Nutrition Commons^™

Sneakers And Spokes: An Assessment Of The Walkabili Institutionsty And Bikeability Of U.S. Post-Secondary, Tanya Horacek, Adrienne White, Geoffrey Greene, Melissa Reznar, Virginia Quick, Jesse Morrell

Geoffrey Greene

The purpose of the study described in this article was to assess the walkability and bikeability of 15 U.S. postsecondary education campuses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's evidence-based Healthier Worksite Initiative Walkability Audit was modified to rate campus walking and biking path segments for path safety, quality, and comfort. Universities (n = 13) assessed an average of 44 path segments, which earned a mean score of 72.71 +/- 10.77 SD (possible range 0 to 100). Postsecondary technical schools (n = 2) assessed 20 path segments, which received an average score of 76.56 +/- 13.15. About 70% of path …

The Development And Evaluation Of The Australian Child And Adolescent Recommended Food Score: A Cross-Sectional Study, Skye Marshall, Jane Watson, Tracy Burrows, Maya Guest, Clare E. Collins

Skye Marshall

A Critical Review Of Recommendations To Increase Dietary Protein Requirements In The Habitually Active, Linda S. Lamont Ph.D.

Linda S. Lamont Ph.D.

Some scientists have called for an increase in dietary protein for those who reach a threshold level of exercise. But there are some who question this recommendation. Limitations in the procedures used to justify changing the protein RDA are at issue. N balance has been used to justify an increase in the dietary protein RDA for athletes, but this procedure is limiting even when performed in a well-controlled setting. Experimental short comings are only exacerbated when performed in an exercise field setting. This review concludes that an adaptive metabolic demand model may be needed to accurately study the protein health …

Micronesia: Steps In The Right Direction, Aydin Nazmi

Aydin Nazmi

As I watch the hazy orange sun sink into the still blue sea overlooking Chuuk lagoon, I marked the end of another seemingly ordinary day in the Federated States of Micronesia. But this October day was special—it marked the beginning of a promising new era in Chuuk’s fight against HIV and AIDS. For the past few months, several proceedings had set into motion a cascade of events that would ultimately (hopefully) benefit and educate the people of Chuuk state.

Seasonality Of Infant Feeding Practices In Three Brazilian Birth Cohorts, David A. González-Chica, Helen Gonçalves, Aydin Nazmi, Iná S. Santos, Aluísio J. D. Barros, Alicia Matijasevich, Cesar G. Victora

Aydin Nazmi

Background We assessed the influence of season of birth on duration of breastfeeding and other feeding patterns in three population-based birth cohort studies in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Methods In 1982, 1993 and 2004, all hospital-born children in the city were enrolled in three cohort studies (n =  5914, 5249 and 4287, respectively). Children and their mothers were periodically visited in the first 2 years of life, to collect information on the duration of breastfeeding and the ages at which different types of foods were introduced on a regular basis. Two independent variables were studied: month of birth …

A Cluster-Based Approach For Biological Hypothesis Testing And Its Application, Ahmed Mustafa

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Household Dietary Diversity, Wild Edible Plants, And Diarrhea Among Rural Households In Tanzania, Lorraine Cordeiro

Lorraine Cordeiro

Communities in Tanzania have an extensive history of using wildplants for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The high prevalence of food insecurity and infectious disease, combined with a lack of access to healthcarein rural areas, makes traditional plant sources of food and medical treatment a practical alternative for vulnerable households. In this study, the association between household consumption of wild edible plants and self-reported diarrhea across categories of household food security status was examined. Focus group discussions in four villages in Kilosa, Tanzania, were used to elicit coping strategies, including consumption of wild edible plants, employed during periods of food shortage. …

The Effectiveness Of A Short Food Frequency Questionnaire In Determining The Adequacy Of Vitamin D Intake In Children, Caitlin Russell

Caitlin S Russell

Background: Studies have consistently found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. Few validated dietary intake assessment tools for vitamin D exist for adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if a short food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) can be used to effectively assess vitamin D intake in adolescents compared to a previously validated long food frequency questionnaire (LFFQ).

Participants/setting: 140 healthy 6-12 year old (male n=81) Caucasian and African American (n=94) children from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania completed a SFFQ and LFFQ at two time points 6 months apart.

Main outcome measures: Reliability and validity of a …

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy And Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease In Adulthood, Bernardo Lessa Horta, Denise P. Gigante, Aydin Nazmi, Vera Maria F. Silveira, Isabel Oliveira, Cesar G. Victora

Aydin Nazmi

Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in early adulthood in a Brazilian birth cohort, after controlling for possible confounding variables and health behaviors in early adulthood. Methods: In 1982, the maternity hospitals in Pelotas, southern Brazil, were visited and all births were identified. Those livebirths whose family lived in the urban area of the city were studied prospectively. In 2004–2005, we attempted to follow the whole cohort, the subjects were interviewed, examined and blood sample was collected. The following outcomes were studied: blood pressure; HDL cholesterol; triglycerides; …

How Much Serving Size Affects Consumption : Catch-22, Natalina Zlatevska, Chris Dubelaar, Stephen S. Holden

Stephen S Holden

The effect of serving-size on consumption is well-established: the larger the serve, the greater the amount consumed. But what is the size of the effect, what are the processes driving the effect, and what are the conditions that facilitate vs. inhibit the effect? The present research uses a meta-analysis of 67 studies to quantify the effect of serving-size on amount consumed and to test two competing explanations of why the effect occurs. One view is that the serving-size is mediated by a perceptual effect, the other that it is mediated by a consumption norm. The meta analysis demonstrates that when …

Letter From The Editor (Vices And Virtue), Kiran Kanti Patel

Kiran Kanti Patel, Esq.

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Nutritive Value, Cost, Viscosity And Acceptability Among Developed Oral Nutritional Supplements And Commercially-Prepared Supplements, Melanie Burns, Christa R. Huxel, Kathleen A. O'Rourke, Linda D. Simpson

Melanie Burns

No abstract provided.

Viability Of Lactic Acid Bacteria And Sensory Evaluation In Cinnamomum Verum And Allium Sativum-Bio-Yogurts Made From Camel And Cow Milk, Ahmad Salihin Hj Baba, Shori A. B.

Ahmad Salihin Hj Baba

The present study investigate the effect of herbal water extract prepared from Allium sativum and Cinnamomum verum on the viability of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus spp and Streptococcus thermophilus) in cow- and camel-milk yogurts during 21 day refrigerated storage. The organoleptic properties of fresh-yogurts were evaluated. Lactobacillus spp count for fresh cow milk-yogurts (0 day) in both present and absent of C. verum and A. sativum was ranged from 1.4×0 6 to 2.1×10 6 cfu/mL. These values were not significantly changed throughout the 21 days of refrigerated storage. Lactobacillusspp count in fresh plain camel milk- yogurt was 13.2×10 6 cfu/mL …

Effects Of Capsaicin Supplemented Feed On The Growth And Immune Response Of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch., Ahmed Mustafa, Paul Mccain, Devin Carr

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Vitamin C On Expression Of Stress Genes In Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus., Ahmed Mustafa, Sharif Hayat, Jessica Eash

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

An Introduction To Item Response Theory For Health Behavior Researchers, Russell Warne

Russell T Warne

OBJECTIVE:

To introduce item response theory (IRT) to health behavior researchers by contrasting it with classical test theory and providing an example of IRT in health behavior.

METHOD:

Demonstrate IRT by fitting the 2PL model to substance-use survey data from the Adolescent Health Risk Behavior questionnaire (n=1343 adolescents).

RESULTS:

An IRT 2PL model can produce viable substance use scores that differentiate different levels of substance use, resulting in improved precision and specificity at the respondent level.

CONCLUSION:

IRT is a viable option for health researchers who want to produce high-quality scores for unidimensional constructs. The results from our example-although not …

Survey Of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria In Fish Gut Collected From Selected Sites., Ahmed Mustafa, Hasina Karki, Arlis Lamaster, Bob Gillespie, Shree Dhawale

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Capsaicin Supplemented Feed On The Growth And Immune Response Of Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus, Ahmed Mustafa, Paul Mccain, Devin Carr

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

History Of Pharmaceuticals And Endocrine Disruptors In The Food And Water Supply, Jody Vogelzang

Jody L Vogelzang PhD, RDN, FAND, CHES

Pure food and water have been legislated in the United Sates since 1906 with the passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act. In spite of regulations and enforcement, unintentional additives are still a part of our food and water supply. This paper addresses the issue of pharmaceutical residues and chemicals which act as endocrine disruptors found in the food and water supply in the US.

Psychology (Addiction: Biology, Psychology And Society), Ahmed Mustafa, Sharon Morgillo, Shree Dhawale

Ahmed Mustafa Dr.

No abstract provided.

Longitudinal Associations Of Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Cancer Mortality In The Third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (1986-2006).Pdf, Niyati Parekh, Yong Lin, Lynette L. Craft, Maya Vadiveloo, Grace L. Lu-Yao

Maya Vadiveloo

Inadequate Feeding Of Infant And Young Children In India: Lack Of Nutritional Information Or Food Affordability?, Nisha Malhotra

Nisha Malhotra

Why does child malnutrition persist in India? Amongst the fastest growing economies over the last two decades, India has struggled to make progress in the health of its children. In this article the author argues that the reason malnutrition persists is not limited to poverty or inadequate access to food; but that a lack of nutritional knowledge amongst families plays a very important role.

Scientific Abstract Objective: Despite a rapidly growing economy and rising income levels in India, improvements in child malnutrition have lagged. Data from the most recent National Family Health Survey reveal that the infant and young child …