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Full-Text Articles in Geotechnical Engineering
Computation Of Dynamic Large Displacements In Earth Systems, Mohamed Fadel Succarieh, Jerry I. Lin, Ahmed-Waeil M. Elgamal
Computation Of Dynamic Large Displacements In Earth Systems, Mohamed Fadel Succarieh, Jerry I. Lin, Ahmed-Waeil M. Elgamal
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A model for the computation of seismically induced permanent displacements is earth structures are proposed. This model allows relative sliding between different zones of the structure under investigation. Large displacements are allowed between these zones. Elasto-plastic constitutive soil behavior is accounted for. An updated Lagrangian Jaumann Finite Element formulation is used. The proposed model is used to predict the observed behavior of LaVillita Dam during the November 15, 1975 earthquake.
A Variational Formulation For Classical Models Of The Slope Stability With Earthquake Effect, Petr Koudelka, Petr Procházka
A Variational Formulation For Classical Models Of The Slope Stability With Earthquake Effect, Petr Koudelka, Petr Procházka
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The paper deals with an extension of application of the Method of Apriori Integration to a model of a general slope, which is partly homogeneous and which is loaded also by the earthquake effect. The most dangerous direction of the power effect of the vibration is shown and for this direction the change of safety factor is discussed. The effect of reduced shear strength is included.
Consideration Of Earthquake Damage To Earth Dam For Irrigation In Japan, Shigeru Tani
Consideration Of Earthquake Damage To Earth Dam For Irrigation In Japan, Shigeru Tani
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
There are many small earth dams for irrigation called "TAMEIKE" in Japan, Most of them were constructed before modern soil engineering were established on the basis of empirical techniques. Earthquakes in the past gave much damage to these earth dams. This paper surveys damage of earthquake for those remaining on records again, and as for Nipponkai-Chubu Earthquake, detailed investigations such as in-situ test, laboratory test, analysis were made to clarify causes of the damage to earth dams. From the result of survey, the following matters were found; i.e., large damages occur at a high rate on earth dams whose foundation …
Displacements Of Slopes Under Earthquake Loading, L. J. L. Lemos, P. A. L. F. Coelho
Displacements Of Slopes Under Earthquake Loading, L. J. L. Lemos, P. A. L. F. Coelho
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The displacements and rates of displacement of slopes post-rupture are influenced by the dynamic response of soils. Pre-existing shear surfaces at or close to residual strength are frequently present in slopes of clay and weak mudstone, due to previous slope movement or tectonic disturbance. Knowledge of the strength of such surfaces under rapid loading is necessary of stability during and after an earthquake is to be examined. To obtain such data, high speed displacement controlled ring shear tests have been performed, on samples after being pre-sheared to residual conditions. With the results from those tests, suitable constitutive laws were derived …
Dynamic Response Of Earth Dam-Foundation System, Lin Gao, Guan Fei
Dynamic Response Of Earth Dam-Foundation System, Lin Gao, Guan Fei
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A numerical procedure is proposed to analyze the seismic response of structure resting on layered medium. By this approach the effects of the dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) upon the response of earth dam on multi-layered half space subjected to seismic ground motions are studied. The dynamic responses of earth dams on rigid base are also evaluated to compare with those on a flexible homogenous half space. It is noted that great differences may arise between the results of the two cases. To investigate the influence of the truncated size of foundation in horizontal direction on the dynamic response of the …
Effects Of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Of Sediments Stored Behind Concrete Dams, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan, T. Srithar
Effects Of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Of Sediments Stored Behind Concrete Dams, Peter M. Byrne, Li Yan, T. Srithar
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Earthquake induced liquefaction of sediment stored behind dams can give rise to high uplift pressures which could endanger their safety. The uplift pressures depend upon the permeability and compressibility of both the sediment and the foundation and are controlled by Biot's equation. Uplift pressures are computed for a single dam and foundation with a range of properties. The results show that for the conditions analyzed, the uplift pressures are largely controlled by the foundation permeability with the largest uplift pressures occurring for the highest foundation permeability. The possibility of liquefied sediment flowing into fissures in the foundation rock is also …
Inelastic Seismic Response Of San Fernando And Santa Felicia Dams, Elsa Stara-Gazetas, Ricardo Dobry
Inelastic Seismic Response Of San Fernando And Santa Felicia Dams, Elsa Stara-Gazetas, Ricardo Dobry
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A simplified method of inelastic seismic analysis of earth dams developed by the authors is used to study the response of the San Fernando and Santa Felicia dams to accelerograms recorded in the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake. The method involves two separate stages. In stage I, the dam is discretized into finite elements and is subjected to horizontal static inertia-like forces; its nonlinear deformation is computed using a plane strain code, while the applied horizontal forces are gradually increased until large enough strains develop in most elements of the dam. The results of this analysis are utilized to derive realistic …
Measured And Calculated Dynamic Response Of Rock-Fill Dam, Lelio H. Mejia, Katherine Fung, David W. Sykora, Joseph P. Koester, Mary E. Hynes
Measured And Calculated Dynamic Response Of Rock-Fill Dam, Lelio H. Mejia, Katherine Fung, David W. Sykora, Joseph P. Koester, Mary E. Hynes
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently completed a seismic stability assessment of the Ririe Darn and Reservoir Project located near Idaho Falls, Idaho. Ririe Darn is an earth- and rockfill darn with a central impervious core constructed between 1966 and 1975 in a narrow canyon of Willow Creek. A geologic and seismologic study indicated that the controlling maximum credible earthquake (MCE} is a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake at a distance of 8 km from the darn. The seismic stability analysis included a dynamic response analysis of the darn using two-dimensional finite element procedures. Empirical relations derived from the observed response …
One- And Two-Dimensional Analysis Of Earth Dams, D. J. Elton, C. F. Shie, T. Hadj-Hamou
One- And Two-Dimensional Analysis Of Earth Dams, D. J. Elton, C. F. Shie, T. Hadj-Hamou
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Earth dams may experience reduction in shear strength due to seismically induced pore pressures. Such reduction may be large enough to result in large deformations and eventual loss of the reservoir. While the analysis of embankment dams subject to earthquake loading is a complicated process, it is required for evaluation of seismic stability. In particular, the possibility of liquefaction in older, hydraulically-filled or otherwise poorly compacted dams during earthquakes presents a threat that must be addressed. This paper compares two methods of calculating the peak dynamic shear stress (critical to liquefaction evaluation) that occurs in an embankment during an earthquake. …
Response Of Earth Dams In Canyons Subjected To Asynchronous Base Excitation, Panos Dakoulas, Humayun Hashmi
Response Of Earth Dams In Canyons Subjected To Asynchronous Base Excitation, Panos Dakoulas, Humayun Hashmi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A mathematical solution is presented for steady-state lateral response of earth and rock fill dams in canyons subjected to asynchronous excitation consisting of obliquely incident SH waves. The dam is idealized with a 2-dimensional shear wedge and the canyon is considered rectangular and consisting of flexible rock. A parametric study is undertaken to investigate the influence of (a) the angle of incidence, (b) the impedance ratio and (c) the canyon narrowness on the steady-state response, by considering in a simplifying way the effects of the dam-canyon interaction. The results demonstrate that the above factors may have a significant effect on …
Seismic Stability Of Hillslopes In Greater Cincinnati Area, M. Zoghi, A. Bodocsi
Seismic Stability Of Hillslopes In Greater Cincinnati Area, M. Zoghi, A. Bodocsi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Slope stability problems involving colluvia on shale bedrock are common in the Greater Cincinnati Area. The behavior of these hillslopes during earthquakes is, however, not known. This gives cause to speculation whether they are vulnerable to earthquake vibrations. In order to verify the response of these slopes to earthquake induced ground motions, representative composite clay shale samples obtained from a typical colluvial hillside in Cincinnati were tested in a cyclic direct shear apparatus which was attached to a load cell from the MTS piston actuator. The samples were initially consolidated under a selected normal pressure and then sheared until residual …
Stability Analyses In The Ports Of Long Beach And Los Angeles, Allen M. Yourman Jr., Gerald M. Diaz
Stability Analyses In The Ports Of Long Beach And Los Angeles, Allen M. Yourman Jr., Gerald M. Diaz
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The combined Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (Ports) have experienced extensive growth over the last three decades. A main feature of the expansions is the creation of new land by placing hydraulic fill behind rock retention dikes. This paper presents an overview of the recent history and state of practice of slope stability analyses performed for projects related to the expansion of the Ports. The geologic and seismic setting and typical soil conditions are also described. This paper is based on a review of geotechnical reports prepared for projects in both Ports and selected published papers. The various …
Attenuation Laws Considering M And R Uncertainties, Sun-Rong Huo, Yuxian Hu
Attenuation Laws Considering M And R Uncertainties, Sun-Rong Huo, Yuxian Hu
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Accounting for the measuring errors or uncertainties of magnitude and distance in addition to ground motion, the attenuation laws for peak horizontal ground acceleration (PGA), velocity(PGV). And displacement (PGD) are studied with a weighted consistent least-square regressional method (WCLSRM) proposed by the authors to obtain the functional relation among several random variables (R.V.). The saturation of ground motions near epicenter with respect to both magnitude and distance is also emphasized in the models. The result is that the scaling factors for distance and the linear term of magnitude in the attenuation relations regressed by the suggested method are about 16 …
Bem-Fem Hybrid Analysis For Topographical Site Response Characteristics, Hirokazu Takemiya, Masaki Ono, Kiyotaka Suda
Bem-Fem Hybrid Analysis For Topographical Site Response Characteristics, Hirokazu Takemiya, Masaki Ono, Kiyotaka Suda
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper concerns an amplification of seismic ground motions by a certainly shaped surface soil deposits in view of its topographical configuration. Different hybrid methods of the boundary element method (BEM) and the finite element method (FEM) are used for the two-dimensional (2- D) analysis. In the analysis, the far field impedance is first evaluated by BEM then it is incorporated into the near field FEM analysis based on the weighted residual method. The steady state responses for different types of harmonic incident waves are investigated. Some useful findings are pointed out in comparison with the one-dimensional (1-D) results.
Dynamical Behavior Of A Slightly Alluvial Basin Due To Concentrated Turbulence, Takashi Nishigaki, Kensuke Baba
Dynamical Behavior Of A Slightly Alluvial Basin Due To Concentrated Turbulence, Takashi Nishigaki, Kensuke Baba
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
This paper is concerned with theoretical analyses and numerical evaluations based on the wave propagation theory to find dynamic characteristics of an alluvial basin locally situated on a half spatial bedrock due to concentrated loadings on the free surface. The method presented herein is derived from the Aki and Larner's method by releasing the assumption of the repeated irregularities, so that the wave field having localized irregularities can be evaluated. The numerical analyses show that the amplification effects are obvious on the free surface inside the alluvial sediment and the subsurface structure influences the seismic behavior observed on the surface.
Effect Of Local Soil Stratigraphy On Microtremor Measurements, George Bouckovalas, Ioanna Krikeli
Effect Of Local Soil Stratigraphy On Microtremor Measurements, George Bouckovalas, Ioanna Krikeli
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The method of microtremors has been recently applied for the microzonation of the town of alamata, in southern Greece. Results from this study are evaluated in comparison with predictions of seismic ground response obtained by 1-D wave propagation analyses. Predominant periods of microtremor are considerably lower than estimated fundamental ground periods. It is shown that a small part of the observed differences in due to soil non-linearity in connection with the small strain amplitudes induced by microtremors. The largest part appears to be due to geologic factors, namely the existence of rigid soil layers within the soft soil above the …
Effects Of Local Soil Conditions In The 1986 Kalamata Earthquakes, George A. Athanasopoulos
Effects Of Local Soil Conditions In The 1986 Kalamata Earthquakes, George A. Athanasopoulos
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Seismic ground response analyses and simplified determinations of fundamental periods of soil profiles were conducted for nine sites of the Greek coastal city of Kalamata which was struck by two destructive small epicentral distance earthquakes in September of 1986. The response analyses were performed by using the computer program LUSH here as the fundamental periods were determined by applying simplified methods suggested in recent literature. The dynamic soil properties needed in all calculations were obtained by in-situ and laboratory testing. The results of all analyses showed differentiation of response from site to site in terms of both frequency content and …
Evaluation Of Soil Amplification At Smart1 Array, Taiwan, Mansour Niazi
Evaluation Of Soil Amplification At Smart1 Array, Taiwan, Mansour Niazi
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In a recent compilation and analysis of nearly 750 accelerograms, we studied six pairs of triaxial accelerograms recorded digitally at two neighboring sites underlain by rock and soil, respectively. The distance between the two sites, both located south of the SMART1 array in northeast Taiwan, is approximately 2 km. The epicentral distances are less than 80 km. For each component, we computed the ratios of peak and spectral amplitudes recorded at the soil site to that of the rock site, for three peak parameters and 23 spectral ordinates. The mean estimates of the soil amplification for the peak parameters range …
Session 8: Opening Remarks, Ricardo Dobry
Session 8: Opening Remarks, Ricardo Dobry
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Pseudo- Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Cyclic Deformation Of Ground Subject To Seismic Liquefaction, Ikuo Towhata, M. D. Shafiqui Islam
Pseudo- Three-Dimensional Analysis Of Cyclic Deformation Of Ground Subject To Seismic Liquefaction, Ikuo Towhata, M. D. Shafiqui Islam
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A Numerical tool was developed to evaluate the effects of differential movement which occurs at the ground surface during earthquakes. A special emphasis is placed on liquefaction of subsoils. A complicated three-dimensional analysis was avoided by using a pseudo-three-dimensional method of finite element analysis which runs on an element mesh of the ground surface topography as seen from the sky. The present analysis takes into account the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of soils, the ground softening due to pore pressure development, and the irregularity in the topography. The proposed method was applied to several cases in which buried pipelines were damaged …
Seismic Response Of Deep Soil Profiles In The New Madrid Seismic Zone, William E. Manrod Iii, James E. Beavers, M. Joe Hunt
Seismic Response Of Deep Soil Profiles In The New Madrid Seismic Zone, William E. Manrod Iii, James E. Beavers, M. Joe Hunt
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Geotechnical and geophysical investigations are being performed at a site which is located within 60 km of the epicenter of the 8.7 magnitude New Madrid February 7, 1812 earthquake. The exploration is being performed to determine the seismic response of the soil profile and to evaluate the liquefaction potential of the site. Permanent downhole instrumentation for seismic monitoring will be installed.
General Report Session 9: Seismology: Predicting Strong Ground Motion For Design, Pierre-Yves Bard
General Report Session 9: Seismology: Predicting Strong Ground Motion For Design, Pierre-Yves Bard
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The 14 papers of the session may be divided (somewhat artificially, of course) in three main subgroups: - a significant number (5) deal with the whole process of predicting strong ground motion for design, starting from geological / tectonic considerations and ending at a quantitative estimate of some ground motion parameters (peak acceleration, response spectrum,. .. ), either on a regional or national scale for zoning purposes (9.17, 9.24), or at a specific site for the design of some specific structures (papers 9.10, 9.13), or finally from a methodological point of view ( 9.13, 9.24, 9.26). - the 7 papers …
Session 8: Co-Chairman's Report, John G. Anderson
Session 8: Co-Chairman's Report, John G. Anderson
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Site Amplification Effects In The Ubaye Valley (France): Measurements And Modeling, Denis Jongmans, Michel Campillo
Site Amplification Effects In The Ubaye Valley (France): Measurements And Modeling, Denis Jongmans, Michel Campillo
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
Local soil conditions can yield to significant variations in ground motion generated by earthquakes. During the last two decades, these amplification effects have been observed by numerous authors for well-documented earthquakes. On the other hand, theoretical models and numerical techniques have been proposed to physically understand site effects. However, few comparisons have been made between observations and theoretical results for well-known 2D structures (sediment-filled valleys). The aim of this paper is to present a study of the response of a valley in the French Alps. The structure (Ubaye valley) was chosen for its moderate dimensions (500 meters wide and 65 …
Soil Amplification Based On Array Observation In Chiba, Japan, Lin Lu, Tsuneo Katayama, Fumio Yamazaki
Soil Amplification Based On Array Observation In Chiba, Japan, Lin Lu, Tsuneo Katayama, Fumio Yamazaki
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The amplification characteristics of earthquake ground motion were investigated based on the Chiba Array observation records. The amplification of peak acceleration occurred mostly at the top soft layer and is similar for the three ground motion components. The ensemble Fourier spectrum ratio and coherence function were calculated and the amplification can be clearly seen in them. The drop of the coherence function at natural frequencies was discussed. The Fourier spectrum ratio and coherence function were also obtained using the smoothing procedure and were compared with those of the ensemble. Microtremor was measured at 11 points corresponding to the location of …
General Report Session 8: Soil Amplification During Earthquakes And Microzonation, J. Carl Stepp
General Report Session 8: Soil Amplification During Earthquakes And Microzonation, J. Carl Stepp
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.
Study Of Site Response At Memphis Due To A Large New Madrid Earthquake, Shahid Ahmad, Hemand Desai, Elsa Stara-Gazetas
Study Of Site Response At Memphis Due To A Large New Madrid Earthquake, Shahid Ahmad, Hemand Desai, Elsa Stara-Gazetas
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
The influence of geological and geotechnical factors on potential ground motions in Memphis due to a 65km distant hypothetical M=7 New Madrid earthquake has been investigated. From the study of the seismotectonic environment and the seismicity of the region, the characteristics of the "design earthquake" are selected. A seismological model of the radiation/attenuation of the earthquake source and of the generated waves is used to generate synthetic bedrock ("hard rock") accelerograms, which are then propagated through a deep deposit of "soft-rock" to obtain input base excitations for the near-surface soil profiles. A representative soil profile for Memphis is selected from …
A Novel Method For Synthesizing Acceleration Time History With Consideration Of Earthquake Environment, He Yang
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
A new method for generating earthquake time histories compatible with the rock response spectrum as the result of seismic hazard analysis will be presented in this paper. It is suggested that the base bank, which is composed of recorded ground motions with different response spectrum characteristics, should be used to select the initial solution. And then, modifying it iteratively to match the target spectrum. In this way, the earthquake environment could be considered.
Application Of Fuzzy Set Theory In Option Of Response Spectra, Zhou Xiyuan, Su Jingyu
Application Of Fuzzy Set Theory In Option Of Response Spectra, Zhou Xiyuan, Su Jingyu
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
In order to consider the fuzziness of seismic intensity indecated by zoning map and seismic code in seismic design of structure, an innovative method in option of design spectrum in consideration of fuzziness of regional seismic hazard and site condition is presented herein. The solution of the problem can be divided into two steps: 1. to define and establish a fuzzy set for predicting and judging regional seismic hazard and site condition by applying fuzzy mathematics; 2. further to find out fuzzy vector of design spectrum depending on the fuzzy set of regional seismic hazard and site condition by applying …
Session 9: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors
Session 9: Discussions And Replies, Multiple Authors
International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
No abstract provided.