Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Artificial Intelligence In Pharmacy Education: Balancing Technological Advances And Ethical Concerns Among Aspiring Pharmacists, Ubada Aqeel, Shibu John

Health Professions Education

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, including pharmacy practice, by enhancing access to information, reducing errors, and supporting decision-making. However, its integration into pharmacy education remains underexplored. This study investigated pharmacy students' perceptions of AI's impact on their profession and the need for curriculum reform. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 245 Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) students from Jamia Hamdard, India. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering knowledge, perceptions, and opinions on AI in pharmacy. Responses were analyzed using non-parametric tests, including the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests, to examine group differences. Exploratory …

It's Intense: A Mixed Methods Study Of Student Stress In Pta Education, Gina Tarud, Beverly A. Labosky, Laura Cruz, Nicole Paranich, Brian Thomas

Health Professions Education

Purpose. This study was implemented to measure the self-reported factors contributing to student stress and anxiety levels and the strategies employed to navigate these stressors.

Methods. This study utilized a mixed method design for collecting and analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data to identify the trends and details of the complex learning environment of the Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) students. Current enrolled students within a Physical Therapist Assistant program were invited to participate in this study. A survey was created to gather the data using Qualtrics and a link was distributed via their university email.

Results. This study explored the …

Impact Of Intra-Lecture Physical Exercise On The Learning Outcomes Of Medical Students, Hamad Alfahaad, Bakhaitan Alumair, Mohi Eldin Magzoub

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Literature suggests that physical exercise can improve learning. To evaluate the impact of physical exercise during lectures on the learning outcomes of 1^st-year male students at the College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Method: 60 students from the College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were included in this study. These students were divided into two groups: A control group (n=30) and an intervention group (n=30). The students first completed pretests before joining a lecture. Then, during the lecture, the intervention group was asked to perform physical exercises …

Health Sciences Faculty Satisfaction In Online Learning: A Relationship To Intent To Leave, Mark Dame, Fethi A. Inan

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Recruitment and retention of qualified health professionals in academia has continued to be a challenge as the field of healthcare continues to grow at a rapid pace. The purpose of this study was to examine the satisfaction of online health sciences instructors and if those satisfaction factors influenced their intent to leave.

Method: A non-experimental survey design was utilized to gather the perceptions of online faculty satisfaction and related factors. A set of satisfaction and intent to leave surveys were answered by 83 online instructors in a higher education health sciences institution.

Results: The results of …

A Process For Matching Science Of Health Care Delivery Students To Quality Improvement Capstone Projects And Implications For Experiential Learning, Denise M. Kennedy, Katrina R. Dickson

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Quality and patient safety deficiencies have increased demand for quality improvement (QI) specialists in health care. Capstone projects and other practicum experiences provide opportunities for hands-on application of classroom learning, expose students to interprofessional work in a team-based environment, and help bridge quality gaps. A systematic process for matching health care delivery students to QI projects was developed and implemented to replace a first-come, first-served student sign-up process. The goal was to improve the quality of the match and the overall capstone experience.

Methods: Twenty-six graduate students enrolled in a capstone research course and assigned to health care QI …

Teaching Clinical Reasoning: An Experiment Comparing The Effects Of Small-Group Hypothetico-Deduction Versus Self-Explanation, Ahmed Al Rumayyan, Silvia Mamede, Walther N.K.A. Van Mook, Henk G. Schmidt

Health Professions Education

Introduction. Research on the effectiveness of approaches for the teaching of clinical reasoning is scarce. A recent study showed hypothetico-deduction to be slightly more beneficial than self-explanation for students’ diagnostic performance. An account for this difference was unclear. This study investigated whether hypothetico-deduction leads to consideration of more alternative diagnoses while practicing with cases, and whether its advantage over self-explanation remains when diseases slightly different from the ones previously studied are tested.

Methods. One-hundred thirty-nine 2^nd-year students from a six-year medical school participated in a two-phase experiment. In the learning phase, they worked in small groups on …

The Fuzzy World Of Objectivity, Subjectivity, And Trustworthiness In Health Professional Education, Hossam Hamdy

Health Professions Education

No abstract provided.

Editorial Board

Health Professions Education

No abstract provided.

Decision Makers' Perspectives On The Language Of Instruction In Medicine In Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study, Musab Alshareef, Osama Mobaireek, Mohamud Mohamud, Ziyad Alrajhi, Ali Alhamdan, Bashir Hamad

Health Professions Education

Background: The main language of instruction for teaching medicine in most of the Arabic-speaking countries is English then French to a lesser extent. To our knowledge, Syria is the only Arab country that uses Arabic as the language of instruction in its medical colleges.

Objective: This study explored the perspectives of decision-makers on the choice of English language for medical instruction in Saudi Arabia, in addition to, the academic, economic and social impact of this choice.
This paper also explores their awareness of the languages used currently and in the past for teaching medicine and what obstacles are expected if …

A Recognition Study Testing The Psychological Validity And Development Of Illness Scripts, Eugène J.F.M. Custers

Health Professions Education

Purpose: This study investigates whether the recognition memory phenomena previously found for script-based stories also apply to illness scripts, the hypothesized mental structures expert physicians apply in medical diagnosis. In addition, the development of these scripts is investigated.

Method: Second and sixth year students and experienced family physicians participated; the influence of typicality of information (prototypical versus atypical statements), textual presence (verbatim or implicit), and delay (15 min or 1 week) on recognition memory discrimination was investigated in a 3×2×2 ANOVA design and on recognition reaction times (RTs) in a 3×2×2×2 ANOVA design. Results: The expected developmental differences could not …

Evaluating Changes In Clinical Decision-Making In Physical Therapy Students After Participating In Simulation, Kelly Macauley

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Physical therapy students are not consistently prepared to practice in the dynamic healthcare environment immediately after graduation. Implementing other teaching modalities may help to better prepare physical therapy graduates. Medical and nursing student education have effectively used simulation to help prepare students for clinical practice. The purpose of the quasiexperimental design study was to assess the effect of simulation on clinical decision-making (CDM) in Doctor of Physical students in a physical therapy program.

Methods: One-hundred and twenty-two students in two class years participated in the study, with 71 partaking in a simulation activity and 51 students serving as the …

A Pragmatic Approach To Statistical Testing And Estimation (Paste), Jimmie Leppink

Health Professions Education

The p-value has dominated research in education and related fields and a statistically non-significant p-value is quite commonly interpreted as ‘confirming’ the null hypothesis (H0) of ‘equivalence’. This is unfortunate, because p-values are not fit for that purpose. This paper discusses three alternatives to the traditional p-value that unfortunately have remained underused but can provide evidence in favor of ‘equivalence’ relative to ‘non-equivalence’: two one-sided tests (TOST) equivalence testing, Bayesian hypothesis testing, and information criteria. TOST equivalence testing and p-values both rely on concepts of statistical significance testing and can both be done with confidence intervals, but treat H0 and …

Standard Setting In Medical Education: Which Cut-Off Cuts It?, Jerome I. Rotgans, Nigel C.K. Tan

Health Professions Education

Standard setting of exams is an important element of medical education. This is understandably so: it is difficult to qualify for medical school in the first place and once there, most assessments are high-stakes and failure rates need to be justified. As a consequence, numerous procedures have been established to determine cut-off values for exams. A cut-off value is the score of an assessment that determines who passes the exam and who does not. The cut-off in turn determines the failure rate, which is the percentage of students below the cut-off value who fail the exam.

Medical Education In Egypt: Historical Background, Current Status, And Challenges, Adel Abdelaziz, Salah Eldin Kassab, Asmaa Abdelnasser, Somaya Hosny

Health Professions Education

Background: From its beginnings in 1827, an important goal of medical education in Egypt has been to qualify physicians who can provide high-quality health care services for their local community and other communities in the Middle East region. Objective and method: To describe the historical background, current status, and future challenges of medical education in Egypt, the authors conducted an extensive internet search, and made electronic communications as well as site visits to gather relevant data. In the final phase, the authors organized and interpreted their data with emphasis on the historical background, features of the curricula, practices of quality, …

Learner Engagement In Postgraduate Anaesthesia Speciality Training, Ciana Mccarthy, Maureen Kelly

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Research has shown continuing medical education improves doctor performance, new educational approaches improving educational outcomes and individual reflection can help identify learner needs positively improving clinical performance. This study addresses:
1. How do doctors on postgraduate anaesthesia specialist training programme engage across Postgraduate Medical Education teaching sessions?
2. What are the enablers and barriers to learner engagement?
3. Using the benefits of a balanced and informative mixed method approach to identify how Learner Engagement can be affected by clicker technology in this specific group.

Methods: A triangulation convergent mixed method approach using 1. Semi structured interviews were conducted with …

Emergency Medical Services Core Competencies: A Scoping Review, Talal Alshammari, Paul A. Jennings, Brett Williams

Health Professions Education

Introduction: the emergency medical services (EMS) are an important part of the health care system as they are the first point of contact for medical emergencies. Moreover, the EMS educational system has seen a rapid transition from a post-employment training model into a pre-employment educational model. Despite this, there is a lack of clarity on what core competencies EMS students are expected to hold.

Purpose: the objective of this scoping review was to identify the EMS student core competencies in the literature. Method: the scoping review considered journal articles and grey literature (peer-reviewed and non-peer reviewed) and the following databases …

The Effect Of Performance Standards And Medical Experience On Diagnostic Calibration Accuracy, Marloes L. Nederhand, Huib K. Tabbers, Ted A.W. Splinter, Remy M.J.P. Rikers

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Medical doctors do not always calibrate accurately in terms of their diagnostic performance, which means that their evaluation of their diagnosis differs from their actual performance. Inaccurate calibration can lead to maltreatment and increased health care costs. This study was conducted to investigate whether calibration accuracy can be improved among both board certified medical specialists and medical students by providing them with a simple form of feedback (i.e., performance standards). We expected that performance standards would enhance calibration accuracy. Furthermore, we expected that medical specialists would overall be better calibrated than medical students

Methods: Medical specialists (n¼42) and medical …

Effect Of Interprofessional Education On Role Clarification And Patient Care Planning By Health Professions Students, Lama Soubra, Sherine B.Y. Badr, Eman Mohamed Zahran, Mona Aboul-Seoud

Health Professions Education

Purpose: To describe the first interprofessional education course implemented at Beirut Arab University and to assess its impact on raising students’ awareness on the roles of other professions, improving patient care planning as well as promoting students’ readiness for interprofessional collaborative practice. Methods: An Interprofessional education course was offered for senior students of all Medical Faculties (with the exception of Medicine students) during the spring semester of their graduation year. It evolved into four phases: foundational workshops, role clarification, patient care planning and a project. Students worked individually, first, then in intraprofessional teams and finally in interprofessional teams to complete …

The Perceptions And Attitudes Of Undergraduate Healthcare Sciences Students Of Feedback: A Qualitative Study, Lama S. Alfehaid, Amenah Qotineh, Nada Alsuhebany, Shmylan Alharbi, Hind Almodaimegh

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Regardless of the importance of feedback, many students are dissatisfied with the feedback they receive. This study was conducted to evaluate undergraduate healthcare sciences students' perceptions and attitudes toward, and their lived experiences of feedback

Methods: To evaluate undergraduate healthcare sciences students' perceptions and attitudes toward feedback using a descriptive approach. A Phenomenological qualitative study. Healthcare sciences students were invited to participate in semi-structured focus groups interviews; open-ended questions were developed per the study objectives and the knowledge deficit to guide the discussion.

Results: Five major themes were apparent during the discussion regarding the perceptions and attitudes of healthcare …

Using Competency-Based Curriculum Design To Create A Health Professions Education Certificate Program The Meets The Needs Of Students, Administrators, Faculty, And Patients, Laura Parson, Brandon Childs, Picandra Elzie

Health Professions Education

Introduction: Health Professions Education (HPE) programs emerged to train faculty in teaching and learning within the higher education context. HPE programs are motivated by the belief that faculty trained in teaching and learning will ultimately improve patient care through improved preparation of future practitioners and improved test scores that impact the careers of health professionals and the prestige of the institutions.

Methods: We followed a modified Delphi method for data collection and analyzed data from two in-person focus groups with faculty who work within the health professions at SRU, a collaborative document where health professions faculty filled out information about …

Prevalence And Predictors Of Anxiety In Healthcare Professions Students, Kelly Macauley, Laura Plummer, Charlotte Bemis, Genevieve Brock, Christine Larson, Johanna Spangler

Health Professions Education

Purpose: The prevalence and severity of anxiety among students is increasing. Elevated levels of anxiety may decrease students’ academic performance, professionalism, and their ability to manage elements of patient care. Anxiety and the impact of anxiety have been well studied in medical and nursing students, but it has not been investigated as much in other healthcare professions programs. The purpose of the study is to describe the prevalence and determine predictors of anxiety in healthcare professions students

Methods: Three-hundred and fifty-one, first and second year Doctor of Physical Therapy, Master of Science in Communication Science Disorders, and Master of Physician …

Time To Develop Entrustable Professional Activities For The Saudi-Med Competency Framework, Mona Hmoud Alsheikh, Rania G. Zaini

Health Professions Education

The fundamental pillar of a safe and efficient healthcare system is the competence of the healthcare providers. Judging whether a provider is competent is usually decided about by medical licensing boards. The dire need of competent practitioners has led to pushing the boundaries of mere licensing, and has led to the development of an approach that ensures the proficiency of a medical graduate, culminating into the conception of competency-based medical education (CBME). CBME is an approach to preparing physicians for practice who possess the desired knowledge, skills, and attitude outlined by the careful consideration of societal and patient needs. CBME …

Interventions To Promote Mental Health Literacy In University Students And Their Clinical Educators. A Systematic Review Of Randomised Control Trials, Kristin Lo, Tanvi Gupta, Jennifer L. Keating

Health Professions Education

Purpose: The effects of interventions for improving mental health literacy of health professional students and their clinical educators have not been established. This review analysed interventions to: support mental health literacy, deal with stigma, encourage help-seeking behaviour and improve attitudes towards providing help to those experiencing mental health issues. Method: The full holdings of Medline, PsycINFO, EBM Reviews, Cinahl Plus, ERIC and EMBASE were searched until 16th November 2016. Inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials of interventions to support mental health delivered to groups or using face to face and / or online delivery methods compared to alternative education, usual …

Ownership And Attitudes Towards Technology Use In Physiotherapy Students From Seven Countries, Dirk Vissers, Michael Rowe, Md. Shofiqul Islam, Jan Taeymans

Health Professions Education

Purpose: To assess differences in prerequisites to blended learning such as technology use and Internet access in an international sample of physiotherapy students from Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Luxembourg, Sudan, Switzerland and South Africa.

Results: Students' digital technology experiences were generally low. They primarily used a smartphone and a laptop to connect to the Internet. However, there was a significant difference between institutions in owning a laptop and access to Internet. Most students preferred learning in environments that included some online components but had never used Twitter or written a blog post and wanted less social media in their learning environments. …

They Treated Us Like Employees Not Trainees: Patient Educator Interns’ Experiences Of Epistemological Shock, Fatmah Almoayad, Alison Ledger

Health Professions Education

Aim: To explore Patient Educator Interns’ (PEIs’) experiences of learning when entering the working environment. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 PEIs. Following a narrative type of analysis, case summaries were prepared, compared and interpreted.

Results: At the beginning of their internship, PEIs held specific desires and expectations concerning the type of training and work they would experience. These included the expectation of explicit educational activities and specific types of work activities. PEIs’ expectations were frequently not met in reality.

Discussion: The findings of the study suggest that new graduates face epistemological shock, which is the challenge of understanding …

Analysis Of Covariance (Ancova) Vs. Moderated Regression (Modreg): Why The Interaction Matters, Jimmie Leppink

Health Professions Education

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is a commonly used statistical method in experimental and quasi-experimental studies. One of the fundamental assumptions underlying ANCOVA is that of no interaction between factor and covariate. Unfortunately, many researchers report the outcomes of ANCOVA but not the outcomes of a check on that non-interaction assumption. Through a comparison of ANCOVA (which assumes non-interaction) and moderated regression (MODREG, which allows for interaction) in a worked example, this article demonstrates that omitting the check of the non-interaction assumption comes at the risk of misestimating a treatment effect or other group difference of interest. If there is substantial …

Education In Clinical Reasoning: An Experimental Study On Strategies To Foster Novice Medical Students’ Engagement In Learning Activities, Alexander Linsen, Gijs Elshout, David Pols, Laura Zwaan, Sílvia Mamede

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Clinical reasoning forms the interface between medical knowledge and medical practice. However, it is not clear how to organize education to foster the development of clinical reasoning. This study compared two strategies to teach clinical reasoning. Method: As part of a regular clinical reasoning course 333 students participated in a two-phase experiment. In the learning phase, participants were randomly assigned to either the conventional strategy (CS) or the new strategy (NS). Participants in the CS solved a clinical case using a written description of a patient encounter and individual study. Participants assigned to the NS solved the same case …

Blended Learning In Anatomy Teaching For Non-Medical Students: An Innovative Approach To The Health Professions Education, Olivia Miu Yung Ngan, Taylor Lik Hang Tang, Aden Ka Yin Chan, Daisy Minghui Chen, Mei Kuen Tang

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Anatomy is a basic science for health professions curricula. Recent research suggests that the innovative blended learning approach (classroom learning plus use of online learning) outperforms conventional didactic teaching by facilitating effective learning. This study explores the feasibility of adopting blended learning in anatomy teaching and evaluates the learning experiences of students. Method: Courseware called electronic Professional Study (ePS) was developed and used for teaching anatomy of the cardiovascular system for non-medical students. ePS composed of three condensed, recorded course lectures, revision guides, and gamified quizzes. These were placed on the Web platform for students to watch before didactic …

The Art Of Acknowledging That We Know Nearly Nothing, Jimmie Leppink

Health Professions Education

It is early March of 2018 – Winter is supposed to be coming to an end and so is a book I have been writing together with two fellow scholars in the field of education. Writing a book, your mind goes back to conference discourse, visiting scholar trips to institutes in other countries, conversations over a good beer, literature you read, things you learned from your teachers, intriguing questions from some of your students, questions that kept you awake at night and remain unanswered, and so much more. The reiterating melody or Leitmotiv in all these activities, related or unrelated …

Stress And Quality Of Life Among University Students: A Systematic Literature Review, Ícaro J.S. Ribeiro, Rafael Pereira, Ivna V. Freire, Bruno G. De Oliveira, Cezar A. Casotti, Eduardo N. Boery

Health Professions Education

Purpose: Excessive and continuous stress has effects that go beyond mere health commitment, by triggering various diseases, and it is well stablish that this stress-related somatic events can affect the quality of life. Based on the exposed, the following questions were raised: There is association between quality of life and stress level in university students? What are the potential variables that influences this association? Therefore, this research aimed to analyze recent scientific productions about stress and quality of life in university students. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on the recent scientific production (i.e., published papers along the last five …