Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Paediatric Physical Activity And Health: Moving Towards A Measure Of Quality, Cain C.T. Clark, Claire M. Barnes

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

It is clear that physical activity, holistically, is linked with several positive factors through the life course. There exists a large evidence base for physical activity quantity, yet there has been little integration of physical activity qualities, and whilst qualityis a nebulous term, recent developments in literature suggest it may be a viable measure in the characterisation of physical activity. The purpose of the study was to comprehensively review the development towards a measure of physical activity quality.‪A review of literature was conducted using online databases: Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. A narrative review was subsequently prepared on …

Time-Motion Characteristics Of Match-Play In Elite Polish Youth Soccer Players Of Various Playing Positions, Bartosz Dolanski, Pawel Rompa, Liu Hongyou, Karol Wasilewski, Andrzej Szwarc

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪The aim of this study is to examine and compare the distance covered with high-intensity running and to determine differences in maximum velocities achieved in a match by 15–19-year-old elite Polish soccer players depending on their age and playing positions. Material and methods:‪The current study monitored and analyzed 528 matches of youth soccer players of six tactical positions (12 goalkeepers, 24 fullbacks, 24 central backs, 24 wide midfielders, 36 central midfielders and 12 forwards) from four age categories (U-15, U-16, U-17 and U-19) from three top Polish soccer academies, using a MinimaxX device. Results:‪It was found that in every age …

Sports Events As An Effective Way Of Brand Marketing Communication Using The Example Of The Orlik Sports Facilities, Lukasz Strzelecki, Tomasz Czuba

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

The aim of this paper it to place marketing in the sports context and to explain what sports marketing is today and to show how to effectively implement brand marketing communications using sports facilities. Thus, the object of the authors’ research has been effective marketing communication, with special focus on brand marketing communication at the Orlik sports facilities. Towards this end, the available literature on the subject has been analysed. The authors have attempted to capture the specific character of marketing communication in sport with a view to define conditions for its maximum effectiveness. Apart from the analysis of literature …

Defining Changes Of Physical Efficiency In A Group Of Female Tennis Players Aged 9-10 In A One-Year Course Of Training, Tomasz Waldzinski, Ewa Waldzinska, Aleksandra Durzynska, Pawel Skonieczny

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪The aim of the study was to define a change of physical effectiveness in a one-year training course and its relation with special effectiveness. Material and methods:‪The research was conducted in a group of 30 female players at the age of 9 and 10 years who were training in clubs in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the age category. The level of motor abilities and special effectiveness was assessed twice during the one-year training course in March and November, 2013.Results:‪In all trials we observed a statistically significant difference of mean results between the …

Physical Activity And Spatial Use During School Breaks In Children Aged Four, Oscar Romero Ramos, Emilio Fernández Rodríguez, Antonio Matas Terrón, Gloria GonzáLe Campos, Robert Podstawski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪The latest studies warn of obesity levels and sedentary lifestyles in children, and of the impact this has on health. This study analyses the quantity of physical activity and the use of space during school breaks, according to gender, in four-year-old pupils. Material and methods:‪Pedometers and behavioural mapping were used as recording tools. Four behavioural categories were identified and 10 spatial categories. The procedure involves the development of primary measures (frequencies of appearance of each category and duration), as well as secondary measures (relative frequency, rate, relative duration and average duration). In addition to these descriptive measures, a correlation analysis …

Changes In Body Composition Of Children Aged Of 9 To 12 Years With Excess Body Weight Under The Influenceof Eight-Week Workout, Tomasz Dudziak, Zbigniew Czubek, Mirosław Grabowski, Robert Urbanski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪The increasing problem of overweight and obesity in children is the reason for taking further actions leading to mass reduction, because, in contrast to adults, the consequences of this pathology in young people are still not well known. The intervention actions that can lead to reduction in mass are not easy to find in literature, and their long-term effects are unknown. The aim of this research was to define the changes in body composition of children with excess body mass after eight-week high intensity workout.Material and methods:‪The study was conducted on 47 children aged 9‒12 years who were overweight or …

An Effect Of 12-Week Nordic Walking Training On The Body Structure And Composition In Young Women, Malgorzata Charmas, Krzysztof Piech, Lidia Kosek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪The main aim was to analyse the structure and body composition in untrained women after 12-week Nordic walking training. Material and methods: ‪26 women were divided into two groups: an EG-experimental group (n = 13) and a CG-control group (n = 13). The EG took part in 12-week Nordic walking training. All participants were examined twice: at the beginning and after the experiment. Body mass, waist and hips circumference; analysis of body composition (BIA method): BMI, body cell mass (BCM), total body (TBW), extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW); fat (FM), free fat (FFM) and muscle (MM) mass were …

Neurofeedback Needs Support! Effects Of Neurofeedback-Eeg Training In Terms Of The Level Of Attention And Arousal Control In Sports Shooters, Miroslaw Mikicin, Marta Sczypanska, Katarzyna Skwarek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪Achievements in sports shooting are associated with the level of attention and agitation control, which improve to a significant extent the effectiveness of shooters in sports competition. The purpose of this study was to analyse changes in the level of attention and activation in sports shooters after neurofeedback-EEG training. Material and methods: ‪The study included students of the Military University of Technology (27 subjects). The Vienna Test System was used: a test for assessing attention (COG) and a test for assessing the functional activation (FLIM). The measurements were carried out before and after 20 neurofeedback-EEG training sessions oriented towards …

Level Of Psychomotor Abilities In Handball Goalkeepers, Pawel Krawczyk, Slawomir Bodasinski, Anna Bodasinska, Boguslaw Słupczynski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪The results of previous studies indicate on a higher level of psychomotor abilities among players with a high sports level. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of selected psychomotor handball goalkeepers with a high level of sports. Material and methods: ‪The research involved 12 goalkeepers appearing in PGNiG Superleague. Psychomotor performance tests were conducted using the Vienna Test System. The following tests were carried out: RT version S1 measuring the simple reaction time, RT version S3 measuring reaction time with a choice. The ZBA test version S3-linear form was used to measure time-space anticipation. Results: …

Il-6 And Il-1Β Responses To A Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Drink In Orienteering Athletes, Gokhan Ipekoglu, Suleyman Gonulates, Fatmanur Er, Metin Yaman, Selma Karacan, Banu Cayci, Filiz Colakoglu

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪This study was conducted to determine acute effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) found in sports drinks, ingested just before an orienteering competition, on the levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-1β cytokine.Material and methods:‪The study was conducted in a randomized, double-blind design, including 23 elite orienteering athletes who volunteered to participate. Following the collection of resting specimens of blood, the experimental group (n = 12) was administered a sports drink containing CHO-E, while the placebo group (n = 11) was administered 500 ml of plain water. The subjects were asked to finish the orienteering competition. Results:‪IL-1β level in the 24th hour after …

Changes In The Symmetry Of The Stabilization Function Of Lower Limbs In Geriatric Women Versus Younger Females, Przemyslaw Bujas, Ewa Puszczałowska Liziz, Dariusz Tchorzewski, Jaroslaw Omorczyk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background:‪The overall purpose of this study is to define differences in the symmetry of stabilizing function of lower limbs in geriatric women compared to younger females. Material and methods:‪The study evaluated 30 female seniors (aged 82.9 ±6.1), 39 female university students (aged 23.3 ±0.4) and 33 girls (aged 7.4 ±0.3). Stability was evaluated using a stabilographic platform CQ Stab (Electronic System), with the subject standing with eyes open. Anova Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon test were used for the analysis. Results:‪The average percentage differences in limb loading (LLA) show a slight, not exceeding 2.5% asymmetry in the distribution of body weight. …

Retrospective Attitudes Towards The Assessment System In Physical Education In The Former Soviet Republic Of Lithuania: Differences With Regard To Gender, Education, Age, And Physical Activity, Romualdas Malinauskas, Arunas Emeljanovas, Vilija Malinauskiene

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪The study aimed to determine differences between retrospective attitudes of adults towards the assessment system in PE in the former Soviet Republic of Lithuania (SRL) according to gender, education, age, and physical activity. Material and methods: ‪Randomised and cross-over study design. The research sample comprised 1,115 participants (510 male and 605 female, 524 35–45 years old 591 46–55 years old; 603 with secondary education and 512 with university education) representing the population of the Republic of Lithuania. Results: ‪35–45-year-old participants displayed more positive attitudes towards the suitability of assessment in PE in the former SRL and attitudes towards the …

Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, Psychosocial Status And Quality Of Life Of Adolescent Siblings Of Neurologically Disabled Children, Elcin Mamak Celik, Arzu Daskapan, Zehra Güçhan Topcu

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪This study aims to compare physical fitness, physical activity, the psychosocial state and the quality of life of adolescents who have disabled siblings with the adolescents who have healthy siblings. Material and methods: ‪100 adolescents were involved. The Body Mass Index, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance were measured to determine physical fitness. The FELS Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Depression Scale(CES-DC) and the 87-item Child Health Questionnaire(CHQ) were used to determine the level of their physical activity, depression status and the level of quality of life. Results: O‪nly Vertical Jumping level among physical fitness parameters was found to be different …

Organizational Change And Applicability Of Six Sigma Management Modelin The Turkish National Soccer Team, Halil Orbay Cobanoglu, Mustafa Serdar Terekli, Necmi Gursaka, Necip Serdar Sever

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: ‪In recent years, the Six Sigma Methodology has been primarily applied to the enhancement of performance. The purpose of this study was to implement Six Sigma Management Models in the Turkish National Soccer Team. Material and methods: ‪24 matches of the Turkish National Soccer Team constituted the sample of research. The DMAIC method was used in this study. For statistical analysis of research data, IBM SPSS 18.0 for Windows and Minitab 17 statistical software program were used. As statistical techniques, brainstorm, fishbone, chi-square correlation analysis, Spearman correlation test, process capability analysis and control charts were used, which were the …

Changes In Emg Activity Of The Prime Movers During 10 Sets Of The Flat Bench Press Performed To Concentric Failure, Katarzyna Stronska, Marta Trebert, Artur Golas, Adam Maszczyk, Aleksandra Pięta, Florentyna Tyrala, Patricia Fischerova, Adam Zajac

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The bench press (BP) is a complex exercise of the upper body in which great external loads requiring high neuromuscular activity can be lifted. Electromyography (EMG) is a study of the muscle function through the inquiry of the electrical signal the muscles emanate. The aim of the present study was to analyse changes in EMG activity of the prime movers during 10 sets of the flat bench press. Material and methods: Ten male athletes representing different sport disciplines, experienced in resistance training took part in the study. Results: In the first set, all of the tested muscles increased their …

Determine Speed Performance Of Young Football Players Via Correlation Analyze, Shokhrukh Erkinov, Ildar Kushbakhtiev, Orif Erdonov, Vokhidjon Makhmudov

Karakalpak Scientific Journal

Problem Statement: Study the optimal relationship between the general and special speed performance of 14-17-year-old football players, taking into account their age characteristics and determining correlation relationship of the general and special speed performance.

Approach: As the object of the research, was chosen to study the development of general and special speed performance of 48 of football players of the SSOR (State school of the Olympic reserve, Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan) aged 14 to 17 years, 12 football players in each group (total n=48).

Purpose: The research studies of the correlation relationship of general and special physical performance by …

Opinions Of The Students Of The University Of The Third Age On Selected Health Behaviors And Social Support – A Comparative Analysis, Ewa Kupcewicz, Malgorzata Kusmierczyk, Barbara Wilk, Monika Opanowska, Marcin Pasek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: In the reflection on old age, the issue of activating the elderly and incorporating them into social life in order to counteract social exclusion and all forms of discrimination is clearly marked. The study aimed at getting to know the opinions of the students of the University of the Third Age on preferred health behaviors and social support. Material and methods. The study group involved 130 students of the University of the Third Age. The vast majority were women (90%, n=117), and the mean age was 65.4±5.9 years. The study used a questionnaire containing questions about sociodemographic data, selected …

Polish Adaptation And Validation Of The Anti-Fat Attitudes Scale – Afas, Malgorzata Obara-Golebiewska, Justyna Michalek-Kwiecień

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Bias, stigma, and discrimination in relation to weight are frequently experienced by many obese people. The goal of the present study was to develop a Polish adaptation of the Anti-Fat Attitudes Scale (AFAS) proposed by Morrison and O’Connor. Materials/methods: The study was conducted on undergraduate students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The original Canadian Scale Anti-Fat Attitudes Scale was translated into Polish, and its factor structure, reliability and construct validity were determined. Results: The exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) supported the development of the Polish version of the Anti-Fat Attitudes Scale with a one-dimensional structure …

Assessment Of The Influence Of Socio-Demographic And Personality Factors On Health Behaviours In Healthy Postmenopausal Women, Daria Schneider-Matyka, Elzbieta Grochans, Agnieszka Samochowiec, Malgorzata Szkup, Katarzyna Augustyniuk, Anna Jurczak, Malgorzata Sterczak

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Lifestyle and health behaviours are determined by the level of knowledge, beliefs, existing dysfunctions, and interpersonal relationships, as well as personality factors. The aim of this study was to assess health behaviours undertaken by postmenopausal women, and to analyze how they are influenced by personality factors. Material/Method: The study included 196 postmenopausal women at the mean age of 56.80 +/- 4.08. The Health Behaviour Inventory and a personality questionnaire (NEO-FFI) were used. Results: In the study, women living in cities of over 100.000 residents scored higher than those living in smaller towns (p<0.05). The level of neuroticism negatively correlated with overall health behaviours, health practices, and a positive mental attitude (p<0.05). The level of conscientiousness negatively correlated with health behaviours, a positive mental attitude, and preventive behaviours (p<0.05). Positive correlations were observed between the level of extraversion and overall health behaviours, preventive behaviours, normal eating habits, health practices, and a positive mental attitude (p<0.05). Conclusions: 1. Raising the awareness through educational programmes implemented as part of care provided by primary care centres (especially in smaller towns and rural areas) could improve the level of healthful behaviours undertaken by postmenopausal women. 2. Health behaviours are also greatly dependent on personality traits, which are biologically determined and relatively stable.

Gender Differences In Motives For Participation In Sports And Exercise Among Norwegian Adolescents, Arne Martin Jakobsen, Elisabeth Evjen

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Drawing from the theories of self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 1985), this study examined how intrinsic and extrinsic motives affect Norwegian adolescents’ participation in organized sports and their stamina for exercising relative to gender. We also investigated which motives can predict exercising/training, and whether this is influenced by gender. Material/Method: 368 students (male, 51%; female 49%) aged between 16 and 18 years completed a standardized questionnaire “Motives for Physical Activity Measure – Revised (MPAM-R)”. The main effects were followed up using one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). To analyze the relationship between the dependent variable "sustained exercise" and the independent variables …

Resiliency In Mainstream School Teachers Versus Special School Teachers, Aleksandra Sadziak, Wojciech Wilinski, Marta Wieczorek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate significant differences in the resiliency level in investigated mainstream school teachers and special school teachers with particular regard to physical education teachers. Material/Methods: The study was conducted among 198 teachers from Lower Silesia and Silesia provinces, including 26 physical education teachers from special schools, 62 teachers of other subjects from special schools, 44 physical education teachers from mainstream schools and 65 teachers of other subjects from mainstream schools. A diagnostic survey was the research method, a survey was the technique, and the Resiliency Questionnaire in a Polish adaptation of …

Prevalence Of Physical Inactivity And Associated Factors Among Adults In Harar Town, Eastern Ethiopia, Chalchisa Abdeta, Zelalem Teklemariam, Berhanu Seyoum

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The burden of physical inactivity was hidden in many low- and middle- income countries. This study determined the prevalence of physical inactivity and associated factors among adults in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 601 adults in April 2016. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) ver. 2 was used to collect the data through face-to-face interview. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.02. Then, exported and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. A binary logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with physical inactivity. Results: The …

The Impact Of The Visual Concurrent Swimming Speed Control On Improving The Economization Of Swimming, Stefan Szczepan, Krystyna Zaton, Jacek Borkowski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the control of swimming velocity in real-time with the use of concurrent visual information on the economization of swimming. Methods: The study involved swimmers. During the research, two stress tests were performed, in which subjects swam 200m freestyle. In both trials, the participants’ task was to swim the test distance as closely as possible to an individually pre-established set time. In the first test, subjects received no information on their swimming speed. In the second trial, subjects followed a beam of light at the bottom of the pool, …

Selected Dietary Restrictions And The Frequency Of Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescents, Mariusz Jaworski, Anna Fabisiak

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Increasing alcohol consumption by adolescents is a major public health problem. One reason for this is that young people want to solve their difficulties by using alcohol. Therefore, an important aim of the current study is to analyze selected nutrition-related health behaviors which are taken before the planned consumption of alcoholic beverages among young people. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 77 adolescents from secondary school. The research tool consisted of two parts. The first one analyzed the frequency of selected alcohol consumption, the second - nutrition-related behaviors in adolescents before the planned consumption of alcoholic beverages. …

The Effect Of Regular Aerobic Exercises On Premenstrual Syndrome In Sedentary Women, Guner Cicek

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) occur very commonly and cause a negative impact on the overall quality of women’s lives. The aim of this study was to assess the PMS symptoms between women who exercise and non-exercising sedentary women. Material/Methods: A total of 220 participants were studied. N=100 exercising group and N=120 non-exercising were selected as participants. The exercising group was selected from women who regularly do aerobic exercise (walk-running) for 3-5 days a week, within a 60 minute time period for each exercise session for 4 months. Results: The mean number of menstruations in a year and the frequency of …

Assessment Of Body Water Spaces & Mineral Content In Trained Athletes Of Different Sports Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, Abhishek Bandyopadhyay, Subhra Chatterjee, Sujata Jana, Swapan K. Dey

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate & compare the body fluid level and the total mineral content in trained male and female players of four different sport disciplines. Materials and Methods: 46 archers (M=18 & F=28), 57 track & field athletes (M=26 & F=31), 81 footballers (M=24 & F=57) and 43 gymnasts (M=21 & F=22) were evaluated using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyser. Results: Track & field athletes were found to be bigger in size while gymnasts were smaller. Total body water (%) was found to be higher in all the male players than in their …

Dynamics Of Variation Of Sports Performance In Light Of Time Series Based On Artificial Neural Networks In Swimming, Wojciech Rejdych, Aleksandra Filip, Jakub Karpinski, Magdalena Krawczyk, Jakub Jarosz, Teresa Socha, Adam Maszczyk

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background. General availability of sports results, such as current world records, world rankings, and results of the Olympic Games, offers opportunities for the analysis variation in many different competitions and sports. Current trends in the progress in sports performance have been analysed based on e.g. freestyle swimming. The focus of this study is on the analysis of variability of sports results in swimming achieved by women and men in 11 Olympic Games in 1972-2012. Material and Methods. The analysis was based on the results of top eight finalists in all four events. Four 100m sprinting events (men's and women's) included …

The Effect Of N‪Icotine On Oral Health, Grzegorz Trybek, Magda Aniko-Wlodarczyk, Olga Preuss, Piotr Kuligowski, Ewa Gabrysz-Trybek, Aleksandra Suchanecka, Patryk Niewczas, Anna Grzywacz

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Nicotine absorbed by the skin and also by the digestive, respiratory and excretory systems is one of the most known toxins found in tobacco. ‪This work reviews available literature on the influence of nicotine on human health, and in particular on the oral cavity. Material/Methods: ‪A review of literature related to the topic of the paper. Results: Numerous studies indicate that nicotine adversely affects human health. ‪It exerts a negative effect at the cellular level by modifying metabolism, and disturbs the interactions between tissues, which strongly promotes the formation of cancer-like changes. Nicotine causes numerous pathologies in the respiratory, …

Fracture Of The Lateral Tibial Condyle With Depression Of The Articular Surface - A Case Report, Krzysztof Ficek, Paulina Cyganik, Magdalena Strozik, Anna Serniak, Joanna Rajca

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Background: Fractures of the proximal epiphysis of the tibia constitute one of the more frequently occurring types of sports injuries, and at the moment constitute about 1% of all reported bone fractures. They appear mainly as a result of traffic accidents, falls from heights, as well as being observed in groups of physically active people whose disciplines involve high-impact landings. From time to time, improperly executed movements or steps without falling result in injury. Case Report: We present a case study of a 21-year-old male football player with fracture of the lateral tibia condyle with indentation of articular surface. The …

The Entrepreneurship Of Host Cities Of The Olympic Games – Between Success And Social Destruction, Joanna Jedel, Jaroslaw Zietarski

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Many publications focus on the deficit nature of the Olympic Games organisation, when considered from the point of view of host cities – organisers of such events. However, does such an event actually affect the region and the host country in a positive way? The presented article aims at the assessment of the organisation of mass sports events, such as the Olympic Games, taking into consideration entrepreneurial activities which can be defined in terms of a productive, destructive or socially destructive category. In order to determine the relevant types of entrepreneurship, the authors refer to well-established definitions (in the case …