Translation Studies Commons^™

Perbandingan Bahasa Kiasan Dalam Cerpen Arab Dan Melayu., Mohamad Yazid Abdul Majid

Student Works (2010-2019)

This dissertation study compares the language metaphor in Arabic and Malay short stories by two eminent authors namely Zakaria Tamer and Azizi Hj. Abdullah. The focus of the study is in the aspect of styles from figurative language in Arabic and Malay as well as examine the similarities and differences. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify the concept of figurative language and position in the science of Balaghah and Rhetoric Malay language other than making a terminology comparison both figuratively and analyze its use in both authors short story texts. In addition, the selection of the two …

Transfinite = 譯誌, 2009-2010 Publication Workshop, Department Of Translation, Lingnan University

Bilingual Publication Workshop 雙語出版工作坊

This bilingual magazine was created and produced by the 55 students in a course called Publication Workshop, which is offered by Lingnan’s Department of Translation. Dr. Roberta Raine, as the teacher for this course, his role as “Editor-in-Chief” has been to guide the students in learning hands-on, through practical experience what is involved in publishing a magazine. The students have been responsible for every step of the process: brainstorming ideas for articles, writing, translating, editing, finding photos and artwork, designing, proofreading, preparing the magazine for printing, and distribution.

這本雙語雜誌是由嶺南大學翻譯系修讀”出版工作坊”的55名學生精心編著的。在此過程中，Dr. Roberta Raine 作為任課老帥兼「主編」，引導學生在實踐中來學習。從擬稿、寫作、翻譯、編輯、後期美工設計、校對、印刷到最後的派發，學生們在每個步驟上都身體力行。

Ang Sining Ng Saling-Awit: Kasaysayan, Proseso, At Pagpapahalaga, Michael M. Coroza

Filipino Faculty Publications

Nakatuon ang maikling pag-aaral na ito sa kasaysayan, poetika, at praktika ng saling-awit (song translation) sa Filipinas. Itinatanghal dito kung paanong ang gawaing ito ay bahagi ng maunlad at malaganap na tradisyong pabigkas ng Filipinas mulang sinaunang panahon hanggang sa kasalukuyan. Saligan ng pagtalakay ang tanggap na katotohanan, lalo na sa pabigkas na tradisyon, na ang tula ay awit o awit ang tula. Sa proseso ng saling-awit, mababakas ang malikhain at subersibong pag-iisip ng mga Filipino, na hindi lamang kumokopya kundi nag-aangkop, higit sa lahat, ng banyagang kanta at kultura sa katutubong wika na pinagsasalinan. Sa gayon, ang nalilikhang salin, …

A:Muse : A Bilingual Student Magazine, 2008-2009 Publication Workshop, Department Of Translation, Lingnan University

Bilingual Publication Workshop 雙語出版工作坊

This bilingual student magazine is the result of the hard work, creativity and energy of the 62 students in this year's Publication Workshop, a course offered by the Department of Translation. This is a very hands-on, practical course in which students learn by doing. Each student must take responsibility, both as an individual and as part of a team, to ensure that the quality of the publication is high and that the entire production process goes smoothly and according to schedule, just like in a real-life professional setting. Every aspect of this publication - from writing, editing and design, to …

L’Éthique De La Différence En Traduction : Le Cas De Deux Romans Africains Francophones Et De Leur Restitution En Anglais, Augustine H. Asaah

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

Translation advances the cause of the international community as it plays a vital role in global development and understanding. The literary text needs to be translated before readers from diverse linguistic communities can apprehend and enjoy it. To a large extent, the success of the translation enterprise is a function of the accuracy of the target-text. With illustrations drawn from two francophone african masterpieces, Ahmadou Kourouma’s Les soleils des indépendances and Mariama Bâ’s Une si longue lettre, this article seeks to determine the extent to which the target-texts in English respect the spirit and the letter articulated by the source-texts. …

翻译研究的对话性路径 : 巴赫金思想与翻译研究, Bo Li

Lingnan Theses

翻译研究已经成为一门独立的学科，研究领域逐渐扩大，研究方法也在不 断完善；与此同时，巴赫金研究在世界范围内，也吸引了越来越多的目光和注 意力，为语言学、文学、文化研究、哲学等相关或相邻学科提供了丰富的理论 资源。在这样一个大背景下，本项研究采取了跨学科的研究模式，概念分析与个案研究相结合，力图说明巴赫金思想对翻译研究的适用性，在二者之间寻找理论挪用的契合点。

本文在回顾以往研究的基础上，提出了新的研究问题和假设，充分借鉴巴赫金思想，分析和解释与翻译相关的诸多问题和现象。本文提出从基于表述的主体间言语交际来看翻译过程，从杂语的角度来分析原文和译文，从声音的角 度来看译者的叙述在场及其主体性实现，从对话的角度来看翻译中涉及主体之间的主体间性，从声音和杂语的角度来思考翻译与身份认同的问题，从而对于我们理解翻译过程的实质、理解翻译过程的艰难、理解翻译中译者的主体性与翻译中的主体间性、理解翻译与身份认同的关系等等，试图提供可行的分析模 式和有意义的思考路径。在这个意义上来说，本项研究对于推进翻译研究具有一定的理论贡献。同时，本文借助文学翻译、电影字幕翻译等实际个案 (特别是台湾作家王祯和的长篇小说《玫瑰玫瑰我爱你》英语译本)，印证本文提出的分析模式的有效性和可行性。

Türk Edebiyatı Kanonu Ve Ulusal Kimliğin Sınırları (The Canon Of Turkish Literature And The Limits Of National Identity), Pelin Basci

World Languages and Literatures Faculty Publications and Presentations

The article is written in Turkish.

Written for the special issue of the journal Pasaj Edebiyat on the canon of Turkish literature, the article explores the relationship between the formation of the literary canon and the forging of the national identity. It argues that the modern canon of Turkish literature, much like other national literatures in the Balkans and the Middle East, has been politically constructed after the break with the Ottoman past. Turkish literature has been fashioned through a "literary exchange," much like the 1924 “population exchange” between Greece and Turkey, insulating and sanitizing it from other literary traditions …

Boudjedra, Écrivain De Langue Arabe?, Touriya Fili-Tullon

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

This paper is devoted to bilingualism in R. Boudjedra’sliterary practice. Our aim is to show how French and Arabic versions of his books may be read as hypertexts of metadiscoursive value. Considered from this point of view, the differing versions neutralize any genetic approach and make the rules of an “authoritative” translation obsolete.

Context, Translator And History : A Study Of Three Translations Of Luotuo Xiangzi In The Usa, Ying Jun Li

Lingnan Theses

Three different English translations of Lao She’s (老舍) Luotuo Xiangzi (骆驼祥子) were marketed in the USA from 1945 to 2005. What are the major historical occurrences and trends from the late 19th to the early 21st century that define the contexts of these translations? Beginning with an analysis of the stylistic features of each translation, the present study explores how each of the three translators and the corresponding historical context impacted on the production of the translated text, its marketing orientation and its reception in the USA.

With a comparison of the three translated texts and their meta-textual features, the …

翻译操控论：从严复和鲁迅的翻译理论相关的例句实践看意识形态作用, Fengliang Mu

Lingnan Theses

翻译行为一直伴随人类活动。翻译理论却往往是“一堆意见”。翻译操控论正是这样一个值得争论的命题。

本文以翻译研究的语言学转向、文化转向和史学转向为背景，以赫曼斯的翻译操控论为理论架构，研究翻译过程中的意识形态作用，以便于理解翻译过程中的译者主体作用或操控行为。

本文拾起严复和鲁迅的老话题，是希望每次阅读都创造出不同于以往的历史主义的关怀和方法，以便在现在和历史的对话中加深对过去的理解，从中演绎出新意，进而服务于将来。在翻译实践中，严复和鲁迅实施两种截然 不同的翻译操控。本文通过具体的文本比对和译界传统的追溯研究，解读多元因素作用下的翻译实践，回答了前人(例如梁实秋)尚未解决的鲁迅硬译的缘由，贯穿了翻译的操控历史和历史在操控中进化的主题，同时也疏理了操控阵营的理论要点。赫曼斯所代表的操控学派缘起于具有激进倾向的因素作用研究，同时又强调中立描述的稳健立场。这为该派开展翻译规范研究和尝试普遍适用的理论假设提供了转机。鉴于意识形态缺乏恒定值，造成特殊性的普遍存在和普遍性的假想性质，操控学派中的因素论锐气渐弱，规范研究却力度渐强。籍此，本文在以下几个方面做了积极的论证。一、意识形态有若干特征，其关键特征是一时之态。理解意识形态的这种动态变化有利于减少意识形态的一时失态，促进意识形态的相互宽容和相互借鉴。二、本文将翻译操控论施诸严复和鲁迅的个案，界定了“信、达、雅”的“游移性、不确 定性、隐喻性、延异性”，从而揭示了“信、达、雅”变量的可选性、指导翻译实践的方向性和译者自主把握尺度的灵活性。三、在翻译操控论形成之前就有翻译的操控实践。只是在翻译中，操控乏力有碍交流，操控过度就超出了翻译范畴，操控适当才能有利于思想交流。本文指出，译员不操控等于不作为，不利于文本的认知、解读和阐释。查翻译操控论的未来走向，规范研究将促使翻译操控论转变激进立场，或者至少可以由规范研究来把握操控的信度和效度。

翻译、意识形态与话语 : 中国1895-1911 年文学翻译研究, Xiaoyuan Wang

Lingnan Theses

1895－1911 年这一时期，是中国翻译史上第三次翻译高潮。现有的中国翻译史研究成果，由于受到各自的研究对象以及研究者自身的局限，均未能对这一断代史进行充分的研究。本文采取文化研究的视角，尝试建立一个新的理论模式――翻译社会学模式，即考察翻译场域中，翻译这一话语生产活动，如何在受到意识形态制约的 同时，通过不同途径（其中特别是通过主体性）获得各种资本，尤其是符号象征资本，对现有意识形态（尤其是主流意识形态）产生作用。在此基础上，对这一时期的文学翻译，特别是小说的翻译，加以研究。 本文认为：翻译这一社会行为，不仅是语言之间而是处在特定的历史语境之中的转换活动，因而势必会受到当时意识形态的制约；同时，翻译作为一种话语生产活动，亦会因此生产新的意识形态话语。由此，翻译与意识形态之间存在着一种互动关系。 本文采取纵横相结合的方法：首先从纵的即历史的跨度，考察这一时期翻译行为所处的社会文化语境，从文化史与思想史的高度，概述这一时期的翻译史特征，史论结合，以史为辅，以论为主。其次，截取其中某个时间横断面，对这一时期具有代表性的论者与译者，进行深入的个案分析（包括梁启超、林 纾、苏曼殊、周氏兄弟），希冀通过以点带面的方式，微观（文本分析）与宏观（文化研究）相结合，以微见著，从微观中看出宏观来，同时又能高屋建瓴， 从宏观解释微观，总结该时期的翻译活动的特征与规律。

Cirilo F. Bautista, Bullets And Roses: The Poetry Of Amado V. Hernandez, A Bilingual Edition, Michael M. Coroza

Filipino Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Orientalism And Religion In The Romantic Era-Rammohan Ray’S Vedanta(S), Amit Ray

Articles

Abstract:

This chapter examines how Raja Rammohan Ray utilized Vedanta philosophy as a strategic response to colonial critiques of Hinduism during the early nineteenth century. Ray emerged as a pivotal figure who navigated between British orientalist discourse and Indian religious reform, employing Advaita Vedanta to counter accusations of idolatry and polytheism leveled against Hindu practices. The analysis demonstrates how Ray's translations of the Upanishads and his promotion of Vedantic monotheism served dual purposes: defending indigenous civilization against missionary attacks while accommodating European notions of rational religion. Ray's approach involved significant textual interventions, including rendering the neuter brahman as masculine "God" …

Domesticating Translation Can Make A Difference : A Case Study Of Foreign Film-Title Translation In Hong Kong And Taiwan, Ka Ian, Justina Cheang

Lingnan Theses

This thesis seeks to examine the translation of selected foreign film-titles in Hong Kong and Taiwan from 1990 to 2002. Lawrence Venuti’s theory on “domesticating translation” and “foreignizing translation” will be taken as the conceptual framework for the study. Building on Friedrich Schleiermacher’s perspective on translation and on his observations about the Anglo-American publishing industry, Venuti asserts that “foreignizing translation”, being a strategy to bring the target-text audience toward the original text, should be preferred over “domesticating translation” as the former would guarantee difference by introducing foreign elements to the text recipients. By doing so, people will have more chances …

編選重寫與翻譯重寫 : 沈從文作品英譯選集研究, Kit Ching Leung

Lingnan Theses

中國現代作家沈從文 (1902-1988) 的著作，自一九四九年開始在中國大陸 和台灣被禁，長達三十年。這期間，沈從文的文學成就被主流文學史忽略，甚 至否定。可以說，沈從文在中國的文學評論界，以至中國文學史“缺席”逾三 十年。八十年代初，中國大陸的政治環境改變，西方學者的影響增加，中國學 術界開始重新肯定沈從文的文學成就，沈從文的名字乃得以在中國現代文學史 的論述中重現。反之，在西方學術界，沈從文研究從沒有中斷。

選集，無論是個別作家的專集，還是不同作家的合集，是作家風格、面貌 的縮影，而中國現代作家的英譯選集，更是英語讀者認識中國作家最便捷的途 徑。翻譯、編選是“重寫”(rewriting) 活動，而“重寫”往往隱含選取、評價 等判別標準，操縱着譯者、編者對作品、作家的認識與接受程度，對文學作品 能否成為經典作品和成為甚麼樣的經典，有一定的影響。本論文借用勒菲弗爾 (André Lefevere) 的“重寫”概念，先從宏觀角度探討沈從文作品英譯選集的編 者在編選過程中，如何“重寫”沈從文的形象；然後從微觀角度分析譯者在翻 譯的過程中，如何“重寫”沈從文的作品及其形象；而在兩種“重寫”的操縱 下，各英譯選集又如何折射沈從文的形象。

A Dictionary Of Middle Egyptian For Students Of Biblical Archaeology And Old Testament Studies, Robert D. Bates

Dissertations

Problem. Middle Egyptian has played an increasingly important role in Biblical Archaeology and Old Testament studies. Much of biblical chronology is closely connected to Egyptian chronology; many biblical events record Egyptian involvement, and some of these are included on Egyptian monuments. A knowledge of Middle Egyptian has been crucial in understanding the historical background and cultural context of the biblical world because this phase of the Egyptian language influenced the widest range of Egyptian writing, particularly as it pertains to Old Testament history. Unfortunately, students do not have all the necessary tools for searching for unfamiliar words in Middle Egyptian. …

Stratégies De Légitimation Et Modalités De Réception Des Littératures Francophones En Italie, Cristina Minelle, Lucie Picard

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

This paper offers an overview of a broad research project concerned with the current diffusion of Francophone Literatures in Italy. The study comprises several components: a review of the academic literature; a survey of relevant websites; the analysis of publisher’s catalogues; archival analysis and face-to-face research at Universities and other Francophone cultural centres. Through a multi-disciplinary approach, the study offers an articulate though lively account of the state of Francophone Literatures in Italy.

忠信與操縱 : 當代基督教《聖經》中文譯本研究, Cho Yuen Lam

Lingnan Theses

在基督教群體中，《聖經》向來被視為上帝的話，享有絕對的權威。 翻譯《聖經》的工作皆以忠於原文為首要目標。不同語言的《聖經》譯 本的數量早已成為古今中外譯本之冠。近一百多年來，基督教中文《聖經》的翻譯工作持續不斷，新的譯本相繼問世。這些譯本都宣稱以忠於原文為翻譯目的、比舊的譯本更忠實可信。然而《聖經》的原文早已遺失，不同譯本依據的源文又各有不同，譯本宣稱忠於原文的各種說法，不免有名不符實之嫌；而所謂忠信，亦是一個非常複雜的變動而相對的概念。本文擬採用描述性翻譯研究的方法，借用安德烈•勒菲弗爾 (André Lefevere) 的理論，嘗試從意識形態、詩學、贊助人三方面，探討聲稱以忠信為翻譯目標的當代《聖經》中文譯本在翻譯過程中對原文的操縱情況，揭示《聖經》中文譯本名為忠信、實為操縱的翻譯現象。

Interpretation And Re-Creation : English Translations Of Poetry In The Sanguo Zhi Yanyi, Pui Shan Tai

Lingnan Theses

This thesis is a textual and contextual study of English renditions of poetry in Luo Guanzhong’s Sanguo zhi yanyi, in terms of their artistic approach and their bearing on the artistic functions which poetry fulfills in the novel. There are several English renditions of the Sanguo zhi yanyi in full or in part, including two full translations by Charles H. Brewit-Taylor and Moss Roberts. While the two full translations form the focus of the study, Roberts’s abridged version is also included. Published fifteen years before the full rendition by the same translator, the abridged version serves every now and then …

意识形态、诗学与文学翻译选择规范 : 20世纪50-80年代中国的(后)现代主义文学翻译研究, Mingjian Zha

Lingnan Theses

20世纪80年代之前，西方(后)现代主义文学在中国一直受到排斥，在中国翻译文学多元系统中处于边缘的位置，在50-70年代更被视为"颓废文学"、 "反动文学"。70年代末，中国开始译介(后)现代主义文学，但引起了激烈的论争。译介者运用种种阐释和翻译策略，终于使(后)现代主义文学"合法地"进入中国文学系统，并从文学系统的边缘走向比较中心的位置。(后)现代主义文学的翻译影响了八九十年代中国文学的发展面貌。(后)现代主义文学在当代中国的文化际遇，非常生动地说明，文学翻译并不是简单的语言转换行为，而是译语文化多元系统对外国文学的文化操纵和利用。

本文采取史论结合的方式，以埃文─佐哈尔(Itamar Even-Zohar)的多元系统论作为基本理论框架，以勒菲弗尔(André Lefevere)等人的理论作为探讨具体翻译现象的理论视点，在当代中国文化多元系统动态演进的时空中，分析意识形态、诗学、文学体制与文学翻译选择规范的形成和嬗变的关系，由此阐释(后)现代主义文学在中国50-70年代被边缘化，在80年代被中心化的意识形态和诗学原因。本文还从翻译文学经典形成的角度，考察(后)现代主义翻译文学经典对80年代中国文学创作以及意识形态和诗学的影响。最后，作者根据本文研究，对系统理论进行了反思，并对如何拓展翻译文学史研究空间，提出了个人的观点。

基督教中文聖經性別內包語言研究, Sin Nga So

Lingnan Theses

過去三十年，西方在女性主義思潮的帶動下，掀起了對語言性別主義的批判，同一時期，翻譯學朝文化研究的方向發展，使性別、語言與翻譯成為了互相影響、經常互相指涉的研究領域。本文採用描述性的研究進路，探討自由主義女性主義者所倡導的內包語言在基督教中文聖經譯本中的使用情況。

八十年代中，內包語言被引進到英文聖經翻譯，掀起了連串的討論。本文會在西方（尤其美國）學者的研究基礎上，從女性主義切入，釐清內包語言在聖經翻譯的語境中的本質，以及衍生出來的概念，然後將聖經主要的中文譯本 界分為傳統版本和內包版本。最後借用安德烈‧勒菲弗爾（André Lefevere）的理論，分析贊助者的意識形態如何支配中文聖經的內包版本。

"Sabbath Is A Happy Day!" What Does Isaiah 58:13-14 Mean?, Ed Christian

Journal of the Adventist Theological Society

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Irish Ireland On Young Poland, 1890-1918, John A. Merchant

Modern Languages and Literatures: Faculty Publications and Other Works

John. A. Merchant examines the impact of a contemporary cultural movement, Irish Ireland, on its Polish counterpart, Young Poland. He traces the reception of Irish literature in the form of translations of works by W. B. Yeats and John Millington Synge in Poland through translations by Jan Kasprowicz, Zenon "Miriam" Przesmycki and others as well as through a variety of cultural commentaries by Polish critics and by means of stage productions of Irish plays by theater directors, such as Tadeusz Pawlikowski.

Balkan Influences On The Eastern Sephardic Romance, Steve Nelson

Dissertations and Theses

The present study examines the local influences on the ballads on the Eastern Sephardic Jews. With very few exceptions, these influences are from the Turkish language and from Modern Greek folk balladry. Therefore, I have divided the results of my findings into these two categories.

In the section concerning Sephardic ballads influenced by Greek folk poetry, I synthesize and expand upon the findings of Samuel Armistead and Joseph Silverman, who have combed through more than one hundred different Greek ballad collections to determine how these have influenced the Sephardic romancero. I combine with their results the Peninsular and Turkish …

Faktor Leksis Dan Budaya Dalam Terjemahan Arab-Melayu : Satu Analisis Karya Rihlah Ibn Battutah, Syed Nurul Akla Syed Abdullah

Student Works (2000-2009)

This research presents an analysis of lexical and cultural factors in a contemporary Arabic-Malay translation in relation to the process of translating. The analysis is based on chapters 1 and 2 of Pengembaraan lbn Battutah (The Travels of Ibn Battuta), which is the translated version of the original text Rihlah lbn Battutah (1357). Cultural differences between Arabic and Malay cause problems and difficulties in translation, especially in the selection of appropriate lexis. The analysis aims to identify the extent in which lexical and cultural factors cause difficulties in the interpretation of the meaning of problematic lexical items. The translation was …

A Bibliographic Survey On Baba Literature Focus On Chinese Literary Translated Works Into Baba Malay, Suan Kui Yoong

Student Works (2000-2009)

This study analyses the Baba translated works between 1889-1950, focusing on 68 unique titles identified from six libraries: University of Malaya Library, and the libraries at Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, University Science of Malaysia, National Library of Singapore, National University of Singapore and the British Library. The Baba translated works indicated three periods of publication productivity between 1889-1909 (the embryonic period), which produced 18 publications, between 1910- 1929 (the stagnant period) with IO titles and between 1930-1939 (the revival period) with 39 titles. One title was published in 1950. The main focus of the study is on the translator. Between …

Padanan Terjemahan Kata Nama : Kes Daripada Dua Buah Novel Jepun, Sarinah Sharif

Student Works (2000-2009)

This research focuses on the approaches and strategies to be taken by any translator in the search for the closest natural equivalence for any given noun. However the approaches and strategies are only a suggestion based on the writer's extracted samplings from the two Japanese novels, namely Hatsukoi by Tatsuya Yoshimura and Hyaku lkkai Me no Puropousu by Shinji Yojima. In the writer's opinion, this research on translation equivalence is important as accuracy in any translation will fall greatly on the mastery and intelligence of a translator in finding the closest equivalence. We can no longer think that the translation …

Dunia Fiksyen Chen Ruoxi : Kajian Koleksi Cerpen Yin Xianzhang, Lai Mooi Lum

Student Works (2000-2009)

Chen Ruoxi has been renowned Chinese fiction writer since the 1970s and Yin xianzhang (Mayor Yin), a collection of six short stories, is set to be her most representative works. The collection depicts the sufferings and hardship of the chinese people during China's Cultural Resolution (1966-1976), in particular the cadres and the intellectuals, who either returned to China from abroad or were locals. The work aroused great interest in the literary circle. Thus, Chen Ruoxi not only became a well-known author, but also was regarded as the pioneer of "The Literature of Hurts". The dissertation aim to study and analyse …

At The Limits Of Language : The Challenge Of Modernist Literature To Translation Theories And Practice, Nigel B. R Reeves

文學與翻譯研究中心 論文叢刊 Centre for Literature and Translation Occasional Paper Series

It is a great pleasure to be able to address colleagues and students at Lingnan College on a fresh occasion.* And on this occasion I would like to begin by talking Nonsense!

There was an old man of Hong Kong
Who never did anything wrong;
He lay on his back, with his head in a sack,
That innocuous old man of Hong Kong.

Fortunately I did not have to invent this nonsense-it is of course a limerick by Edward Lear, the Victorian humorist poet. It illustrates vividly the problem which I want to debate with you today-the challenge of Modernist …

A Calendar Of Wisdom. Daily Thoughts To Nourish The Soul. Written And Selected From The World's Sacred Texts (Book Review), Yvonne Howell

Languages, Literatures, and Cultures Faculty Publications

Tolstoy spent over fifteen years collecting "the wisdom of the centuries in one book" (6). He began compiling this wisdom in written form, as quotes from the world's sacred texts and from famous (as well as obscure) artists, in 1902-1903. The first version of the resulting book was published in 1904. It was reprinted three times during his lifetime, variously titled Thoughts of Wise Men, A Circle of Reading, or The Way of Life. It is the early version of the book that made it into the 1957 Soviet edition of Tolstoy's collected works as Krug chteniia: …