set at 25 ℃, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL. The detection wavelength was 230 nm. In the range …

International Experience And Enlightenment Of Food Safety Emergency Management System Construction—Based On The Investigation Of The United States And The European Union, Meng Qiang, Cai Wen-Jing, Liu Mu-Yun

Food and Machinery

It was systematically investigated and sorted out the construction of management systems for food safety emergencies in the United States and the European Union, and their legal and regulatory systems, organizational systems, and operational mechanism systems were analyzed to provide valuable references for the construction of management systems for food safety in China.

Fast Identification Of Milk Powder Brand Based On Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology, Yang Li, Xia A-Lin, Zhang Yu

Food and Machinery

Objective: 270 milk powder samples from 6 different brands were detected and distinguished by low field nuclear magnetic resonance combined with chemometrics. Methods: Three chemometrics methods of principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) were used to process experimental data of samples statistically. Results: The PCA method based on three-dimensional projection could not achieve the purpose of rapid identification of milk powder brand; the correct recognition rates of training and prediction sets were 66.1% and 52.2% for the PLS-DA method, respectively, which was low in credibility and challenging to realize the …

Simulation Analysis On Mechanical Properties Of Macadamia Nut Peeler Roll, Jiang Kuai-Le, Chen Zhi-Hua, Li Ya-Nan, Tan Xian-Chao

Food and Machinery

Objective: To analyze the structural strength and vibration characteristics of the peeling roller, the key component of the macadamia nut peeling machine, and determine its working parameters. Methods: The established Solidworks model of the peeling roller was imported into Ansys for static analysis and modal simulation. Results: When the working speed of the peeling roll was 861.4 r/min, its maximum deformation was 0.032 08 mm, and the equivalent stress was 11.872 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress under normal working conditions was far less than the yield strength of the material. The first six natural frequencies of the roller were 111.44, …

Dynamic Simulation Analysis Of Double-Shaft Paddle Type Food Mixer Based On Dem, Xu Yu-Jing

Food and Machinery

Objective: In order to analyze the movement and mixing characteristics of food powder particles in the double-shaft paddle mixer to optimize the verification of the mixer structure. Methods: The EDEM software was used to simulate the proportional mixing of three different sizes of food powder particles, and then Bin Groups would build a mixing box to observe the mixing situation, and evaluate it by studying the number of particles between different types of food powder. Results: At t=5 s, there was still a certain gap in the number of particles in the squares corresponding to the three types of powdered …

Modeling And Analysis Of Static And Dynamic Characteristics Of Three Degrees Of Freedom Parallel Packaging Mechanism, Dong Xu, Gao Tie-Hong

Food and Machinery

Objective: Aiming at a three degree of freedom HUU type parallel mechanism which can be used in food packaging，the static and dynamic characteristics are studied. Methods: The geometric model of the parallel mechanism was firstly established, and the static and dynamic stiffness of the mechanism were analyzed and calculated; then the dynamic equation of the mechanism was established based on Lagrange method. The dynamic analysis of the connecting rod was carried out as a pure rigid body, and then the rigid flexible coupling dynamic analysis was carried out by making the branch chain connecting rod flexible. Results: The static stiffness …

Visual Servo Control Method Of Food Sorting Robot Based On Improved Bp Neural Network, Yu Xiao-Lan, Wan Yun, Chen Jing-Zhao

Food and Machinery

Objective: To solve the problems of complex structure and large calculation amount of the visual servo control system of the current food sorting robot, which unable to meet the flexibility and adaptability of the sorting robot to the visual servo control system. Methods: Based on the structure of robot visual servo control system, a visual servo control method of food sorting robot based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and BP neural network was proposed. The particle swarm algorithm used crossover and mutation in the iterative process to maintain population diversity, the initial weight and threshold of BP neural network …

Research On Legal Risk And Avoidance In Factoring Business Of Food Machinery And Equipment Export, Chen Jian

Food and Machinery

In order to control risks and speed up capital turnover, enterprises begin to gradually use export factoring business. However, in the export factoring business, it is faced with problems such as contract disputes, relevant policies of importing countries, application of laws and so on, and this makes the recovery of enterprise accounting receivable problematic and resulting in enterprise losses. In this study, the methods to avoid the legal risks of export factoring business were put forward from three aspects, including the signing of prior contracts for the export of food machinery and equipment and the understanding of the policies of …