Nutrition Commons^™

Dietary Variety: An Overlooked Strategy For Obesity And Chronic Disease Control.Pdf, Maya Vadiveloo, Niyati Parekh

Maya Vadiveloo

No abstract provided.

Dietary Variety Is Inversely Associated With Body Adiposity Among Us Adults Using A Novel Food Diversity Index.Pdf, Maya Vadiveloo, L. Beth Dixon, Tod Mijanovich, Brian Elbel, Niyati Parekh

Maya Vadiveloo

Greater Healthful Food Variety As Measured By The Us Healthy Food Diversity Index Is Associated With Lower Odds Of Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components In Us Adults.Pdf, Maya Vadiveloo, Niyati Parekh, Josiemer Mattei

Maya Vadiveloo

The Human/Animal Interface: Emergence And Resurgence Of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Michael Greger

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are reviewed and the factors underlying disease emergence explored. Anthropogenic changes, largely in land use and agriculture, are implicated in the apparent increased frequency of emergence and reemergence of zoonoses in recent decades. Special emphasis is placed on the pathogen with likely the greatest zoonotic potential, influenzavirus A.

Trends In Dietary Fat And High-Fat Food Intakes From 1991 To 2008 In The Framingham Heart Study Participants.Pdf, Maya Vadiveloo, Marc Scott, Paula Quatromoni, Paul Jacques, Niyati Parekh

Maya Vadiveloo

Development And Evaluation Of The Us Healthy Food Diversity Index.Pdf, Maya Vadiveloo, L. Beth Dixon, Tod Mijanovich, Brian Elbel, Niyati Parekh

Maya Vadiveloo

(Supplemental Tables And Figures) Development And Evaluation Of The Us Healthy Food Diversity Index.Docx, Maya Vadiveloo, L. Beth Dixon, Tod Mijanovich, Brian Elbel, Niyati Parekh

Maya Vadiveloo

No abstract provided.

History Of Fructose Use In Food Products, Jody L. Vogelzang Phd, Rdn, Fand, Ches

Jody L Vogelzang PhD, RDN, FAND, CHES

Food can be classified in ways other than by the nutrients they contain. In today’s fast moving culture, foods are characterized as having “magical” qualities that can turn consumers “superstars”, or reduce them to a less than optimal state of health and wellness. Sugars appear to be one of those vulnerable foodstuffs that can be enjoyed in moderation, but also contribute to the development of Type 2 Diabetes, metabolic syndrome, impaired cognitive function, obesity, and tooth decay .

Dead People Don’T Eat: Food Governmentenomics And Conflicts-Of-Interest In The Usda And Fda, Gabriela Steier

Gabriela Steier

Conflicts of interest permeate the governance of the federal advisory committees that issue recommendations to consumer protection agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and, therefore, American consumers need a federal solution to protect their health from biased recommendations. In order to promote a business-friendly food pyramid, agribusinesses and food industrialists lobby for dietary guidelines to adapt the dietary guidelines illustrated by the food pyramid to boos their sales. The resulting guidelines cause great damage to public health, environmental pollution, and loss of democratic freedoms. As a result, the FDA …

Food Safety Attitudes In College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Of A Conceptual Model, Rachelle Booth, Maggie Hernandez, Erica L. Baker, Tevni Grajales, Peter Pribis

Maggie Hernandez

College students are one of the most at-risk population groups for food poisoning, due to risky food safety behaviors. Using the Likert Scale, undergraduate students were asked to participate in a Food Safety Survey which was completed by 499 students ages 18–25. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Four conceptual definitions regarding food safety were defined as: general food safety, bacterial food safety, produce food safety, and politics associated with food safety. Knowledge seems to be an important factor in shaping students attitudes regarding general and bacterial safety. Ethnicity plays a role in how people view the …

Metabolic Dysregulation Of The Insulin-Glucose Axis And Risk Of Obesity-Related Cancers In The Framingham Heart Study - Offspring Cohort (1971-2008).Pdf, Niyati Parekh, Yong Lin, Maya Vadiveloo, Richard B. Hayes, Grace L. Lu-Yao

Maya Vadiveloo

Associations Between Dietary Variety And Measures Of Body Adiposity: A Systematic Review Of Epidemiological Studies.Pdf, Maya Vadiveloo, L. Beth Dixon, Niyati Parekh

Maya Vadiveloo

History Of Pharmaceuticals And Endocrine Disruptors In The Food And Water Supply, Jody Vogelzang

Jody L Vogelzang PhD, RDN, FAND, CHES

Pure food and water have been legislated in the United Sates since 1906 with the passing of the Pure Food and Drug Act. In spite of regulations and enforcement, unintentional additives are still a part of our food and water supply. This paper addresses the issue of pharmaceutical residues and chemicals which act as endocrine disruptors found in the food and water supply in the US.

Longitudinal Associations Of Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Cancer Mortality In The Third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (1986-2006).Pdf, Niyati Parekh, Yong Lin, Lynette L. Craft, Maya Vadiveloo, Grace L. Lu-Yao

Maya Vadiveloo

Inadequate Feeding Of Infant And Young Children In India: Lack Of Nutritional Information Or Food Affordability?, Nisha Malhotra

Nisha Malhotra

Why does child malnutrition persist in India? Amongst the fastest growing economies over the last two decades, India has struggled to make progress in the health of its children. In this article the author argues that the reason malnutrition persists is not limited to poverty or inadequate access to food; but that a lack of nutritional knowledge amongst families plays a very important role.

Scientific Abstract Objective: Despite a rapidly growing economy and rising income levels in India, improvements in child malnutrition have lagged. Data from the most recent National Family Health Survey reveal that the infant and young child …

Lifestyle, Anthropometric, And Obesity-Related Physiologic Determinants Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 In The Third National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994).Pdf, Niyati Parekh, Calpurnyia B. Roberts, Maya Vadiveloo, Thanusha Puvananayagam, Jeanine Albu, Grace L. Lu-Yao

Maya Vadiveloo

Analysis Of Betaine And Choline Contents Of Aleurone, Bran, And Flour Fractions Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Using 1h Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) Spectroscopy, Stewart F. Graham, James Hollis, Marie Migaud, Roy A. Browne

James Hollis

In conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. Studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. This present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine and choline (1553.44 and 209.80 mg/100 g of sample, respectively). The bran fraction contained 866.94 and 101.95 mg/100 g of sample of betaine and choline, respectively, while the flour fraction contained 23.30 mg/100 g of sample (betaine) and 28.0 mg/100 g of …

Relationship Between Plasma Carotenoids And Prostate Cancer.Pdf, Shine Chang, John W. Erdman, Steven K. Clinton, Maya Vadiveloo, Sara S. Strom, John H. Contois, Xiangjun Gu, Richard J. Babaian, Peter T. Scardino, Stephen D. Hursting

Maya Vadiveloo

Development Of An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa) For Quantification Of Skeletal Muscle Calpastatin, M. E. Doumit, Steven M. Lonergan, J. R. Arbona, J. Killefer, M. Koohmaraie

Steven M. Lonergan

An indirect antibody ELISA was developed for rapid and sensitive quantification of skeletal muscle calpastatin. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against recombinant calpastatin, corresponding to domains 2, 3, and 4 of bovine skeletal muscle calpastatin. Western blot analysis revealed that these antibodies specifically recognize an immunoreactive calpastatin protein of approximately 130 kDa in prerigor skeletal muscle extracts. The intensity of the immunoreactive bands corresponds qualitatively with assayable calpastatin activity. For ELISA development, optimum dilutions of sample, primary anti-calpastatin antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody were determined by titration. A dilution optimum for coating of Immulonâ 4 (Dynatech) plates was observed …

A Muscle Hypertrophy Condition In Lamb (Callipyge): Characterization Of Effects On Muscle Growth And Meat Quality Traits, M. Koohmaraie, S. D. Shackelford, T. L. Wheeler, Steven M. Lonergan, M. E. Doumit

Steven M. Lonergan

The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the callipyge phenotype on traits affecting muscle growth and meat tenderness. Dorset wethers (n = 40) that were either carriers or non-carriers were fed grain and slaughtered at 169 d of age. Callipyge phenotype did not affect ( P > .05) slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, or weights of the heart, spleen, viscera, kidney-pelvic fat, head, and pelt; however, callipyge lambs had a higher dressing percentage and lighter lungs, liver, and kidneys ( P < .01). Callipyge lambs had reduced fat thickness and marbling score and higher leg scores and longissimus area (34%). Adductor (30%), biceps femoris (42%), gluteus group (31%), longissimus (32%), psoas group (20%), quadriceps femoris (18%), semimembranosus (38%), and semitendinosus (26%) weights were higher in the callipyge phenotype ( P < .01); however, phenotype did not affect ( P > .05) weights of infraspinatus or supraspinatus. Longissimus pH and temperature declines were not affected ( P > .05) …

Relationship Of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (Rflp) At The Bovine Calpastatin Locus To Calpastatin Activity And Meat Tenderness, Steven M. Lonergan, C. W. Ernst, M. D. Bishop, C. R. Calkins, M. Koohmaraie

Steven M. Lonergan

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) have been identified at the bovine calpastatin locus. The objective of the present study was to determine whether these polymorphisms are related to variations in calpastatin activity or beef tenderness in unrelated animals of mixed breeding. A sample of 83 crossbred steers from sires representing eight different breeds was examined to determine this relationship. A 2.2-kb cDNA coding for domains 2 through 4 plus a 3¢ untranslated region of bovine skeletal muscle calpastatin was used as a probe for calpastatin RFLP. Polymorphisms were found using the restriction enzymes BamHI and EcoRI. Polymorphic restriction fragments for …

Temporal Response Of Rabbits To B-Adrenergic Agonist Feeding: Tissue Weight, Calpain And Calpastatin Activities, And Nucleic Acid And Protein Concentration, T. D. Pringle, Steven M. Lonergan, C. R. Calkins, S. J. Jones, P. S. Miller, M. Koohmaraie

Steven M. Lonergan

Forty-eight crossbred rabbits were used in three replications of a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement to investigate the short-term responses of tissue accretion, calpains and calpastatin activity, and nucleic acid and protein concentrations to 6- adrenergic agonist (BAA) feeding. Rabbits were fed a 17% CP diet with or without 7 ppm of L644,969 and slaughtered after 1, 4, 8, or 16 d of treatment. Empty body dressing percentage and biceps femoris weight (as a percentage of empty body weight [EBWI) were significantly higher in the treated rabbits than in the controls after 16 d of treatment. Heart and liver weights …

Comparative Response Of Swine And Rats To High Fiber Or High Protein Diets, James S. Dickson

James S. Dickson

Twenty-four growing swine and 24 growing rats were fed high-protein (34%) diets on an ad libimm basis to determine their effects on body weight, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiological profile and visceral organ weights. High dietary fiber reduced body weight gain and gain:feed ratio in both swine and rats and decreased body famess in swine; it increased relative kidney weight (percentage of body weight) in both swine and rats and decreased relative liver weight in rats but increased it in swine. Absolute weights of stomach and large intestine were unaffected by high fiber in either species, but relative weight of small …