Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Why Has Sps R&D Received So Little Funding?, Karen Cramer Shea

Online Journal of Space Communication

Solar Power Satellite (SPS) research and development has received little funding over the 40 years since the concept was first introduced. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have each hosted and then cancelled space solar power programs because they didn't fit their mandates. It is time to broaden our search for agencies to fund SPS R&D, to find an agency that deals with both space and energy. Another problem faced by space-based solar power advocates is that launch costs are too high for SPS to be affordable. The launch market is currently …

Sunsats: The Next Generation Of Comsats, Don Flournoy

Online Journal of Space Communication

No solar power satellites (SunSats) are yet in operation. While all space-based satellites host some type of solar collector for the energy needed to power and control them, no satellites are in orbit today for the primary purpose of gathering energy from the sun and delivering it to earth. Because an abundant and sustainable new source of energy is desperately needed on earth and the current level of technological development will now permit it, a huge new satellite sector is about to emerge relaying energy from space to the ground where it will be used as electricity.

The logical path …

Disruptive Technology: A Space-Based Solar Power Industry Forecast, Kristin Medin

Online Journal of Space Communication

Space-based solar power (SBSP) is an emerging industry whose objective is to relieve the world of its crippling dependence on fossil fuels. However, beyond energy and climate change, this business is rarely considered for its potentially positive impact on future society. Large-scale efforts at commercialization of innovations have long been dependent on collaborations between government and private sectors, addressing public need. What the Transcontinental Railroad did for the American economy in the 1800's is an example: this technological breakthrough spawned the Industrial Revolution. In the 2000's, space technologies and their industries have demonstrated the potential for a similar revolutionary influence. …

Space Solar Vs Base Load Ground Solar And Wind Power, John K. Strickland Jr.

Online Journal of Space Communication

This paper attempts direct comparisons between ground-based solar and wind electrical power generation systems and those of Space Solar. Ground solar and wind are the two major popularly proposed replacements for carbon-based energy. Potentially, these could become very large base load electrical power sources due to: 1) their current political recognition as the desired replacement sources and 2) to their widespread availability. However, they have severe physical limitations. For Space Solar, only those aspects that are critical for valid comparisons to the ground based systems are give attention. The focus is primarily on physical comparisons, such as actual areas of …

Costs, Organization, And Roadmap For Ssp, Peter J. Schubert

Online Journal of Space Communication

Space Solar Power will be too expensive until it is too late to afford it. Politicians shy away from projects that last longer than they will remain in office. Governments are reluctant to fund projects where there are no short-term paybacks. Militaries will not sponsor work that cannot be used to fight wars. Corporate investment in long-term projects without a proven return are unlikely. Environmentalists, status quo defenders, and established energy interests alike will resist large-scale projects, driving up costs and costing time. There is presently no consensus on an optimal SSP architecture; nor is there an agreed-upon cost; nor …

Solar Power Satellites Research In China, Ji Gao, Xinbin Hou, Li Wang

Online Journal of Space Communication

In its long-term vision, the responsibility for ensuring China's food safety for its huge population, meeting its international obligations for environmental protection and providing the structure for its energy needs have determined that the direction of future development of low-carbon energy sources cannot be to sacrifice the "inner" earth. Thus, the state has decided that power coming from outside of the earth, such as solar power and development of other space energy resources, is to be China's future direction.

Space based solar power (SBSP), and the development of solar power satellites (SPS) to facilitate renewable energy production, is one of …

Sustaining India's Economic Growth, Raghavan Gopalaswami

Online Journal of Space Communication

Depleting fossil fuel reserves and the tangible impact of climate change have mandated nations to review national energy-mix policies. The Government of India's target of 7% GDP growth rate will require 1,476 GW installed power capacity by 2052. But historical constraints since 1951 on growth of power capacity (like land acquisition, water, fuel supply chains and silting of dams) have limited power capacity growth in India to a maximum 4GW/year. Should these historical constraints continue into the future as "business-as-usual" scenarios, just 472 GW would have been realized by 2052, effectively slowing India's GDP growth rate to 3.5% per annum. …

Global Warming In Perspective Understanding Climate Change In A World Of Contradictory Information, John K. Strickland Jr.

Online Journal of Space Communication

This article attempts to answer some fundamental global warming (GW) questions in as clear and balanced a way as possible. It touches on the current media and political discussion of the topic, an understanding of which has become integral to understanding the topic itself. This discussion is presented in light of the frequent use of the global warming crisis as an argument against all uses and sources of energy, clean or dirty, by rich and poor. The extremely large untapped energy source represented by Space Solar Power is offered as a potential long-term solution.

Energy Costs Eliminated By Satellite System, Joleroy Gauger

Online Journal of Space Communication

Successfully implementing a Solar Power Satellite Program will take a multi-discipline, multi-national, geopolitical effort. Planning for that level of complexity must begin now. This article gives the principal reasons for going to space for "free power," and seeks to illustrate some of that complexity. Solar energy is "free", just like the water in a hydroelectric system. There is no cost for fuel.

The sun delivers energy to earth at the rate of 1.37 kilowatts per square meter during daylight hours. This amounts to 174 petawatts (one petawatt is 10 to the fifteenth power). About 89 petawatts reach the earth's surface. …

Harnessing The Sun: Embarking On Humanity's Next Giant Leap, Feng Hsu

Online Journal of Space Communication

It has become increasingly evident that facing and solving the multiple issues concerning energy is the single most pressing problem that we face as a species. In recent years, there has been extensive debate and media coverage about alternative energy, sustainable development and global climate change, but what has been missing (at least in the mainstream media) is the knowledge and point of view of scientists and engineers. From the scientists or engineers perspective, this paper discusses the prospects for mankind's technological capability and societal will in harnessing solar energy, and focuses on the issues of: 1) space based solar …

Issue 16: From The Guest Editor, Ralph Nansen

Online Journal of Space Communication

Guest editor Ralph Nansen introduces the issue.

Information Software And Devices For Energy Efficiency Management And Control, Narzullo Nuriddinovich Mirzoyev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article provides information on modern methods of management and control of energy efficiency at industrial enterprises. This includes the software needed to manage and monitor energy efficiency, as well as the formation of a database. In addition, a structural diagram of an intelligent power monitoring system has been developed and its elements have been selected. Describes the principle of operation of an intelligent measuring device, its connection to the network, conversion of analog signals to digital, channels and ranges of signal transmission, metrological characteristics. The article details the capabilities and benefits of smart meters.

Control System Synthesis With Self-Adapting Regulator By Interactive Adaptation Method, Isamiddin Xakimovich Siddikov, Renata Nikolayevna Izmaylova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The research results on the creation of a self-adapting control system for a nonlinear dynamic object based on the theory of intelligent control using interactive adaptation methods have been presented. The lack of an accurate description and the nonlinearity of the dynamic properties of the object under study, the presence of mutual influence of cross communication channels in the control circuits, as well as the influence of various types of uncertainties associated with the lack of a priori information about the process, significantly complicate the solution of the problem of synthesis of highly efficient control systems for dynamic objects, which …

Analysis Of Water Treatment Methods For Circulating Water Supply In Industrial Plants, Djalolitdin Paxritdinovich Mukhitdinov, Nilufar Abdusomi Kizi Yunusova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This scientific paper deals with the problem of extracting Ca2+ and Md2+ salts from water in order to prevent the formation of scale on the heating surfaces of heat exchange equipment. The features, advantages and disadvantages of chemical, membrane and ion exchange methods of water treatment have been evaluated. It has been shown that the chemical method of water purification can be used only for the preparation of industrial water at large stations (at the same time, high residual hardness prevails in the water, the equipment has low productivity), and the membrane method requires pretreatment of water, creation of overpressure …

Algorithms For Modal Control Synthesis In Multi-Dimensional Dynamic System, Husan Zakirovich Igamberdiev, Jasur Usmonovich Sevinov, Oqila Husanovna Boyeva

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Algorithms for the synthesis of modal control of a multidimensional dynamic system with concentrated parameters in the state space have been presented. The problems of modal control of a multidimensional dynamic system have been formulated for the case when the matrix representation of a closed system has a simple structure. The conditions for the solvability of the problem of modal control of a multidimensional dynamic system by means of output feedback have been obtained. To give numerical stability in the procedure of pseudo-circulation of matrices, it is proposed to use the concepts of regular methods in the form of scalar …

Ultrasonic Extraction Of Instant Forms Of Plant Substrates In Industrial Production, Shakhnoza Abduvaxitovna Sultanova, Jasur Safarov, Azamat Bakir O'G'Li Usenov, Doston Ishmuhammat Ogli Samandarov, Qobil Akmal Ogli Mukhiddinov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In recent years, both in our country and abroad, ultrasonic extraction methods have been increasingly used in industrial production, which is associated with the extraction of various substances and compounds from natural plant substrates. Domestic and foreign experience shows that this method has significant advantages over traditional methods and can significantly increase the efficiency and profitability of industrial enterprises, producing complete and functional food products.

This article discusses a brief theory of ultrasonic cavitation and the experience of extracting substrates from plants. Different results have been compared and analyzed.

Analysis Of Grain Product Drying Methods, Azizbek Nodirbekovich Yusupbekov, Dilmurod Egamberganov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Various drying methods and grain characteristics have been studied. The advantages and disadvantages of various grain drying methods were obtained. The use of the following methods of drying grain products is very useful for speeding up the drying process, reducing waste, achieving more flexible process management and delivering all the nutrients of dried grain and grain products to the subsequent production process. The technological approaches that increase the efficiency of high-quality production after drying grain products, the requirements for modern grain dryers have analyzed. The ways of overcoming the problem of high energy consumption in the process of drying grain …

Implementation Of Distance Learning At Universities Using The Experience Of The Honeywell Process Control Laboratory At Tashkent State Technical University, Nodirbek Rustambekovich Yusupbekov, Adilov Tulkunovich Farukh, Isakova Ismailovna Sitora

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The experience of modernization of the Honeywell Process Control Laboratory at Tashkent State Technical University has been considered (which is equipped with upgraded equipment (simulators for simulating various technological processes, distance learning tools). As a result, the quality of the demonstration of process control mechanisms increased the availability of theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of automated control systems. They also considered the teaching methods necessary for a modern student – remote access in real time, when students pass a knowledge test, consult with teachers, etc.

Error Of Contactless Converters Of High Currents Of Monitoring And Control Systems From The Influence Of Currents Of Neighboring Buses, A.M. Plakhtiev, Gayratjon Gaziev, Y.A. Meliboev, O. Doniyorov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article presents the general principles of construction of contactless ferromagnetic converters of large direct currents, the main requirements for them, and the results of the development of one of the developed wide-range magnetomodulation contactless converters of control and control systems concerning large electric power facilities. The developed converter, unlike the known ones, have a wide range of controlled currents, increased accuracy and sensitivity, a technological design, and small weight and dimensions at low material consumption and cost. The errors of contactless wide-range magnetomodulation converters from the influence of currents of neighboring buses connected by and the opposite direction are …

Implementation Of The Pid Control Law Of A Multidimensional Dynamic System, Khurshid Salim Ugli Turayev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Most industrial automation facilities are multi-circuit with a significant influence of cross-links between the goals. The paper develops a system for automatic parameter adjustment of a programmable logic controller that implements the proportional-integral-differential control law of a multidimensional dynamic object. The issues of decentralized management of multidimensional dynamic objects are discussed. The control system is based on the method of independent synthesis with static compensation of the impact of cross-links. Additional software has been developed to determine the parameters of the control system. After setting the necessary parameters, the process of automatic adjustment of the controller parameters starts. Self-tuning procedures …

Resampling And Super-Resolution Of Hexagonally Sampled Images Using Deep Learning, Dylan Flaute, Russell C. Hardie, Hamed Elwarfalli

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Super-resolution (SR) aims to increase the resolution of imagery. Applications include security, medical imaging, and object recognition. We propose a deep learning-based SR system that takes a hexagonally sampled low-resolution image as an input and generates a rectangularly sampled SR image as an output. For training and testing, we use a realistic observation model that includes optical degradation from diffraction and sensor degradation from detector integration. Our SR approach first uses non-uniform interpolation to partially upsample the observed hexagonal imagery and convert it to a rectangular grid. We then leverage a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture designed for SR …

Mathematical Expression And Quantitative Analysis Of Impedance Spectrum On The Interface Of Glassy Carbon Electrode, Lei Cheng, Pu-Xuan Yan, You-Jun Fan, Hua-Hong Zou, Hong Liang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is a common basic electrode for various electrochemical sensors, and the detection properties are determined by its interfacial characteristics. In this paper, we established an equivalent circuit including electrolyte resistance (R_el), charge transport resistance (R_ct), diffusion impedance (R_di, C_di), electrochemical (oxidation/reduction) reaction impedance (R_R, C_R), surface adsorption impedance (R_ads , C_ads), double-layer capacitance (C_DL), and derived the mathematical expression for the equivalent circuit. The R_el and C_DL are contributed by inactive …

Development Of Small-Scale Power Supplies For Wearable Medical Diagnostic Devices, Donny Stiner

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

As devices continue the trend of becoming increasingly smaller in scale to allowfor wearability, the power supply modules driving these technologies will in turn become reduced in size as well. This progression will call for advanced techniques to fabricate power supplies on wearable device platforms which still permit the circuit to operate effectively. One such crucial technique, which is discussed in this thesis, is the implementation of power saving measures to increase battery lifespan on wearable devices.

Equipment found in the medical field today can be quite bulky and requireinconvenient means of transportation and take up an excessive amount of …

Effect Of Alkyl Chain Length Of Symmetrical Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide On Oxalic Acid Electroreduction Reaction, Bo Huang, Xin-Sheng Zhang, Dong-Fang Niu, Shuo-Zhen Hu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Glyoxylic acid with the dual characteristics of acid and aldehyde is an important chemical raw material and organic synthesis intermediate, which is extensively used in the perfumery, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. A family of symmetric quaternary ammonium hydroxides (QAHs) with different alkyl chain lengths was used as the additives in generating glyoxylic acid from oxalic acid electroreduction reaction (OAER). The effects of alkyl chain length on OAER and the corresponding side reaction, i.e., hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), were investigated. Linear sweep voltammetric (LSV) results showed that the adsorption of the additives suppressed more on the HER than that on …

A Novel Reduced-Order Method For Analysis Of Hyperspectral Images, Yanming Zhang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hyperspectral imaging technology has been broadly applied in remote sensing because it collects echoed signals from across the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum and provides fruitfully helpful information. However, the processing or transformation of high-data-volume hyperspectral images, also viewed as snapshots varying with the EM spectrum, burdens the hardware resources, especially for the high spectral resolution and spatial resolution cases. To tackle this challenge, a novel reduced-order method based on the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm is presented here to analyze hyperspectral images. The method decomposes the spatial-spectral hyperspectral images in terms of spatial dynamic modes and corresponding spectral patterns. Then, these …

Performance And Mechanism Of PtXCuY/C Electrocatalyst For Methanol Oxidation, Jia Tang, Xiao-Ming Zhang, Shan-Sheng Yu, Su-Li Wang, Gong-Quan Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which directly converts the chemical energy of methanol fuel into electrical energy, has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, and abundance of fuel sources. DMFC is considered as the promising substitutes in the field of portable devices, military applications, and stationary power stations, while the broad application is severely hindered by the sluggish kinetic of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in the anode and the high cost of platinum (Pt)-based anodic electrocatalysts. Herein, a series of carbon supported Pt_xCu_y (Pt_xCu_y/C) binary metal electrocatalysts, featured with high …

Electrochemical Synthesis Of P-(Β-Hydroxyethyl Sulfone) Aniline, Hao Guo, Dong-Fang Niu, Shuo-Zhen Hu, Xin-Sheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Para-ester is the most important intermediate for the preparation of ethylene sulfone type reactive dyes, which is usually used in the dyeing of cellulose fibers and synthetic fibers. P-(β-hydroxyethyl sulfone) aniline is an important intermediate for the synthesis of para-ester. In this paper, p-(β-hydroxyethyl sulfone) aniline was prepared by electrochemical method, having the advantages of simple process, mild reaction condition, less environmental pollution, easy reaction control and so on. It has strong development potential and industrial application prospect. The electrochemical reduction of p-nitrophenyl-β-hydroxyethyl sulfone on a lead plate electrode to prepare p-(β-hydroxyethyl …

Synthesis Of Nickel Phosphide/Nitrogen Phosphorus Co-Doped Carbon And Its Application In Lithium Ion Batteries, Jian Hu, Yan-Shuang Meng, Qian-Ru Hu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In recent years, the nickel-based phosphide has drawn great attention because of its low intercalation/deintercalation platform and lower polarization compared to sulfides and oxides as anodes for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries. The Ni₂P anode can deliver high theoretical specific capacity of 542 mAh·g^-1, but it subject to a conversion reaction mechanism, which make them unsuitable for commercial applications. The agglomeration of Ni₂P nanoparticles during material fabrication and the structural deterioration of electrode associated with large volume change during charge-discharge process lead to poor cycle stability and low utilization of active materials. Meanwhile, the low …

Parents’ Perspectives On A Smartwatch Intervention For Children With Adhd: Rapid Deployment And Feasibility Evaluation Of A Pilot Intervention To Support Distance Learning During Covid-19, Franceli L. Cibrian, Elissa Monteiro, Elizabeth Ankrah, Jesus A. Beltran, Arya Tavakoulnia, Sabrina E. B. Schuck, Gillian R. Hayes, Kimberley D. Lakes

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Distance learning in response to the COVID-19 pandemic presented tremendous challenges for many families. Parents were expected to support children’s learning, often while also working from home. Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at particularly high risk for setbacks due to difficulties with organization and increased risk of not participating in scheduled online learning. This paper explores how smartwatch technology, including timing notifications, can support children with ADHD during distance learning due to COVID-19. We implemented a 6-week pilot study of a Digital Health Intervention (DHI) with ten families. The DHI included a smartwatch and a smartphone. Google …

Method Of Making Temperature-Immune Self-Referencing Fabry–Pérot Cavity Sensors, Hengky Chandrahalim, Jonathan W. Smith

AFIT Patents

A method of making passive microscopic Fabry-Pérot Interferometer (FPI) sensor includes forming a three-dimensional microscopic optical structure on a cleaved tip of an optical fiber that reflects a light signal back through the optical fiber. The reflected light is altered by refractive index changes in the three-dimensional structure that is subject to at least one of: (i) thermal radiation; and (ii) volatile organic compounds.