Nutrition Commons^™

Socio-Ecological Barriers To Dry Grain Pulse Consumption Among Low-Income Women: A Mixed Methods Approach, Shelly M. Palmer, Donna M. Winham, Ann M. Oberhauser, Ruth E. Litchfield

Ann Oberhauser

The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-ecological influences on dry grain pulse consumption (beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas) among low-socioeconomic women in Iowa. Seven focus groups were conducted, with 36 women who qualified for income-based federal assistance. Data were collected from October 2017 to January 2018. Participants completed a survey that gathered individual demographics, assessed perceptions of dry grain pulses, and level of food security. Fifty-eight percent of the women were non-Hispanic white, and 39% were African American, all with an average age of 34.7 years. Thirty-three percent of the women consumed pulses less than once per week. …

Whole Egg Consumption Impairs Insulin Sensitivity In Rat Model Of Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes, Cassondra J. Saande, Megan A. Steffes, Joseph L. Webb, Rudy J. Valentine, Matthew J. Rowling, Kevin Schalinske

Rudy Valentine

Background: The literature regarding the relation between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent and there is limited evidence pertaining to the impact of egg consumption on measures of insulin sensitivity. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary whole egg on metabolic biomarkers of insulin resistance in T2D rats. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cdn/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/cdn/nzz015/5374517 by Iowa State University user on 28 March 2019 Methods: Male Zucker diabetic fatty rats (n=12; 6 wk of age) and their lean controls (n=12; 6 wk of age) were randomly assigned to a casein- or whole egg-based diet. At …

Obat Herbal Manjur Untuk Mengobati Kutil Kelamin, Palgunadi Ekalaya

palgunadi ekalaya

The Effects Of Lean Beef Supplementation On The Iron Status Of College Athletes, Jocelyn Johnson, Danielle Burke, Matthew Vukovich, Kendra Kattelmann

Matthew Vukovich

The purpose of this study was to determine whether weekly supplementation with nine ounces of prepackaged lean beef sticks could maintain the iron status of college endurance athletes. Thirty-four college endurance athletes (20 female, 14 male) were stratified by sex, baseline serum ferritin concentration, and use of iron supplements, and randomized into an intervention (n = 18) or control (n = 16) group. The participants in the intervention group supplemented their usual diet with nine ounces of prepackaged lean beef sticks per week and a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement containing 18 mg iron. The participants in the control group consumed their …

Changes In Dietary Patterns And Body Composition Within 12 Months Of Liver Transplantation, Mccoy Simone, Katrina Campbell, Annie-Claude Lassemillante, Matthew P. Wallen, Jonathan Fawcett, Maree Jarrett, Graeme A. Macdonald, Ingrid J. Hickman

Katrina Campbell

Background:

Cardiometabolic risk factors are increasing in liver transplant recipients (LTR). Influencing dietary factors have not been assessed. The aim of this observational study was to assess changes in weight, metabolic function, dietary intake and eating behaviours in the first year after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

Methods:

Consecutive recruitment of 17 patients (14 males) awaiting OLT at a single tertiary hospital. Dietary intake, food behaviours and anthropometry were recorded at baseline, and 6 and 12 months post-transplant.

Results:

By 12 months, patients had gained on average 7.3% of body weight. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased from baseline 53% …

Dietary Patterns And Their Association With Hypertension Among Pakistani Urban Adults, Nilofer F. Safdar, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Lorraine Cordeiro, Tazeen H. Jafar, Nancy L. Cohen

Lorraine Cordeiro

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting more than 25% of adults worldwide. In Pakistan, 33% of the adult population suffers from hypertension. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated the critical role of dietary patterns in the causation, prevention and management of hypertension. There’s a dearth of evidence from South Asia in this regard. The present study aimed to identify the association between dietary patterns and hypertension among 4304 low income urban adults who participated in the Control of Blood Pressure and Risk Attenuation (COBRA) study in Karachi, Pakistan. Dietary information was collected by a 33- item food …

Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring

Liz Isenring

Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring

Skye Marshall

Role Of Domiciliary And Family Carers In Individualised Nutrition Support For Older Adults Living In The Community, Skye Marshall, Ekta Agarwal, Adrienne Young, Liz Isenring

Ekta Agarwal

Why Is The Skeleton Still In The Hospital Closet? A Look At The Complex Aetiology Of Protein-Energy Malnutrition And Its Implications For The Nutrition Care Team, Skye Marshall

Skye Marshall

A Pilot Study To Assess The Feasibility, Safety And Acceptability Of Soy-Based Diet For Pregnant Women At High Risk For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Ling Shi, Vidya Iyer, Emily Jones, Tiffany A. Moore Simas, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Laura L. Hayman

Laura L. Hayman

Background: Diet plays an important role in the prevention and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Previous studies suggest that soy protein and isoflavones may have beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Little is known regarding the cardiometabolic effects of soy intake during pregnancy. This pilot study assessed the feasibility, safety and acceptability of daily consumption of soy foods during pregnancy in women at high risk for GDM, and participant adherence to their assigned treatment.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted among pregnant women at high risk for GDM. The Soy group were counseled to consume a …

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone) Supplementation And Its Benefits In Cardiovascular Disease, Osteoporosis, And Cancer, Grant S. Buchanan, Md, Thomas Melvin, Brandon Merritt, Charles Bishop, Md, Franklin D. Shuler, Md, Phd

Franklin D. Shuler

Vitamin K is known to play an essential role in the coagulation cascade; however, a growing body of research has found that a subtype of this vitamin, vitamin K2 (menaquinone) may have a beneficial effect in osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of recent literature regarding menaquinone and its role in human health. This review discusses the physiology of menaquinone, its clinical benefits in cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer, and how it may interact with certain medications. The authors conclude that menaquinone supplementation has been shown to improve carboxylation of …

Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger

Rae Thomas

Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …

Process Evaluation Of A Patient-Centred, Patientdirected, Group-Based Education Program For The Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Kate Odgers-Jewell, Elisabeth Isenring, Rae Thomas, Dianne P Reidlinger

Liz Isenring

Aim: The present study developed and evaluated a patient-centred, patient-directed, group-based education program for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Two frameworks, the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and the RE-AIM framework were followed. Data to develop the intervention were sourced from scoping of the literature and formative evaluation. Program evaluation comprised analysis of primary recruitment of participants through general practitioners, baseline and end-point measures of anthropometry, four validated questionnaires, contemporaneous facilitator notes and telephone interviews with participants. Results: A total of 16 participants enrolled in the intervention. Post-intervention results were obtained …

Transgenesis In Animal Agriculture: Addressing Animal Health And Welfare Concerns, Michael Greger

Michael Greger, MD, FACLM

The US Food and Drug Administration’s final Guidance for Industry on the regulation of transgenesis in animal agriculture has paved the way for the commercialization of genetically engineered (GE) farm animals. The production-related diseases associated with extant breeding technologies are reviewed, as well as the predictable welfare consequences of continued emphasis on prolificacy at the potential expense of physical fitness. Areas in which biotechnology could be used to improve the welfare of animals while maintaining profitability are explored along with regulatory schema to improve agency integration in GE animal oversight.

The Independent Association Between Diet Quality And Body Composition, Clemens Drenowatz, Robin Shook, Gregory A. Hand, James R. Hebert, Steven N. Blair

Robin Shook

Excess body weight is associated with an imbalance between energy expenditure and dietary intake but evidence on the association between diet quality and body composition remains equivocal. Rather than relying on differences in diet quality between overweight/obese and normal weight adults, this study examined the association between the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and body fatness on a continuous scale, independent of physical activity (PA). Further the association between components of the HEI-2010 and risk for overweight/obesity was explored. 407 adults (27.6 6 3.7 years) provided at least two 24-hour diet recalls over a period of 14 days, which were …

Dietary Treatment For Epilepsy, Margaret Rebecca Sinclair

Margaret R.Sinclair

Dietary treatments for epilepsy have been used since the early 1920s, however, the use of these treatments has been replaced by anticonvulsant drugs. In the past ten years there has been a reemergence of the use of dietary treatments for epilepsy. These dietary treatments are referred to as Ketogenic Diets. There are three types of ketone diets: Classic Ketogenic Diet (KD), Medium-chain-triglyceride Ketogenic Diet (MTC), and the Modified Atkins Diet (MAD). Theses dietary treatment utilize a high-fat, adequate protein and very low carbohydrates diet to control seizures. The purpose of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of dietary …

Top 10 Research Questions Related To Energy Balance, Robin P. Shook, Gregory A. Hand, Steven N. Blair

Robin Shook

Obesity is the result of a mismatch between the amount of calories consumed and the amount of calories expended during an extended period of time. This relationship is described by the energy balance equation, which states the rate of change in energy storage depots in the body are equal to the rate of energy intake minus the rate of energy expenditure. Although this relationship may appear easy to understand based on simple mathematics, in reality, a variety of known and unknown systems influence the components of energy balance (energy storage, energy intake, energy expenditure). Clearly, if a complete understanding of …

Systematic Review Of Diet Quality Indices And Their Associations With Health-Related Outcomes In Children And Adolescents

Skye Marshall

Covalent Immobilization Of Lysozyme On Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Films For Nonmigrating Antimicrobial Packaging Applications, V. Muriel-Galet, Joey N. Talbert, P. Hernandez-Munoz, R. Gavara, J. M. Goddard

Joey Talbert

The objective of this study was to develop a new antimicrobial film, in which lysozyme was covalently attached onto two different ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH 29 and EVOH 44). The EVOH surface was modified with UV irradiation treatment to generate carboxylic acid groups, and lysozyme was covalently attached to the functionalized polymer surface. Surface characterization of control and modified films was performed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and dye assay. The value of protein loading after attachment on the surface was 8.49 μg protein/cm2 and 5.74 μg protein/cm2 for EVOH 29 and EVOH 44, respectively, …

Educational Needs Asessment And Practices Of Grocery Store Food Handlers Through Survey And Observational Data Collection, Lynn A. Robertson, Renee R. Boyer, Benjamin J. Chapman, Joseph D. Eifert, Nancy K. Franz

Nancy K. Franz

Grocery store associates in deli/bakery departments prepare and serve an increasing number of ready-to eat (RTE) foods and full meals. The shift to more convenience foods and take-home meals highlights the need for effective food safety training programs in retail grocery establishments to prevent foodborne illness. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, food safety knowledge, training preferences, needs, and current practices of grocery stores deli/bakery food handlers in Southwest and Southern Virginia were explored. Deli employees (n ¼ 78) completed a 34 question survey eliciting information on demographics, food safety training needs, preferences and knowledge. In an additional phase of this …

Method And System For Lactose-Free Or Lactose-Reduced Milk And Associated Products, Production Thereof, And Associated Processes, Joseph H. Hotchkiss, Joey Talbert

Joey Talbert

A system and method capable of hydrolyzing lactose, where the system includes a support formed from a functionalized hydrophobic polymer that is covalently linked to a hydrophilic molecule covalently that is, in turn, covalently linked to an enzyme such as lactose. The method includes the steps of functionalizing a hydrophobic polymer support, covalently linking a hydrophilic molecule to said functionalized polymer support, and covalently linking an enzyme such as lactase to said hydrophilic molecule. The system and method generally relate to the field of food science and engineering and, more particularly to dairy-based food products and their production including solutions …

Commensal Microbiotica - Biological Frontier And Legal Challenge, Kenneth L. Sanders Md

Kenneth L Sanders MD

Recent advances in bacteriology and medical science affirm that the commensal relationship between surface microbial flora and the human host is intricate and important. Legal theory has thus far lagged behind the impact of the medical discoveries.

Dead People Don’T Eat: Food Governmentenomics And Conflicts-Of-Interest In The Usda And Fda, Gabriela Steier

Gabriela Steier

Conflicts of interest permeate the governance of the federal advisory committees that issue recommendations to consumer protection agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and, therefore, American consumers need a federal solution to protect their health from biased recommendations. In order to promote a business-friendly food pyramid, agribusinesses and food industrialists lobby for dietary guidelines to adapt the dietary guidelines illustrated by the food pyramid to boos their sales. The resulting guidelines cause great damage to public health, environmental pollution, and loss of democratic freedoms. As a result, the FDA …

Letter From The Editor (Vices And Virtue), Kiran Kanti Patel

Kiran Kanti Patel, Esq.

No abstract provided.

Inadequate Feeding Of Infant And Young Children In India: Lack Of Nutritional Information Or Food Affordability?, Nisha Malhotra

Nisha Malhotra

Why does child malnutrition persist in India? Amongst the fastest growing economies over the last two decades, India has struggled to make progress in the health of its children. In this article the author argues that the reason malnutrition persists is not limited to poverty or inadequate access to food; but that a lack of nutritional knowledge amongst families plays a very important role.

Scientific Abstract Objective: Despite a rapidly growing economy and rising income levels in India, improvements in child malnutrition have lagged. Data from the most recent National Family Health Survey reveal that the infant and young child …

Phaseolus Beans: Impact On Glycaemic Response And Chronic Disease Risk In Human Subjects, Andrea M. Hutchins, Donna M. Winham, Sharon V. Thompson

Donna Winham

Consumption of Phaseolus vulgaris bean species such as pinto, black, navy or kidney may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. In particular, conditions that are promoted by increased glycaemic stress (hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia) including diabetes, CVD and cancer seem to be reduced in individuals who eat more of these beans. The present paper discusses the influence of P. vulgaris species on glycaemic response and the impact that relationship may have on the risk of developing diabetes, CVD and cancer.

Perceptions Of Flatulence From Bean Consumption Among Adults In 3 Feeding Studies, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins

Donna Winham

Background: Many consumers avoid eating beans because they believe legume consumption will cause excessive intestinal gas or flatulence. An increasing body of research and the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans supports the benefits of a plant-based diet, and legumes specifically, in the reduction of chronic disease risks. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the perception of increased flatulence and gastrointestinal discomfort among participants who consumed a ½ cup of beans daily for 8 or 12 weeks. Methods: Participants in three studies to test the effects of beans on heart disease biomarkers completed the same weekly questionnaire to …

Using Alternative Flours As Partial Replacement In Barbari Bread (Traditional Iranian Bread) Formulation, Shirin Pourafshar, Padmanaban G. Krishnan, Kurt A. Rosentrater

Kurt A. Rosentrater

Since cereals and cereal-based products are a cheap source of energy, they are highly consumed in all of countries. Wheat is the major cereal, consumed in different food products, especially bread. Today, whole wheat flour is being consumed in most of the breads because of its nutrient components but still different problems are associated with this flour, such as allergies and loss of nutrient components due to milling and refining. Thus, to find different sources to fortify products made with wheat flour as their major ingredient, especially bread is important. In this study, five different flours (20% of each flour …

Cost-Effectiveness Model For Youth Efnep Programs: What Do We Measure And How Do We Do It?, Elena Serrano, Mary Mcferren, Michael Lambur, Michael Ellerbock, Kathy Hosig, Nancy K. Franz, Marilyn Townsend, Susan Baker, Peter Muennig, George Davis

Nancy K. Franz

The Youth Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) is one of the United States Department of Agriculture's hallmark nutrition education programs for limited-resource youth. The objective of this study was to gather opinions from experts in EFNEP and related content areas to identify costs, effects (impacts), and related instruments to develop a cost-effectiveness model (instrument) for youth EFNEP, which does not exist. A cost-effectiveness model determines the economic or financial cost of producing an impact. The findings highlight several challenges in identifying inputs through consensus and provide a roadmap for the creation of a model that can be adopted …