Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Anthropomorphism In Aesop's Fables, Nasih Alam

Criterion: A Journal of Literary Criticism

Generally, Aesop’s The Complete Fables is considered didactic for children. In my paper, I discuss how Aesop represents nonhumans in his fables and how they could negatively affect the psychology of children aged 7-12 if we as parents, teachers and legal guardians do not become conscious of its problematic didactic function. I show that most of the anthropomorphized animals in The Complete Fables have anthropocentric and provide environmentally harmful rhetorics. In order to keep the required length of paper in mind, I have limited myself to five tales from Aesop’s The Complete Fables, to show how and where the rhetoric …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

知源育利用のガイド, Yoshihiko Ariizumi

Learning, Teaching, & Researching Optimization

知源育を応用するための様々な角度からのヒントを学ぶことができるガイドです。実勢んをしながら、時々このガイドを参照することで、より高いレベルでの実践が可能になるでしょう。

Developing Social-Emotional Learning In Physical Education Through Appropriate Instructional Practices, David C. Barney, Keven A. Prusak, Liana Davis

Faculty Publications

Social-emotional learning (SEL) has become an important topic in education. SEL is also important in physical education (PE). The nature of PE has students learning in the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains, thus providing many opportunities for SEL. And who facilitates SEL? The PE teacher has the opportunity to provide games, activities, and experiences to assist and strengthen their students’ SEL by implementing appropriate instructional practices (AIP) in PE. This article will highlight a number of AIP that PE teachers can implement to develop their students’ SEL.

A Qualitative Exploration Of Successful High School Baseball Coaches Silence During Practice, Patrick Mcgaha, David C. Barney

Faculty Publications

For athletic coaches, there are many methods to coach their athletes. One method that may not be as common or even thought of as coaching, is silence. Silence is basically, when the coach does not speak, but is thinking of specific team, player, and competitor items. The purpose of this study was to interview consistently successful high school baseball coaches with an emphasis on their silence as a coaching behavior. Five successful high school baseball coaches in the southeastern region of the United States were interviewed. Generally, it was found that these baseball coaches were strategizing, thinking of baseball related …

A Qualitative Investigation Of Middle School Students' Perceptions Of Appropriate Instructional Practices In Physical Education, David C. Barney

Faculty Publications

For many middle school (MS) students they have been exposed to many inappropriate instructional practices in physical education (PE). This involvement and exposure to these inappropriate instructional practices become common occurrences, thus in their mind this is what is supposed to happen in their PE class. The purpose of this study was to better understand MS student’s perceptions and attitudes to appropriate instructional practices (AIP) in their PE classes. It was generally found from student interviews that dodge ball is appropriate to play in PE class, wearing prescribed clothing (school shirt) will earn and easy ‘A’ in PE class, and …

Physical Education Teacher Education (Pete) Majors' Perceptions And Opinions Of Appropriate Instructional Practices: A Qualitative Approach, David C. Barney, Liana Davis

Faculty Publications

Physical education (PE) teachers are responsible for helping students learn in their classes. Unfortunately, many students have been exposed to games and activities that were inappropriate, thus negatively affecting their learning in PE class. Inappropriate instructional practices have been a common occurrence for many students. One group that can help curb the inclusion of inappropriate instructional practices are Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) majors. This study investigated PETE majors’ beliefs of certain instructional practices that have been implemented in PE games and activities. Many of the instructional practices were inappropriate. The PETE majors’ felt that dodge ball, relay games, and …

The Art Of Learning, Richard Rolapp

Marriott Student Review

No abstract provided.

Favoritism In The Physical Education Classroom: Selected Reflective Experiences, David C. Barney, Francis Pleban Dr., Amelia Dodd

Faculty Publications

Having a teacher show interest or concern may greatly influence, and encourage student learning; as well as fostering life-long positive behaviors, attitudes, and self-esteem. However, it is noted teachers have a tendency to select ‘favorites’ among their students (Cooper & Good, 1983; Tal & Babad, 1990; Aydogen, 2008); with physical education not immune to this practice. Thus, the purpose of this study was to better understand individual’s (i.e., former students in k-12 physical education) perspectives regarding their reflective experiences of teacher favoritism in physical education during their time in school physical education. Participants were 318 college-aged students from a private …

Inappropriate Practices In Physical Education: The Top Eight Repeat Offenders, David C. Barney, Keven A. Prusak, Brad Strand, Robert Christenson

Faculty Publications

The National Association of Sport and Physical Education (NASPE) have created three documents (elementary, middle school and high school) to guide physical educators in appropriate instructional practices (AIP) in physical education. The purpose of these documents is to aid physical educators in exposing their students to lessons and activities that will enable them to be successful in physical education classes and physical activity. Unfortunately, many students have been exposed to such activities as dodge ball, having captains picking teams in front of the whole class, and many others. This paper is a review of research dealing with appropriate instructional practices …

High School Physical Education And Its Effects On Fitness Center Participation After Graduation: A Case Study, David C. Barney, Nathan Kahaialii

Faculty Publications

For those that send off their child into the world, it is hoped they will recall what was taught to them. This applies to high school (HS) physical education (PE) teachers and their students that graduate from HS. The purpose of this case study was to assess current HS PE teachers, fitness club personnel, those that frequent fitness clubs and current HS students regarding HS PE preparing HS students for real world application regarding fitness. Participants from these four groups were interviewed to help better understand the preparation of graduated HS students participating in health clubs. From this case study …

Group Size In Physical Education: A Teachers' Perspective, David C. Barney, Robert Christenson Dr.

Faculty Publications

The physical education context is fun, yet challenging. There is the potential to offer a multitude of activities and games for students. Thus, PE teachers should put the students in the best position to learn the content. One method PE teachers can use is putting students in small-sided groups during game and activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate K-12 physical education teachers’ perceptions of small-sided games/activities in their PE lessons. For this study 31 K-12 physical educators from five states participated in the study. The PE teachers were emailed a survey for them to fill out. The …

Relationship Between Physical Activity And Stress Among Junior High School Students In The Physical Education Environment, David C. Barney, Frank Pleban, Terrance Lewis

Faculty Publications

The study purpose was to explore grade level differences (7^th, 8^th, and 9^th) among junior high school students’ perception of participation in physical education class on individual environmental stress. Physical activity’s role as a stress reduction tool has been well documented. However, physical activity as a stressful event in the school and physical education environment has been less established; particularly in junior high school students. Study participants were comprised of 872 junior high school students, 585 males (67%) and 287 females (33%), enrolled in four junior high schools. Stratified by grade, 315 7^{th …}

Do Seniors (50+) Know What Practices Are Appropriate In Physical Education, David C. Barney, Keven A. Prusak, Carol Wilkinson

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to investigate senior (50+) adult’s knowledge of appropriate instructional practices (AIP) in physical education. This study is a continued line of studies assessing certain populations knowledge of AIP. Previous research has been conducted among Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) majors, parents, school administrators, elementary, middle school and high school students. For this study 372 senior adults were surveyed regarding their knowledge of AIP in PE. Surveys were distributed to the participants at the Huntsman Senior World Games. It was found that senior adults misidentified nine instructional practices from the survey. It was found that …

Student Voices For Why College Students Take Physical Activity Classes When It Is Not Required For Graduation, David C. Barney, Kelsey Higginson

Faculty Publications

The time in college is a time to prepare to go out into the world and be a contributing member of society. Typically, a college education should take four years to complete. Many colleges are eliminating the physical activity requirement for graduation, hoping that it will aid the student in graduating in a timely manner. Yet, students still take physical activity classes while working towards graduation. For this study, 420 college students (235 males & 185 females) participated in this study. Students in physical activity classes at a private university of the western United States completed a survey in regards …

Do School Administrators Know What Practices Are Appropriate In Physical Education?, David C. Barney, Keven A. Prusak

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to investigate school administrators' knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in physical education. For this study 130 k–12 school administrators from two states in the United States were surveyed regarding their knowledge of appropriate instructional practices in physical education. university Institutional Review Board granted approval to conduct this study. Surveys were sent electronically to the school administrators to take. At the completion of the survey the school administrators were able to click a submit button and have the surveys returned to the researchers. It was found that school administrators identified dodge ball, relay races and …

Physical Education Major's Knowledge Of Appropriate Instructional Practices In Middle School Physical Education, David C. Barney, Robert Christenson, Frank Pleban

Faculty Publications

For many years students have been exposed to inappropriate instructional practices in physical education, resulting in bad experiences and inadequate learning. Introducing pre service physical education (PE) majors to Appropriate Instructional Practices (AIP) is a recommended method of preparation. Unfortunately, many PE majors have been exposed to inappropriate instructional practice; thus they perceive those practices as appropriate to use in their teaching. To determine PE majors' understanding of AIP, 313 PE majors (161 males & 152 females) from 7 different institutions participated in this study. Based on incorrect responses it was found that PE majors believed that organizing students in …

Comparison Of Body Fat Percentage Results Derived Using Hydrostatic Weighing And The Bod Pod In 185 Women, Rich Jarvis, Dr. Larry Tucker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Obesity will probably replace cigarette smoking as the major killer of Americans in the next century.1 Research shows that excess body weight leads directly to many health problems, and it often contributes indirectly to other serious diseases by precipitating dangerous metabolic abnormalities.2 In short, obesity plays a central role in the development of numerous diseases, including Type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, various cancers, osteoarthritis, gallbladder disease, stroke, and all cause mortality.

A Study Of The Durabounce Insole’S Effect On Vertical Jump And Fatigue, Mark S. Taylor

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the Durabounce insole on vertical jump and energy return. In order to test Dura bounce for vertical jump and energy return, two different types of tests were conducted, a vertical jump and reach test and a submaximal treadmill test. The results of these tests were statistically analyzed and conclusions were drawn based upon these results.

Physical Fitness In The Home School, Dana R. Peters, Connie L. Blackmore

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study was designed to determine if those who are teaching their children at home are instructing them in the area of physical fitness. This was a survey-based project. The respondents were volunteers, mostly from the Home Educators Convention that was held at Brigham Young University in June of 1998.

The Effect Of Adipose Tissue On Intramuscular Temperature Change With Crushed Ice Pack Therapy, J.W. Myrer, Kimberly A. Myrer

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Cryotherapy, the cooling of an injured area, has been used in sports as well as physical therapy since ancient times. In order to be used effectively, a treatment time must be used that will produce optimal physiological effects at a specific tissue depth. As an insulator, adipose tissue has an inverse relationship on intramuscular temperature change. The exact nature of this relationship was the focus of my research.

Comparison Of Two Body Composition Measurement Methods: Bod Pod And Dexa, Kenric L. Russell, Dr. Larry Tucker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

People with excess weight, and especially excess body fat, have an increased risk for many health problems. These problems include heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, increased morbidity and mortality from diabetes, and cancer. The National Center for Health Statistics recently reported that 33% of Americans are overweight.

Active Vs. Passive Hamstring Flexibility Tests, Jared W. Papa, Dr. Bent Feland

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Muscle flexibility is “the ability of a muscle to lengthen, allowing one joint (or more than one joint in a series) to move through a range of motion.”1. Various studies have been performed to determine the most reliable and valid means of measuring flexibility, which is important because of its ability to forewarn of the likelihood of injury.2,3 With an indication of the tightness of the muscle a therapist, trainer, or athlete can make necessary adjustments to avoid injury.

Isokinetic, Isotonic, And Isometric Strength Evaluation Measurements And Their Ability To Predict Strength Gains, Jeremy M. Huff, Dr. Kenneth L. Knight

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The use of strength measurements to predict strength gains is commonplace in the rehabilitation community. Athletic trainers, physical therapists and exercise scientists constantly use systems like the Biodex Dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, N.Y.), to assess the progress of patients undergoing rehabilitation for injuries. Measurements taken on these devices often determine the status of patients permitting or barring them from full activity. Although use of these measurement devices to predict strength gains and functional ability is common, 2,3 some 3,4,5,7question the validity of the measurements. The value of isokinetic training methods has been questioned; 6 however, there has been no …

Neuromuscular Characteristics Before And After Taper In Male Collegiate Swimmers, Michael J. Buys, Dr. Allen Parcel

Journal of Undergraduate Research

An important part of maximizing performance in competitive swimming is a progressive reduction of training before championship competitions called “tapering” (Johns et al. 1992). Because the high volume and intensity of training used during in-season swim workouts may adversely affect muscle strength and performance (Hakkinen et al. 1989; Stone et al. 1984), a short-term reduction in training is used to enhance performance. Tapering involves a significant reduction of duration, intensity and frequency of training over a period of 1-4 weeks. Experimental evidence supports the effects of taper on physiological improvements such as swim power (Costill et al. 1985; Johns et …

The Test-Retest Reliability Of Measuring Body Composition Using Dexa (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry), Celia Bowles, Dr. Larry Tucker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The problem of obesity has become a pressing issue for the general population. Currently, about one-in-two adults is overweight or obese.1 Obesity is a predecessor of various health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, hypercholesterol-emia, and some cancers.2 Annually, almost 300,000 deaths in the U.S. can be attributed to obesity.3

Why Teach Pe? Factors That Affect Students' Decisions To Teach Physical Education Revisited, Patrick Mcgaha, David C. Barney

Faculty Publications

Many times a child will be asked, "What do you want to be when you grow up?" The answers are varied, yet their responses usually reflect what their parents' employment may be. For this study, factors were investigated that have an effect on college students' decisions to become physical educators. For this study it was found that former physical education and coaches were the most influential people affecting college students' decision to become physical education teachers, not parents. It was also found that many of these college students were actively involved in high school athletics, thus also affecting their decision …

A 5-Year Review Of Aahperd Poster Presentations In The Area Of Sport Education, David C. Barney, Brad Strand

Faculty Publications

One desired outcome of k-12 physical education is that all students will have positive experiences during their classes. If students have positive experiences in physical education, they will physically likely be physically active throughout their lives (Barney & Strand, 2008). Unfortunately, for some students the physical education experience has been boring, unnecessary, a waste of time, or just not cool (Rice, 1988). One tool physical educators can manipulate to ensure that student's have positive experiences in physical education, is the curriculum. Barney and Deutsch (2009) found that the curriculum used in a middle school program played a major role in …

A Comparison Of Middle School Students Steps Per Minute (Spm) In Five Physical Education Curriculum Units Utilizing Pedometers: An Overall Contribution To Attaining The Recommended Step Counts Per Day In Children, David C. Barney, Francis T. Pleban, Jenny Pleban, Justin Dekupier

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare pedometer steps per minute from five different curriculum units (basketball, volleyball, indoor soccer, pickle ball, and fitness activities) in middle school physical education classes as they relate to contributing to the recommended 12,000 to 16,000 steps per day for healthy children. Two hundred and thirty-two male and female middle school students participated in this study, 115 males and 117 females, respectively. Steps per minute were measured with pedometers in five curriculum units in middle school physical education classes; over 36 minutes of activity time. Overall, physical education classroom activities such as basketball, …

General Attitudes Of Middle School Students Towards Physical Education, David C. Barney, Robert Christenson

Faculty Publications

Attitudes are formed by beliefs and experiences a person has had in their life (Silverman & Subramanian, 1999). This principle applies to middle school students' attitudes in physical education. The purpose of this study was to determine middle school students' attitudes towards physical education. For this study 227 middle school students in the Midwest of the United States were surveyed, then 28 students were interviewed regarding the attitudes towards physical education. It was found that middle school students tend to have positive attitudes towards physical education more specifically, the student felt that physical education is important their education and that …