Nutrition Commons^™

Whole Egg Consumption Impairs Insulin Sensitivity In Rat Model Of Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes, Cassondra J. Saande, Megan A. Steffes, Joseph L. Webb, Rudy J. Valentine, Matthew J. Rowling, Kevin Schalinske

Rudy Valentine

Background: The literature regarding the relation between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent and there is limited evidence pertaining to the impact of egg consumption on measures of insulin sensitivity. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary whole egg on metabolic biomarkers of insulin resistance in T2D rats. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cdn/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cdn/nzz015/5374517 by Iowa State University user on 28 March 2019 Methods: Male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (n=12; 6 wk of age) and their lean controls (n=12; 6 wk of age) were randomly assigned to a casein- or whole egg-based diet. At …

Health And Fitness Professionals’ Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors Toward Dietary Supplements., Gina H. Blunt, Kristi M. King

Kristi King

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On The Iron Status Of College Athletes, Jocelyn Johnson, Danielle Burke, Matthew Vukovich, Kendra Kattelmann

Matthew Vukovich

The purpose of this study was to determine whether weekly supplementation with nine ounces of prepackaged lean beef sticks could maintain the iron status of college endurance athletes. Thirty-four college endurance athletes (20 female, 14 male) were stratified by sex, baseline serum ferritin concentration, and use of iron supplements, and randomized into an intervention (n = 18) or control (n = 16) group. The participants in the intervention group supplemented their usual diet with nine ounces of prepackaged lean beef sticks per week and a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement containing 18 mg iron. The participants in the control group consumed their …

Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On Iron Status, Body Composition And Performance Of Collegiate Distance Runners, Danielle E. Burke, Jocelyn V. Johnson, Matthew D. Vukovich, Kendra K. Kattelmann 6884045

Matthew Vukovich

Iron deficiency is prevalent among endurance athletes, particularly females. Low iron may compromise oxygen delivery and physical performance. Vegetarianism, desire for convenience, and perceived health risks associated with red meat contribute to low bioavailable iron intakes. The purpose of this study was to examine if lean beef supplementation would maintain iron status, improve body composition and increase performance of distance runners after 8 weeks. Twenty-eight (14 female) Division-I cross-country runners were stratified by iron status, use of iron supplements, and gender, and randomized into a control (n = 14) and intervention group. All participants maintained their typical diet and consumed …

The Effect Of Six Days Of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation On Performance In Trained Crossfit Athletes, Samuel J. Kramer, Daniel A. Baur, Maria T. Spicer, Matthew D. Vukovich

Matthew Vukovich

Background: While it is well established that dietary nitrate reduces the metabolic cost of exercise, recent evidence suggests this effect is maintained 24 h following the final nitrate dose when plasma nitrite levels have returned to baseline. In addition, acute dietary nitrate was recently reported to enhance peak power production. Our purpose was to examine whether chronic dietary nitrate supplementation enhanced peak power 24 h following the final dose and if this impacted performance in a heavily power-dependent sport. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, maximal aerobic capacity, body composition, strength, maximal power (30 s Wingate), endurance (2 km …

Changes In Dietary Patterns And Body Composition Within 12 Months Of Liver Transplantation, Mccoy Simone, Katrina Campbell, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Matthew P. Wallen, Jonathan Fawcett, Maree Jarrett, Graeme A. Macdonald, Ingrid J. Hickman

Katrina Campbell

Background:

Cardiometabolic risk factors are increasing in liver transplant recipients (LTR). Influencing dietary factors have not been assessed. The aim of this observational study was to assess changes in weight, metabolic function, dietary intake and eating behaviours in the first year after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Methods:

Consecutive recruitment of 17 patients (14 males) awaiting OLT at a single tertiary hospital. Dietary intake, food behaviours and anthropometry were recorded at baseline, and 6 and 12 months post-transplant.

Results:

By 12 months, patients had gained on average 7.3% of body weight. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased from baseline 53% …

Dietary Fibre Modification In The Recovery And Prevention Of Reoccurrence Of Acute, Uncomplicated Diverticulitis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Camilla Dahl, Megan Crichton, Julie Jenkins, Romina Nucera, Sophie Mahoney, Skye Marshall

Skye Marshall

Title on the Conference Program:

"The effect of dietary fibre modification and bowel rest on patient and health care outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute, uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis"

The Malnutrition Screening Tool In Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Comparison Of Validity When Completed By Health Professionals With And Without Malnutrition Screening Training Has Implications For Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring

Liz Isenring

Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring

Skye Marshall

Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring

Ekta Agarwal

Why Is The Skeleton Still In The Hospital Closet? A Look At The Complex Aetiology Of Protein-Energy Malnutrition And Its Implications For The Nutrition Care Team, Skye Marshall

Skye Marshall

A Pilot Study To Assess The Feasibility, Safety And Acceptability Of Soy-Based Diet For Pregnant Women At High Risk For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Ling Shi, Vidya Iyer, Emily Jones, Tiffany A. Moore Simas, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Laura L. Hayman

Laura L. Hayman

Background: Diet plays an important role in the prevention and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Previous studies suggest that soy protein and isoflavones may have beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Little is known regarding the cardiometabolic effects of soy intake during pregnancy. This pilot study assessed the feasibility, safety and acceptability of daily consumption of soy foods during pregnancy in women at high risk for GDM, and participant adherence to their assigned treatment.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted among pregnant women at high risk for GDM. The Soy group were counseled to consume a …

Exploring The Connection Between Community Food Security Initiatives And Social-Cognitive Factors On Dietary Intake, Diana Cuy Castellanos, Josh Keller, Emma Majchrzak

Diana Cuy Castellanos

Food insecurity and poor dietary consumption continue to impact low-income populations in the U.S. However, communities are developing ways to address it at the local level. Community Food Security Initiatives (CFSI) focus on increasing a sustainable, healthy food supply and food system while addressing food insecurity and dietary quality within a community.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) explore CFSIs in low-income areas in a metropolitan Midwest city and (2) examine the effects of the initiatives along with other social-cognitive factors on fruit and vegetable consumption in persons participating in local CFSIs.

This was a mixed-methods study. First, …

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd

Franklin D. Shuler

Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation of …

Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger

Rae Thomas

Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …

Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger

Liz Isenring

Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …

Malnourished Older Adults With Informal Caregivers Admitted To Rural Rehabilitation Units Remain Malnourished During And After Rehabilitation: A Prospective Cohort Study Of Current Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

Understanding the nutritional journey older adults make from rehabilitation to home may help to engage and support the patient and their informal caregiver during this process. This study aimed to determine the change in nutritional status, physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst malnourished older adults (≥65years) with informal caregivers admitted to rural rehabilitation and 12 weeks post-discharge to the community.

Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

No abstract provided.

Malnourished Older Adults Admitted To Rehabilitation In Rural New South Wales Remain Malnourished Throughout Rehabilitation And Once Discharged Back To The Community: A Prospective Cohort Study, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Elizabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

No abstract provided.

Malnutrition In Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, Patient Outcomes And Criterion Validity Of The Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (Pg-Sga) And The Mini Nutritional Assessment (Mna), Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Judith Bauer, Liz Isenring

Skye Marshall

There is strong evidence showing malnutrition is under-recognized and underdiagnosed in the rehabilitation setting. Accurate identification and management of malnutrition is essential so that patient outcomes may be improved and resources used efficaciously.The Scored PG-SGA and MNA require evaluation of their validity in diagnosing malnutrition in rehabilitation. In addition, the prevalence of malnutrition and associated patient outcomes in rural Australian populations has not been reported.

Reliability Of Bod Pod Measurements Remain High Following A Short Duration Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Beau Greer, Kathleen Edsall (Alumna), Anna Greer

Anna E. Greer

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether expected changes in body weight via a three day low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet will disrupt the reliability of air displacement plethysmography measurements via BOD POD. Twenty-four subjects recorded their typical diets for three days prior to BOD POD and seven-site skinfold analyses. Subjects were matched for lean body mass and divided into low-CHO (LC) and control (CON) groups. The LC group was given instruction intended to prevent over 50 grams/day of carbohydrate consumption for three consecutive days, while the CON group replicated their previously recorded diet. Body composition measurements were repeated …

The Malnutrition Screening Tool In Geriatric Rehabilitation: A Comparison Of Validity When Completed By Health Professionals With And Without Malnutrition Screening Training Has Implications For Practice, Skye Marshall, Adrienne Young, Elizabeth Isenring

Liz Isenring

The “Babe” Vegetarians: Bioethics, Animal Minds And Moral Methodology, Nathan Nobis

Nathan M. Nobis, PhD

Here I discuss the role the film “Babe” has played in helping people address these challenges and make this moral progress. It is thought that a significant number of young people (mostly girls, now young women) became vegetarians due to their seeing “Babe.” These people are often called “Babe Vegetarians,” influence by what has been called “The Babe Effect.” Many of their stories are found on the internet.

Geriatric Nutrition, Robert Barraco

Robert D Barraco MD, MPH

No abstract provided.

Introduction: A Changing Indonesia, Maribeth Erb, Kathleen M. Adams

Kathleen M. Adams

No abstract provided.

Consensus-Based Nutritional Recommendations For Patients With Head-And-Neck Cancer, Elizabeth Isenring

Liz Isenring

Extract: Patients with head-and-neck cancer constitute one of the diagnostic groups that most commonly experience deterioration of nutrition status. Malnutrition in patients with head-and-neck cancer is well known to potentially result in impaired wound healing, reduced immunocompetence, and decreased tolerance to treatment—and thus undesired treatment breaks and unplanned hospital admissions.

The Human/Animal Interface: Emergence And Resurgence Of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Michael Greger

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

Emerging infectious diseases, most of which are considered zoonotic in origin, continue to exact a significant toll on society. The origins of major human infectious diseases are reviewed and the factors underlying disease emergence explored. Anthropogenic changes, largely in land use and agriculture, are implicated in the apparent increased frequency of emergence and reemergence of zoonoses in recent decades. Special emphasis is placed on the pathogen with likely the greatest zoonotic potential, influenzavirus A.

The Consequences Of Malnutrition Following Discharge From Rehabilitation To The Community: A Systematic Review Of Current Evidence In Older Adults, Skye Marshall, Judith Bauer, Elisabeth Isenring

Skye Marshall

Dietary Treatment For Epilepsy, Margaret Rebecca Sinclair

Margaret R.Sinclair

Dietary treatments for epilepsy have been used since the early 1920s, however, the use of these treatments has been replaced by anticonvulsant drugs. In the past ten years there has been a reemergence of the use of dietary treatments for epilepsy. These dietary treatments are referred to as Ketogenic Diets. There are three types of ketone diets: Classic Ketogenic Diet (KD), Medium-chain-triglyceride Ketogenic Diet (MTC), and the Modified Atkins Diet (MAD). Theses dietary treatment utilize a high-fat, adequate protein and very low carbohydrates diet to control seizures. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of dietary …