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Articles 3211 - 3240 of 4589

Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering

Influence Of Ground Motion Variability On Design Spectra In Areas Of Low To Moderate Seismicity, Z. A. Lubkowski, J. W. Pappin Apr 1995

Influence Of Ground Motion Variability On Design Spectra In Areas Of Low To Moderate Seismicity, Z. A. Lubkowski, J. W. Pappin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper examines the sensitivity of uniform hazard response spectra to the variability of the ground motion attenuation in areas of low to moderate seismicity. The variabilities of a number of published attenuation relationships are examined. Many of these relationships show that the standard deviation tends to increase as the natural period increases and some show a tendency for the standard deviation to reduce as the earthquake magnitude increases. These published works tend to be derived from earthquake data for areas of high seismicity and therefore the paper includes a critical review of what values of standard deviation are appropriate …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Viii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Viii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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On Association Of Seismic Lineaments And Stress Patterns Of The Southeastern United States: Criteria Of Failure, A. A. Nowroozi Apr 1995

On Association Of Seismic Lineaments And Stress Patterns Of The Southeastern United States: Criteria Of Failure, A. A. Nowroozi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

It is generally agreed that shallow focus, low magnitude, crustal earthquakes are caused by a sudden frictional movement on preexisting faults, and that the orientation of the faults may be delineated by locations of past earthquakes. The spatial distribution of a large number of epicenters in the Southeastern region of the United States may be interpreted in terms of many linear patterns. These patterns indicate weak fracture zones which are conveniently called seismic lineaments. Orientations of the seismic lineaments are mostly NE-SW, NW-SE and N-S within the Piedmont and Coastal Plain Provinces, but they are nearly N-S, and NE-SW within …

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Site Dependent Ground Response For The City Of Patras, Greece, G. A. Athanasopoulos Apr 1995

Site Dependent Ground Response For The City Of Patras, Greece, G. A. Athanasopoulos

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Results of a preliminary study of seismic ground response at different sites of the coastal city of Patras, in Southern Greece, are presented. At each site equivalent linear 1-D response analyses were conducted by using the finite element program LUSH 2. Values of dynamic properties of soils were obtained from either cross-hole tests or empirical correlations. The 'rigid base' excitation was selected as to best simulate the expected bedrock motions in Patras from local and distant earthquakes. The results of the analyses indicate a strong differentiation of seismic site response when moving from the coastal region of the city to …

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Observed Surface Breakage Due To Strike-Slip Faulting, C. A. Lazarte, J. D. Bray Apr 1995

Observed Surface Breakage Due To Strike-Slip Faulting, C. A. Lazarte, J. D. Bray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents observations from field studies and physical model tests to investigate the response of soil deposits to strike-slip bedrock faulting. The study is relevant to developing mitigation technique against fault-induced damage in structures located near potentially active faults. Observations of ground rupture patterns in alluvial materials following the 1992 Landers earthquake are presented. Particularly important are the observations of significant deformation away from the main trace, the width of the shear zone, and the effects of the surficial geology on the fault expression. Preliminary results from small-scale model tests simulating strike-slip rupture are also presented. The tests results …

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Discussions And Replies — Session Ix, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Ix, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Analysis Of Inclined Shear Waves In Vertical Bluffs, S. A. Ashford, N. Sitar Apr 1995

Analysis Of Inclined Shear Waves In Vertical Bluffs, S. A. Ashford, N. Sitar

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effect of inclined shear waves on the seismic response of vertical bluffs is analyzed using the generalized hyperelement. The bluffs are modeled as a stepped halfspace in the frequency domain. It is shown that the response, normalized as a function of slope height (H) divided by wavelength (λ), is amplified for waves travelling into the slope and attenuation for waves travelling away from the slope. This amplification can be as much as twice the amplification for vertically propagating waves. The results of the analysis suggest that wave orientation and inclination in relation to the slope may need to be …

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R-Wave Dispersion Analysis In Transversely Isotropic Stratum, Shiming Wu, Lizhong Wang Apr 1995

R-Wave Dispersion Analysis In Transversely Isotropic Stratum, Shiming Wu, Lizhong Wang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

With dynamic stiffness of elastic half-space, the Rayleigh wave dispersion in transversely isotropic soil is analyzed by Finite-layer and Semi-infinite layer method. Only is matrix eigenvalue involved, avoiding the calculation procedure encountered in analytical method. Two examples prove the deduction correctly and show that soil anisotropy influences dispersion dramatically. It is possible to study soil anisotropy and characteristics of its dynamical responses from its surface wave dispersion.

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The Effect Of The Produced Vibrations By The Urban Electric Train On The Fillings Of Pumiceous Soils, E. Padilla Apr 1995

The Effect Of The Produced Vibrations By The Urban Electric Train On The Fillings Of Pumiceous Soils, E. Padilla

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The paper presents the results of a study realized in Guadalajara, capital city of the State of Jalisco, in Mexico, in which it proves that the vibrations produced by the operation of the urban electric train were one of the causes of settlements presented in a habitational zone. These settlements produced very several damages to more of 30 houses. To obtain this conclusion, geotechnical studies, dynamic characterization of subsoil and laboratory tests that included the use of a shake table were realized. With the information analysis, were obtained settlement predictions between 0.035 y 0.135 m.

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Vibrations Caused By Pile Driving, P. J. Moore, J. R. Styles, Wing-Hing Ho Apr 1995

Vibrations Caused By Pile Driving, P. J. Moore, J. R. Styles, Wing-Hing Ho

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Ground vibrations caused by impact were measured at two sites; one consisting of sand and the other of clay. Measurements were made at various radial distances from the impact location. The impact was produced by a weight falling either on to a plate or on to a rod partly driven into the ground, the latter case simulating pile driving on a small scale. When expressed in terms of scaled energy, the measured peak particle velocities were in reasonable agreement with some of the published data for clay sites but the agreement was poorer for sand sites. Several theoretical expressions were …

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Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh Apr 1995

Sliding Base Isolation System For Unreinforced Buildings, M. Tehranizadeh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Concept of isolating structures from the effects of ground shaking has been discussed for many years. Its practical application was delayed until the successful development has been made. One of the easiest and lowest cost of base isolation system is the sliding or pure friction type that can be used for unreinforced forced masonry bearing wall building. This type of building are very common in different parts of Iran. Preliminary studies have indicated that the represented system for small buildings situated in the seismic region works very well.

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Screening Of Rayleigh Waves By Open Trenches, E. Conte, G. Dente Apr 1995

Screening Of Rayleigh Waves By Open Trenches, E. Conte, G. Dente

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents results of a numerical study on the effectiveness of open trenches in reducing the ground vibration caused by propagating Rayleigh waves. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain and under conditions of plane strain using the Boundary Element Method. The soil is modelled as a homogeneous isotropic linear elastic half space. In order to represent the screening effect due to the installation of the barrier, the index ER is introduced. ER is defined as the ratio of the rate of energy transmission over the area to be protected in the presence of the trench and that …

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Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang Apr 1995

Evaluation Of Man-Made Ground Vibrations, Xian Jian Yang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The evaluation method of the man-made ground vibration and its formula are reviewed in the paper. The author's formula presented the possibility to solve the Vibration in near source due to the body wave from varied sources. The ground Vibration sources, such as traffic, pile driving etc. and the effects of the embedded source are involved as well. The parameters of the soil energy attenuation and the geometrical attenuation presented have been examined by National Standard Committee of CHINA in 1994. The case histories on varied testing site and vibrating effects are described.

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Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — Session Xii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

A New Scenario Earthquake For Southern California Based On The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Prior to the M 6.8 Northridge, California, earthquake, the two principal scenarios for Southern California were based on a recurrence of a great earthquake (M 8.25) on the San Andreas Fault system and a moderate earthquake (M 6.5) on the Newport-Inglewood fault zone. Like the January 17, 1994, Northridge earthquake, the new scenario event--a blind thrust fault beneath Los Angeles--is expected to generate very high levels of ground shaking (acceleration, velocity, displacement, spectral response) in the epicentral region, trigger ground failure over a wide area; cause extensive damage to the built environment; and test all aspects of the earthquake risk …

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Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr. Apr 1995

Solid Waste Landfill Performance During The 1994 Northridge Earthquake, A. J. Augello, J. D. Bray, R. B. Seed, N. Matasovic, E. Kavazanjian Jr.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of 22landfills in the Los Angeles area during the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake has been investigated. Observations of damage at these landfills indicate that the overall performance of solid waste landfills was encouraging. None of the surveyed landfills showed any signs of major damage. However, one geosynthetic-lined landfill experienced two tears in the geomembrane liner. Most landfills within 30 km of the zone of energy release experienced some form of cracking in the soil cover. Beyond approximately 40 km from the zone of energy release, little to no damage was observed.

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The Performance Of Hillside Fills During The Northridge Earthquake, David J. Mcmahon, Alan Kropp, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jonathon D. Bray Apr 1995

The Performance Of Hillside Fills During The Northridge Earthquake, David J. Mcmahon, Alan Kropp, Jonathan P. Stewart, Jonathon D. Bray

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Many hillside fills located in the Santa Monica, Santa Susana, and San Gabriel Mountains were damaged during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. While no deaths have been attributed to fill movement, on the order of tens of millions of dollars in property damage was caused by fill movements which typically involved less than about 7.5cm (3 inches) of localized displacement. Some of the damage was induced by permanent deformations of underlying native materials, but most appears to have resulted from ground failure or ground shaking phenomena associated directly with the fill materials. These phenomena include cyclic compaction, lurching, and amplification of …

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Canlex (Canadian Liquefaction Experiment): A One Year Update, P. K. Robertson, B. R. List, B. A. Hofmann Apr 1995

Canlex (Canadian Liquefaction Experiment): A One Year Update, P. K. Robertson, B. R. List, B. A. Hofmann

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The Canadian Geotechnical engineering community has embarked on a major study regarding the liquefaction of sand entitled The Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) through a collaborative effort of industry, engineering consultants and university participants, with the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The study is examining the characterization of sand for dynamic and static liquefaction. The project was started in 1993 and is expected to last at least 3 years with equal funding by both industry and NSERC for a total of about C$1.8M. This paper provides a brief progress report on the Project. Three …

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Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret Apr 1995

Numerical Modelling Approaches For The Analysis Of Earthquake Triggered Landslides, H. Modaressi, D. Aubry, E. Faccioli, C. Noret

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Different numerical approaches for the analysis of earthquake triggered landslides are studied. Improved simplified models are developed and their performance for evaluating the response of natural slopes subjected to earthquakes is studied. Using more sophisticated numerical techniques the influence of several factors such as the hydro mechanical behavior assumptions, 1D vs. 2D geometry, and the input motion are assessed. 2D computations have shown that the kinematics of the slope motion is largely affected by the geometry of the slope. As far as the soil behavior is concerned, the results indicate that introduction of progressive yielding in the soil model provides …

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Worldwide Advances In Seismic Zonation, W. W. Hays Apr 1995

Worldwide Advances In Seismic Zonation, W. W. Hays

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic zonation is the process that integrates the hazard, policy, and built environments to produce maps that divide a geographic region into smaller areas or zones which can be used by community decision makers to answer the question, "Where is the best location to locate and build a specific structure." Seismic zonation maps have been produced by almost every country in the world with the most rapid advances occurring after 1968.

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National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods Apr 1995

National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (Nges), R. D. Woods

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The cost of and time required for site characterization in preparation for field experimentation often exceeds the cost and time of performing the experiment. For this reason alone, there is a need for well characterized field experimentation sites. The additional advantage of being able to compare measurements of so1l and rock parameters by new methods with measurements of the same parameters by other methods in well-known materials is very beneficial to the geotechnical community. Finally, the need to perform full scale earth structure experiments dictates a need for well characterized and user friendly sites where large experiments can be performed. …

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Simple Physical Models For Foundation Dynamics, John P. Wolf Apr 1995

Simple Physical Models For Foundation Dynamics, John P. Wolf

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

As an alternative to rigorous boundary-element solutions, simple physical models can be used to determine e.g. the interaction force-displacement relationship (dynamic stiffness) of foundations and the seismic effective foundation input motion. Translational and rotational cones and their corresponding lumped-parameter models together with simple one-dimensional wave patterns in the horizontal plane allow surface, embedded and pile foundations even for a layered site to be analyzed and thus form a major step towards developing a strength-of-materials approach to foundation - vibration analysis. The analysis can mostly be performed directly in the time domain. The physical models provide physical insight which is often …

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Wave Propagation In The Ground And Isolation Measures, W. A. Haupt Apr 1995

Wave Propagation In The Ground And Isolation Measures, W. A. Haupt

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The first part of this report deals with wave propagation in the ground. Special attention is given to the radiation of waves from a source and on the effect of layering or continuous variation of the shear modulus in the soil on travelling waves. In the second part, vibration isolation measures are described, such as open or infilled trenches and rows of bore holes or piles. The results of different theoretical and experimental investigations are compared. Finally, recently developed isolation measures are presented.

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Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam Apr 1995

Seismic Design Of Pile Foundations: Structural And Geotechnical Issues, Geoffrey R. Martin, Ignatius Po Lam

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Research on soil-pile-structure interaction under dynamic loading over the past 20 years has led to a variety of analysis approaches of varying complexity to address a range of dynamic problems. Many of these analysis approaches have been adapted for use for the seismic design of pile foundations. In this paper, the various analysis methods are only briefly reviewed. The focus of discussion is on design concepts and issues more routinely used or encountered by structural engineers during seismic design of new or retrofitted pile foundation systems representative of those used for bridges and buildings.

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Preliminary Report On The Damage Of Buildings And Houses Due To The Great Hanshin (Kobe) Earthquake Of January 17, 1995, Yoshihiro Sugimura, Madan B. Karkee Apr 1995

Preliminary Report On The Damage Of Buildings And Houses Due To The Great Hanshin (Kobe) Earthquake Of January 17, 1995, Yoshihiro Sugimura, Madan B. Karkee

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

More than 5,400 persons were killed during the great Hanshin earthquake that occurred early in the morning (5:46 a.m.) of January 17, 1995. About 90% of the dead, most of which were aged persons, were crushed under wooden houses and other residential buildings damaged by the strong shock. People could not escape falling ceilings and furnitures because they were still in their sleep. In addition, the shock produced by the active fault directly under the area was very sudden. Markedly heavy damage was concentrated in the approximately 500m wide belt region lying between the Rokko base rock zone and the …

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General Report —Session I: Static And Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters And Constitutive Relations Of Soils, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan Apr 1995

General Report —Session I: Static And Dynamic Engineering Soil Parameters And Constitutive Relations Of Soils, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report —Session Ix: Geotechnical Analysis Of Recent Earthquakes, Walter W. Hays, C. Rojahn, A. Ansal Apr 1995

General Report —Session Ix: Geotechnical Analysis Of Recent Earthquakes, Walter W. Hays, C. Rojahn, A. Ansal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report — Session Xi: Engineering Vibrations And Solutions, K. Rainer Massarsch, C. Madshus, A. Bodare Apr 1995

General Report — Session Xi: Engineering Vibrations And Solutions, K. Rainer Massarsch, C. Madshus, A. Bodare

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report — Session Xiv: Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994, G. L. Hempen Apr 1995

General Report — Session Xiv: Northridge Earthquake, January 17, 1994, G. L. Hempen

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Use Of Infrared Spectrometry To Determine The Effect Of Trichloroethylene Resident Time On Desorption Rates From Flint Clay, Peter T. Lapuma Aug 1994

Use Of Infrared Spectrometry To Determine The Effect Of Trichloroethylene Resident Time On Desorption Rates From Flint Clay, Peter T. Lapuma

Theses and Dissertations

This laboratory based thesis investigated the desorption rate of trichloroethylene (TCE) from flint clay while varying the resident time of TCE exposed to the clay. It is thought that in long contaminated soil, a majority of contaminant mass will become entrained within the interior of the soil particles to slowly desorb out of the soil over long periods of time. Recent studies suggest that the longer a contaminant is resident in soil, the longer the contaminant will take to desorb from the soil. To understand more about soil desorption, this experiment was developed using infrared spectroscopy to detect TCE vapor …

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