Place and Environment Commons^™

田桂荣工作介绍 = Introduction Of Tian Guirong, Guirong Tian

South South Forum 南南論壇

2002年5月，新乡市环保志愿者协会正式成立，十年来，我们带领广大环保志愿者，以大力开展“保护母亲河”活动和拓展壮大环保志愿者队伍相结合为奋斗目标，为提升公众环保意识和推动民间环保事业开展了卓有成效的工作

2008年，我在北京参加中国人民大学举办的环保论坛，接触到了社区支持农业CSA项目，此后，我便开始寻找合适的区域来实施CSA项目。三年来，在各位领导朋友的帮助下，多次邀请专家规划生态园建设，确定了翔实的建设计划，目前已经初步建成一个林木环抱、自然植被丰富，生态结构、生物多样性保持完整的生态农庄。通过从事社区支持农业CAS项目，我们开创了农业生态建设的一条新路。特别是让广大青少年学生参加CSA健康有益的体验，对于丰富孩子们的课外生活，培养孩子的劳动意识与热爱大自然的情怀起到了积极的作用。

从环境角度来说，这里也是发展生态农业园的理想区域。无论男女老少，既可以在这里收获健康的身体又能够获得心灵上的愉悦。

在今后的工作中，我们将继续秉承“支持生态农业、发展绿色消费、促进城乡互助”的理念，借鉴国内外社区支持农业经验，立足于农村丰富的土地、劳动力资源，在先进的生态农业技术和传统的农耕技术的结合下，努力打造一个以生产、休闲、教育为特色的生态农业观光园。

In May, 2002, the Xin Xiang Environmental Volunteer Association was founded. Since then, with the goal of developing the “ProtectingMotherRiver” campaign as well as increasing the number of volunteers enrolled, we have leaded a lot of volunteers to evoke the public’s awareness of environmental preservation, and facilitated non-governmental environmental protection activities.

In2008, I attended a conference about environmental preservation held by Renmin University . During the conference, I learned the CSA program for the very first time. Since then, I started trying to find a suitable area to execute CSA program. During the following three years, …

程炜及大宁县程炜扶贫开发有限公司介绍, Wei Cheng

South South Forum 南南論壇

个人简历

程炜，女，1950年6月日出生在河北省武邑县。

Chengwei, female, June 3rd, 1950 born in Wuyi County, Hebei Province.

1956年因家乡发大水,随父母来到北京。

In 1956, she moved to Beijing with her parents because of flood.

1968年到山西省汾西县城关公社马沟大队插队。

In 1968, as educated youth, she left Beijing and worked in Magou production team, Chengguan Commune, Fenxi County, Shanxi Province.

1972年被推荐上了清华大学化工系高分子专业。

In 1972, she was recommended to study at Tsinghua University, majoring in Polymer Science

1976年1月被学校分配到燕山石化化工研究所，同时接到山西省汾西县委的邀请书，放弃了在北京工作的机会，回到了曾经插队的汾西县。

In 1976, on graduation, she was assigned to Yanshan Petrochemical Institute of Chemical Engineering. At the same time, she was invited by Fenxi County to return. She decided to give up the precious opportunity to work in …

王殿敏与王老兴粮食专业合作社简介, Dianmin Wang

South South Forum 南南論壇

王殿敏：

王殿敏，56岁，安徽阜南县柴集镇王老兴粮食专业合作社及妇女手工艺小组发起人。“全球千名妇女争评2005年诺贝尔和平奖”被提名人之一。她为了改变自己和村民的命运，先后建立了老年人协会、文艺演出队、王老兴粮食专业合作社。她带领村民学习法律政策并开展合法维权，发动大家集体出工修平了王老村的路，组织妇女们制作传统的手工千层底布鞋并在公益机构的协助下向城市推广。这样不仅改善了村民的生活又延续了中国灿烂的手工艺文化。

几十年来，王殿敏亲身经历了中国农村社会的种种变迁，仍然用最大的坚韧与勇气克服着各种阻力在艰难的乡村建设道路上前进着。

王老兴粮食专业合作社简介

王老兴粮食专业合作社位于安徽省阜南县柴集镇，2003年由王殿敏组织的老年人协会和文艺演出队发展而来。在2007年11月正式注册成立为合作社。合作社建立的目的是为了确保当地村民能够相对方便地买到各种农资，促进农活开展，服务于群众。现今合作社成员有300—400人，占整个村庄的1/5以上。该合作社经过民主选举的方式产生了会长，副会长，会计等一共7人的理事会，同时为了该合作社能够民主、平等、和谐地运作又设立了监事会，一共3人。

针对村民的不同需求，合作社采取不同的对策，比如，春节村民需要鞭炮就购入合格的鞭炮；春忙和秋收时节需要种子、化肥和农药，都会保质保量而且以合适的价格购入货物，节省村民的时间和发动村民的集体行动，让村民能够更好的进行农业生产。

合作社也会在村民的生活方面给予关心和照顾。村民们会互相了解对方农活的轻与重，互相帮助，合作社方面也会了解他们的生活和难处，达到互相关心，互相体谅，团结一心共同生活的和谐状态，拉近彼此的距离。

合作社会组织社员去邻近的村庄进行文化宣传和文艺表演，让各个村庄之间互相了解与交流。合作社也经常得到乡村建设志愿者的帮助，从2009年至今，在中国滋根乡村教育与发展促进会的支持下，与全球和平妇女中国办事处一起开展了传统手工艺及健康饮食的项目。合作社负责人王殿敏及妇女骨干代表多次到北京、山西等地进行学习、交流。妇女们的手工千层底布鞋在北京等地由志愿者协助义卖。大学生志愿者也到村庄进行访谈，记录了传统布鞋和当地传统食物的制作方法和制作者的故事，继承和推广了具有地方特色的传统手工艺文化。

工农社区大学与互助教育建设, Jiansheng Qiu

South South Forum 南南論壇

今天世界的一个根本问题在于，资本主义“适者生存”的竞争逻辑被运用到了社会的各个方面，其中包括教育。中国教育在这一逻辑下走向产业化，从此乱象丛生，教育在城乡之间，在地区之间造成了严重的不平等，而单一的全球化知识系统则窒息了这个社会。所以，探讨以在地化知识系统的重构为基础的互助型经济、教育系统的构建成了摆在我们面前的迫切任务。福建乡村建设与平民教育团队自五年前开始进行工农社区大学的建设，分别在沿海工业区及内地农村设立社区大学，进行知识的再生产和传播，希望以互助教育的建设为纽带，构建互助型而非斗争型的社会生态。互助教育系统倡导“三平主义”与“三民主义”的教育，即平等的新民教育，公平的民生教育，和平的民权教育。

新工人文化教育及组织建设, Heng Sun

South South Forum 南南論壇

一、中国新工人三亿人群历史及现状

1、中国改革开放、城市化、工业化的三十年也是中国新工人群体形成的三十年

2、三亿新工人、一亿新生代工人、八千万流动留守儿童，回不去的乡村，待不下的城市，迷失流动在城乡之间

3、中国新工人阶级形成的三个条件：自在阶级、阶级意识、自我组织

二、新工人文化教育

1、打工子女教育

2、劳工教育

3、工人文化

三、新工人组织建设

1、工人社区组织

2、劳工NGO组织

3、工人组织网络

四、城乡互助

1、城市的工人组织

2、农村的农民组织

3、城乡互助

中国滋根乡村教育与发展促进会简介, Lei Liu

South South Forum 南南論壇

中国滋根乡村教育与发展促进会（以下简称“中国滋根”）成立于1995年，是在国家民政部正式登记的全国性、非营利性社会团体。

中国滋根的宗旨，是支持以人为中心、可持续的发展。

中国滋根支持的对象，是中国贫困农村的农民，以及在城市里艰难谋生的农民工。

支持的重点是人的基本需求，包括基础教育、成人教育、基本医疗卫生、小型经济文化项目和环境保护技术的推广。

“一校一村”：村校互动，打造乡村综合发展参与平台

自2009年以来，中国滋根在长期支持乡村教育与乡村发展的基础之上，从“项目合理布局、资金适度集中、长期扎根基层、立足能力建设”出发，开发了“一校一村”项目群实施计划。

“一校一村”项目“以学校为中心，以村庄为基础”。重视乡村小学作为村庄的中心、社区的公共空间、乡土文化和民族文化传承的平台所起到的重要作用，也是对中国自2001年以来实施的“撤点并校”政策进行的反思，以及就如何保留并建设乡村小学进行多元化的尝试，并就“撤点并校”政策的改进进行试点和政策倡导。

“一校一村”项目以教育为切入点，注重整合学校、社区和家庭的教育功能，鼓励村民和学生家长参与到学校发展中来，组织“家长—教师”协会参与学校发展事务，开展乡土文化进课堂，并在学校基础设施建设中投工投劳。继而鼓励村民和学生家长参与到村庄的其他公共事务中，如村庄垃圾处理、道路修建、乡村文艺队、小型合作经济、合作社建设等。

“一校一村”项目强调村民的能力建设，并为村民提供多样化的学习渠道和交流机会。开展不同省份项目点的互访、不同地区发展经验的交流以及参加各种有关乡村发展的交流会；同时和各级政府部分、各类培训机构合作，直接到村，解决村庄生活生产发展难题。

“一校一村”项目从学校教育、成人教育出发，向基本医疗卫生、小型经济文化项目和环境保护技术的推广迈进，使得项目种类更加多样化，项目内容更加切合当地的特点和需要。其中较为关键的就是让当地人自己去发现问题，讨论解决问题的方法，并一起行动起来去促进问题的解决。

“一校一村”项目都是由由当地人提出申请、提出解决方案。中国滋根工作人员所起到的作用就是和当地人一起发现问题，找到切实有效的解决问题的思路，参与当地项目的实施，总结乡村可持续发展的经验。

“一校一村”项目注重和地方各级政府部门的合作，注重各方社会公益力量的参与，从而打造一个乡村综合发展的参与平台，对公益力量和社会资源进行有效整合，推动城乡互动、村校互动、村民互动，从而促进着村庄的综合发展。

我社资金互助的几大好处和运作时应该注意的问题 = Some Benefits And Running Problems Of Our Financial Cooperative, Shuxia Wang

South South Forum 南南論壇

一.确实能解决社员的现实问题，比如：1.春天的种子，夏天的水肥问题。2.孩子上学和应急情况。3.统购统销农药、苹果、梨时会给社员一定的收入。4.共同请养猪、果树专家指导，很便宜很合适。5.社员的钱凑一块买了个耕地机，给社员耕的地又便宜又好。6.今年我们又注册了无公害水果，没有资金就很难办成，这样我们合作社的果农就会卖个好价钱。7.成立了资金互助，社员因对自己的原则，所以他们都会在开大会时集思广益，提出增加效益的好方法来。8.对大会的参加都很热心，因为学习好有关果树技术，养猪技术，沼气知识等技术，才能提高经济效益。

应该注意的就是要尊重社员的民主管理，多倾听社员的合理化建议，多召开社员大会，这样才能调动大家的积极性，减少很所麻烦，因为只有大家都认同，你才会少许多不该发生的问题、矛盾。即使有些有些矛盾发生，大家也能理解。

详细内容去了细谈

This financial cooperative does solve members’ realistic financial problems.

For example:

1. When they lack of money in purchasing seeds in Spring or fertilizers in Summer.
2. When they lack of money to afford tuition fee of kids or to deal with some emergencies.
3. Pattern of unified purchase and sale of pesticide, apple and pear could bring our members’ certain income.
4. Sharing the consultant fee for pig raising, fruit tree cultivation is cheaper and more suitable for our members.
5. Our members put their money together to buy a ploughing machine to save the cost of land ploughing.
6. This year, …

略论农村合作社三大集团与统筹城乡共同发展长效机制, Bolin Jiang

South South Forum 南南論壇

No abstract provided.

信即可得证 : 农信之家与三大集团建设, Yongmo Xie

South South Forum 南南論壇

北京农信之家的前身是百信资金互助社制度推广团队，并于2011年8月11日由吉林、河南、江苏、浙江、河北等地的10家资金互助组织共同出资在北京设立机构，农信之家的使命是：传播农民信用合作文化，提高农民信用组织化。农信之家成立1年多以来，在河南濮阳、山东菏泽等地推动了30家资金互助组织的成立。

农信之家未来的发展方向和目标是：认真践行科学发展观，通过联合与合作打造中国最大的金融集团、投资集团、消费集团！通过三大集团推动新农村建设和城乡共同发展，参与国际竞争与合作，构建世界最有社会责任的企业社团组织！

将交流以下问题：

一、农信之家成立的背景

二、农信之家的具体开展的工作及具体做法

三、农信之家取得的经验和成效

四、农信之家遇到的困难

五、农信之家的战略规划

Sustainability In Rural Development Projects In Mexico = 墨西哥农村发展项目的可持续性, Aylin Topal

South South Forum 南南論壇

This paper aims to scrutinize the concept of sustainability in rural development projects by focusing on two recently established “sustainable rural cities” inChiapas,Mexico. First, it will analyze how the International Development Institutions and the Mexican state authorities have employed the concept of rural sustainability. Second, it will lay a historical background to examine why and how these sustainable rural cities have become a policy priority of the Mexican state since 2010. Finally, the paper will present and discuss the findings of the fieldwork carried out in sustainable rural cities of San Juan Grijalva and Santiago el Pinar. The paper will …

西班牙老区的社区发展实践 = Projects Of Community Development In An Old Community In Spain, Hang Xia

South South Forum 南南論壇

On a small town by the Ebro River the European economic model caused strong reactions in the local population. The social cultural movement protests against the serious problems regarding immigration, environment and social coexistence and its impacts.

Our three year practice of Community Intercultural Intervention in the old neighborhood of Tortosa tapped into the history of the social movement struggling against the transposition of the Ebro River in 2005 and evolved into the anti-nuclear movement. During the winter in 2007-08 radioactive particles were released from the Ascó nuclear power plant and the private company that concealed the incident was fined. …

南塘合作社经验, Yunbiao Yang

South South Forum 南南論壇

南塘兴农合作社简介

南塘兴农合作社前身是南塘农民维权协会，2003年，经著名“三农问题”专家温铁军先生指点，协会转变思想，更新观念，搞起了乡村建设，于2004年4月正式成立兴农合作社。成立后，发展势头良好，至今已由成立之初的四十多户参与发展到现在的两县四区十三个村的四百余户，六百余股入社。

合作社由有机农业部、资金互助部、图书馆、后勤保障部、文艺队、老年协会、农资部构成日常主运营内容，归理事会管理。理事会与监事会由社员大会产生，向社员大会负责。有独立的会计制度。目前合作社运营状况良好，未来发展道路也很明确。

[A Brief Introduction on Nan Tang Xing Nong Cooperative]

Nan Tang Xing Nong Cooperative was formerly Nan Tang Society for Protection of Peasants Right. In 2003, with advice from Mr. Wen Tejin, the expert on "San Nong Issues " (agriculture, countryside and peasants ), the Society changed their mode of thinking and started to go into rural construction. In April 2004, the Xing Nong Cooperative was established officially. Since then, development momentum has been strong. The number of participating households has grown from over forty initially to more than four hundred households spanning thirteen villages in four …

Could Cities Feed Themselves? The Case Of The Urban Agriculture Movement In Cuba = 城市能否自给自足? 古巴城市农业运动调查报告, Eduardo Francisco Freyre Roach, May Ling Chan

South South Forum 南南論壇

Before 1990 the production and market of vegetables in Cuba was monopolized by a large state enterprise where horticultural techniques such as hydroponics and zeoponics are used (in zeolite subtract) with heavy use of chemical products. But, in 1991 due to the Collapse of Soviet Socialist System in Eastern Europe, the Cuban agriculture enters into crisis. Without chemicals pesticides and fertilizers, metal containers, and cement, the hydroponic-zeolite technology could not be used anymore. In this context, the Movement of Urban Agriculture was born in which people produce fresh vegetables intensively applying agro-ecological principles and Organic techniques, consume and directly sell …

Csas In Canada And China: Innovation And Paradox, Anthony M. Fuller, Theresa Schumilas, Zhenzhong Si

South South Forum 南南論壇

In recent years thousands of diverse alternative food networks and ventures have emerged around the world. Critical food scholars have argued that these alternatives are in response to a global agro-industrial system which disconnects people from food production and associated ecologies, and that this in turn results in a number of environmental, social, and economic crises vulnerabilities (cf Gomiero, Pimentel & Maurizio, 2011; Weis, 2010). Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) initiatives were among the earliest of these alternatives.

In the original CSA approach, a group of consumers (usually referred to as ‘members’ or ‘shareholders’ support a producer by purchasing a …

Iccic / Gung Ho : Helping To Promote Chinese Cooperatives = 工合国际促进中国合作社的发展, Michael Crook

South South Forum 南南論壇

In 1937, Rewi Alley, Edgar and Helen Foster Snow, and patriots in China initiated the Gung Ho Movement. They organized laid off workers and refugees displaced by the Japanese invasion to set up manufacturing cooperatives in aid of China’s resistance effort. This soon became a nation-wide civil movement of some 3,000 cooperatives.

To seek international support and promote the Gung Ho movement, Mme. Soong Ching Ling initiated the founding of the ICCIC - International Committee for the promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives - in 1939, and was elected honorary chair. British Bishop of Hong Kong, R. D. Hall, was its …

生存危机与生态危机 = Survival Crisis And Ecological Crisis, Song Tian

South South Forum 南南論壇

人类社会面临着两重问题，生存问题（survival problem）和生态问题（ecological problem）。所谓生存问题是指人类自身的问题，包含两个层面：一是如何获得生存必需的物质，免于饥饿、贫困；二是如何分配所获得的物质，追求公正、公平。前者关乎生产力，后者关乎社会制度。在人类的能力相对弱小的漫长历史中，生存问题的解决主要在于寻找更好的社会制度，或者改良，或者革命。进入工业文明之后，人类利用科学及其技术，可以从自然中获得越来越多的物质，生存问题的解决有了一个新的方向。即使分配不公平，每一方也能获得比从前更多的物质。生存问题得到了缓解。但是，生态问题却不期而至。所谓生态问题，是人类与自然的关系问题，表现为环境污染，生态破坏。

All kind of human society has to solve two issues: survival problem and ecological problem. The solution of survival problem has two aspects: 1, how to acquire necessary materials (from nature), to free of hungry and poverty; 2, how to distribute the material, to purchase equality and justice. The former refers to social productivity; the latter refers to social institution. In the long history when human only has weak ability to acquire materials from nature, the solution of survival problem focused on searching a better social institution, to reform, or to revolute. Making use of science …

Surviving The Fukushima Nuke Crisis : People’S Anger, Anguish, And Alternative Actions = 在福岛核泄漏危机中幸存下去：人民的愤怒、伤痛和另类行动, Masaaki Ohashi

South South Forum 南南論壇

The 2nd worst Nuke Crisis, which has begun 21 month ago in March 11, 2011 from Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Station, has not settled in any sense, but is posing Fukushima people very difficult and unprecedented challenges. This presentation will examine following points:

1. A brief view on the troubled 4 reactors of the Fukushima No.1 Nuclear Power Station, in terms of continuing radiation discharge, on-going but slow dismantling process that takes more than 30-40 years, higher radiation levels in Fukushima Prefecture. etc.
2. The present location of Fukushima people, such as restriction areas (totally, night time etc.), locations and relocations(evacuations) …

Current Situation Of Farmers, Peasants' Movement, And Ecological Agriculture In Nigeria, Arigbede Olaseinde Dr.

South South Forum 南南論壇

No abstract provided.

Discussants On Session 7a : Surviving Crises, Vinod Raina Dr., Pan Jie Dr.

South South Forum 南南論壇

Vinod Raina

A physicist, resigned his job at Delhi University to work at grass roots on issues of rural education and rural development in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. With like-minded colleagues, he initiated the People’s Science Movement in India that attempts to combine knowledge and science to craft alternate development models that improve the quality of life of the disadvantaged sections of society, within the regenerative capacity of the Earth. He worked both at the level of theory and practice in the political, scientific and ecological economy of sustainability. He had been involved with the Bhopal Gas …

Linking Food Systems And Human Health : Geographic Variations In China = 链接食物系统与人类健康：中国城乡之间的差别, Anthony M. Fuller

South South Forum 南南論壇

This paper is exploratory. It seeks to link the two dominant food systems of Chinawith impacts on human health, as measured by the increasing but differential incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases. China is passing through the Nutrition Transition where traditional diets are being replaced by high fat and meat diets, high calorie snacks and meals with high protein and oil intakes.The argument is constructed on the basis that in general urban citizens increasingly consume processed foods manufactured by the industrial food system. Rural people on the other hand remain consuming their traditional diets. Process foods derive from industrial agriculture while …