Nutrition Commons^™

Sustainable Brackish Water Shrimp Farming – A Serious Thought In India., Ahmed Mustafa, Maryam Moshref, Susmita Patnaik

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Canadian Student Information (Csi) Document (To Accompany Entry Level Nutrition Text), Leonard Piché

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Determination Of 2-Alkylcyclobutanones With Electronic Impact And Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Gc/Ms) In Irradiated Foods, Peter Horvatovich, Dalal Werner, Stéphanie Jung, Michel Miesch, Henry Delincee, Claude Hasselmann, Eric Marchioni

Stéphanie Jung

The use of a column containing 60 g of silica gel for cleanup and the use of isobutane as a reactant reagent for chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of the saturated and monounsaturated alkyl side-chain 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs; specifically induced by irradiation from fat in foods until the proof of contrary) has improved both the sensibility and the selectivity of the method when applied for the detection of irradiated foods. The quality of the chromatograms obtained was improved, allowing the detection of food samples (avocados) irradiated at low doses (0.1 kGy) or irradiated ingredients included in low proportions (less than 5%, wt/wt) …

Soluble Fibrin Inhibits Monocyte Adherence And Cytotoxicity Against Tumor Cells: Implications For Cancer Metastasis, John Biggerstaff, Brandy Weidow, Jacqueline Vidosh, Judith Dexheimer, Shonak Patel, Pretesh Patel

John Biggerstaff

Background Soluble fibrin (sFn) is a marker for disseminated intravascular coagulation and may have prognostic significance, especially in metastasis. However, a role for sFn in the etiology of metastatic cancer growth has not been extensively studied. We have reported that sFn cross-linked platelet binding to tumor cells via the major platelet fibrin receptor αIIbβ3, and tumor cell CD54 (ICAM-1), which is the receptor for two of the leukocyte β2 integrins (αLβ2 and aMβ2). We hypothesized that sFn may also affect leukocyte adherence, recognition, and killing of tumor cells. Furthermore, in a rat experimental metastasis model sFn pre-treatment of tumor cells …

Review: Nutrition And An Active Life, W.B. Freire, Melanie Burns, Aaron Grobergieser

Melanie Burns

No abstract provided.

Nutrition-Related Definitions, Leonard Piché

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Canadian Supplement To Accompany Nutrition: Concepts And Controversies, M. Hedley, Leonard Piché, Alicia Garcia

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Family Mealtime Practices On Household Inhabitants, Lindsay A. Schwarz, Melanie Burns

Melanie Burns

The purpose of this study was to determine how various family mealtime practices influence family dynamics. The objectives were to determine the frequency of meals per week consumed as a family, which meal was typically consumed together, influencing factors on why families do or do not choose to eat together, and the extent to which the participants perceived that family meal time strengthens the family unit. Participants (n=50) in the study completed a self-administered survey that consisted of questions regarding current family mealtime practices, as well as general questions about the family unit. Results indicated that family meals have the …

Relationship Between Plasma Carotenoids And Prostate Cancer.Pdf, Shine Chang, John W. Erdman, Steven K. Clinton, Maya Vadiveloo, Sara S. Strom, John H. Contois, Xiangjun Gu, Richard J. Babaian, Peter T. Scardino, Stephen D. Hursting

Maya Vadiveloo

Adolescent Malnutrition In Developing Countries A Close Look At The Problem And At Two National Experiences, Lorraine Cordeiro, Sascha Lamstein, Zeba Mahmud, F. James Levinson

Lorraine Cordeiro

No abstract provided.

Overweight In Urban, Low-Income, African American And Hispanic Children Attending Los Angeles Elementary Schools: Research Stimulating Action, Wendelin M. Slusser, William G. Cumberland, Ben L. Browdy, Donna Winham, Charlotte G. Neumann

Donna Winham

Objective: This study was undertaken to establish the prevalence and severity of nutritional problems among low-income children of elementary school age in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) in order to collect baseline data to inform policy-makers. Design and methods: A cross-sectional survey of children in 14 elementary schools was conducted from January to June, 1998. Nine hundred and nineteen children were measured and interviewed. The planning, design and data analysis were carried out in collaboration with key LAUSD policy-makers. Results: More than 35% of the sample was classified as being at risk for overweight or overweight according to …

Second Edition Of The Student Handbook For Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, Leonard Piché, Alicia Garcia

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Rapid Gut Transit Time And Slow Fecal Isoflavone Disappearance Phenotype Are Associated With Greater Genistein Bioavailability In Women, Yan Zheng, Jiang Hu, Patricia A. Murphy, D. Lee Alekel, Warren D. Franke, Suzanne Hendrich

Warren D Franke

The bioavailability of soybean isoflavones varies widely among individuals due to many factors, including activities of gut microflora. To characterize factors that affect fecal isoflavone disappearance phenotype and isoflavone bioavailability in women, 35 Asian and 33 Caucasian women, 18-43 y of age, provided fecal samples for anaerobic incubation with isoflavones in vitro at two times 5 mo apart (Phases I and II). Diet, physical activity and health history were investigated at these times. A single dose of soymilk powder [1.2 mg (4.57 micromol) total isoflavone/kg body] was given to all subjects with breakfast in phase II. Daidzein and genistein from …

Iodinated Feed Reduces Stress In Steelhead Trout., Ahmed Mustafa

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Student Handbook For Nutrition: Concepts & Controversies, Leonard Piché, Alicia Garcia

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Association Between Eating Patterns And Obesity In A Free-Living U.S. Adult Population, Yunsheng Ma, Elizabeth R. Bertone, Edward J. Stanek, George W. Reed, James R. Herbert, Dr. Nancy L. Cohen, Philip A. Merriam, Ira S. Ockene

Nancy L. Cohen

Some studies have suggested that eating patterns, which describe eating frequency, the temporal distribution of eating events across the day, breakfast skipping, and the frequency of eating meals away from home, may be related to obesity. Data from the Seasonal Variation of Blood Cholesterol Study (1994–1998) were used to evaluate the relation between eating patterns and obesity. Three 24-hour dietary recalls and a body weight measurement were collected at five equally spaced time points over a 1-year period from 499 participants. Data were averaged for five time periods, and a cross-sectional analysis was conducted. Odds ratios were adjusted for other …

Hydrophobic Probe Binding Of Β-Lactoglobulin In The Native And Molten Globule State Induced By High Pressure As Affected By Ph, Kio3 And N-Ethylmaleimide, Jian Yang, Joseph R. Powers, Stephanie Clark, A. Keith Dunker, Barry G. Swanson

Stephanie Clark

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 500 MPa and 50 °C induces β-LG into the molten globule state. Retinol, cis-parinaric acid (CPA), and 1-anilino-naphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) fluorescence from pH 2.5 to 10.5 in the presence of the native and molten globule states of β-LG indicate that retinol binds to β-LG in the calyx, CPA at the surface hydrophobic site, and ANS in multiple hydrophobic sites. HHP treatment results in a decrease of β-LG affinity for retinol and CPA, suggesting conformational changes in the calyx and surface hydrophobic site of β-LG during HHP treatment. β-LG treated by HHP in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide …

An Assessment Of The Nutrient Content Of Meals Provided And Facilities Present At State-Funded Creèches In Cape Town, C Pietersen, K Charlton, M Du Toit, Lindiwe Sibeko

Lindiwe Sibeko

Background. A large proportion of resources allocated to the Community-Based Nutrition Programme (CBNP) of the Department of Health in the Western Cape is spent on crèche-feeding schemes. To date, little evaluation of the CBNP has been undertaken. Aim. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional adequacy of meals provided, and facilities available, at state-funded crèches in the Cape Metropole. Methods. A questionnaire was administered to managers of 43 conveniently sampled crèches in two districts of Cape Town. Twenty-two of the crèches were randomly selected for nutrient assessment of a duplicate meal, and a typical meal sample was weighed …

Nutrition-Related Definitions, Leonard Piché

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Foods And Nutrition: Student Handbook Part Ii, Leonard Piché, Alicia Garcia

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Foods And Nutrition: Student Handbook Part I, Leonard Piché, Alicia Gracia

Leonard Piché

No abstract provided.

Factors Related To Success And Satisfaction In Online Learning, Patricia A. Beffa-Negrini, Brian Miller, Dr. Nancy L. Cohen

Nancy L. Cohen

We investigated factors that may relate to positive outcomes in a web-based introductory nutrition course: age, gender, prior nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, attitude toward technology, satisfaction with the instructor, and satisfaction with peer interaction. Fifty-four students completed pre-post surveys of knowledge, altitudes, and course satisfaction. When adjusted for multiple variables, satisfaction with the instructor and prior nutrition knowledge related to achievement in nutrition knowledge from pre- to posttest. Age, satisfaction with the instructor, and prior nutrition knowledge predicted course grade. Satisfaction with the instructor and satisfaction with peer interaction related to self-reported learning. Satisfaction with peer interaction, satisfaction with the …

Β-Lactoglobulin Molten Globule Induced By High Pressure, Jian Yang, A. Keith Dunker, Joseph R. Powers, Stephanie Clark, Barry G. Swanson

Stephanie Clark

Beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) was treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 600 MPa and 50 degrees C for selected times as long as 64 min. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of beta-LG indicated that HHP treatment conditions induced a conformational change. HHP treatment conditions also promote a 3-fold increase in the extrinsic fluorescence of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate and a 2.6-fold decrease for cis-paraneric acid, suggesting an increase in accessible aromatic hydrophobicity and a decrease in aliphatic hydrophobicity. Far-ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) spectra reveal that the secondary structure of beta-LG converts from native beta-sheets to non-native alpha-helices following HHP treatment, whereas near-ultraviolet CD spectra reveal …

Factors For Success In Online And Face-To-Face Instruction. (Online Instruction), Brian Miller, Dr. Nancy Cohen, Patricia Beffa-Negrini

Nancy L. Cohen

This study compared academic achievement between undergraduate students in an introductory nutrition course online and students taking the same course in a large-class lecture format. Using a quasi-experimental research design, two instructional treatments (online, [N=35] and large-class lecture instruction [N=434J) were applied to two groups of students and their achievement was measured by a pretest and posttest of nutrition knowledge as well as final course grade. No significant differences in posttest scores (nutrition knowledge) were found. When data were partitioned for age, however, older students taking the online course had significantly higher final course grad.es than both their younger online …

Perceptions And Use Of Canada's Food Guide To Healthy Eating By Grocery Shoppers In London, Ontario, Alicia Garcia, Leonard Piché

Leonard Piché

Limited information exists on grocery shoppers' perceptions and use of Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating. The main objective of this study was to examine grocery shoppers' perceptions and use of the food guide in London, Ontario. The guide tearsheet and a self-administered questionnaire about food-buying practices were distributed to 2,000 food shoppers in ten London supermarkets. The response rate was 572 of 2,000 shoppers, or 29%; detailed results are reported in a separate paper. Four months later, a follow-up survey on the perceptions and use of the food guide was conducted through the use of a mailed questionnaire. (Both …

Factors Influencing Food-Buying Practices Of Grocery Shoppers In London, Ontario, Leonard Piché, Alicia Garcia

Leonard Piché

We need to understand better the reasons why people choose to buy the foods that they do. The main objective of this study was to obtain information on some of the factors that influence food-buying practices of grocery shoppers in London, Ontario. For this study, a copy of Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating tearsheet and a self-administered seven-item postcard-style questionnaire were distributed to 2,000 grocery shoppers in ten London A&P supermarkets; 29% of receptive shoppers (572 of 2,000) completed the survey. Grocery shoppers indicated that price, freshness and health considerations were the top three factors considered important when buying …

High-Pressure Effects On Lysosome Integrity And Lysosomal Enzyme Activity In Bovine Muscle, Stéphanie Jung, Marie De Lamballerie-Anton, Richard G. Taylor, Mohamed Ghoul

Stéphanie Jung

This study was conducted to determine whether the application of high hydrostatic pressure could modify the enzymatic activity and membrane integrity of lysosomes in muscle. Several combinations of pressure (0-600 MPa) and time (0-300 s) were applied to two types of samples: purified enzymes (cathepsin D and acid phosphatase) in buffer solution and intact muscle (biceps femoris). The enzymes studied showed varying degrees of susceptibility depending on the level of pressure, holding time, and environment. Acid phosphatase activity was minimally affected by pressure in buffer solution, whereas cathepsin D was modulated significantly by the pressure and time applied. The activities …

School Foodservice Director’S Perceived Compliance With The Dietary Guidelines For Americans, Melanie Burns

Melanie Burns

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Iron Absorption In Adults And Infants Consuming Identical Infant Formulas, Richard F. Hurrell, Lena Davidsson, Manju B. Reddy, Peter Kastenmayer, James D. Cook

Manju B. Reddy

Fe absorption was estimated in adults and infants from the erythrocyte incorporation of Fe isotopes added to infant formula. Fe absorption was measured in adults using radioisotopes, and in infants with a stable-isotope technique. In adults, the geometric mean Fe absorption from a ready-to-feed soya formula with its native phytic acid content was 2.4%. This increased to 6.0 % (P < 0.05) after almost complete dephytinization. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 3.9 and 8.7% respectively from the same products (P(O.05). In adults, mean Fe absorption from a spray-dried soya formula containing 110 mg ascorbic acid was 4.1 %, increasing to 5.3 % (P < 0.05) when ascorbic acid was doubled to 220 mgfl. In infants, mean Fe absorption values were 5.7 and 9.5 % (P < 0.05) from the same products. Mean Fe absorption from a milk-based formula was 6.5 % in adults compared with 6.7 % in infants. All meals in the adult and infant studies were fed using an identical meal size of 217 g. Increasing the meal size threefold in adults did not change fractional Fe absorption. Mean Fe absorption values for each meal were lower in adults than in infants, but the relative inhibitory effect of phytic acid and the enhancing effect of ascorbic acid were similar. We conclude that Fe absorption studies in adults can be used to assess the influence of enhancers and inhibitors of Fe absorption in infant formulas fed to infants. Further studies, however, are required to extend these findings to weaning foods and complete meals.

Resistance To Adenovirally Induced Hyperleptinemia In Rats, Guoxun Chen, Kazunori Koyama, Michio Shimabukuro, May-Yun Wang, Young Lee, Pushpa S. Kalra, Michael J. Dube, Satya P. Kalra, Christopher B. Newgard, Roger H. Unger

Guoxun Chen

Leptin regulates appetite and body weight via hypothalamic targets, but it can act directly on cultured pancreatic islets to regulate their fat metabolism. To obtain in vivo evidence that leptin may act peripherally as well as centrally, we compared the effect of adenovirally induced hyperleptinemia on food intake, body weight, and islet fat content in ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned (VMHL) rats, shamlesioned (SL) controls, and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats in which the leptin receptor is mutated. Infusion with recombinant adenovirus containing the rat leptin cDNA increased plasma leptin by z 20 ng/ml in VMHL and ZDF rats but had no effect …