Environmental Transmission Of Career Interests Through A Genetic Lens: Understanding The Confounding Around Parental Occupation,
2022
University of South Florida
Environmental Transmission Of Career Interests Through A Genetic Lens: Understanding The Confounding Around Parental Occupation, Tyler Allan
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has established that parents can influence the career interests of their children through both their shared genetics and the household environment they create. However, most studies look at these parental influences in isolation either focusing on the environmental influences or the genetic influences. As such, the results of these studies fail to account for potential confounding in their results do to the nature of career interests. This study used a genetically informative twin sample to address the issue of shared genetics while looking at the measured environmental influence a parent’s occupation has on their child’s career interests. A …
Socioeconomic Potential: Predicting Income Through The Moderating Effect Of Socioeconomic Status On Social Capital,
2022
Brigham Young University
Socioeconomic Potential: Predicting Income Through The Moderating Effect Of Socioeconomic Status On Social Capital, Virginia K. Leiter
Theses and Dissertations
Social capital is an important predictor of socioeconomic attainment, defined here as household income, but it is less clear how this relationship may vary by socioeconomic status (SES). Coleman's (1988) theory of social capital suggests that context is likely to influence exchanges of capital. Indeed, theory and research suggest that SES may either intensify or compensate for social capital in its relation to socioeconomic attainment. I seek to identify and understand these potential interactions using data from 101,163 participants of the European Social Survey (ESS). Results indicate that while social trust and both absolute and relative social involvement--two common measurements …
Sleep And Eating Behavior Among Adolescent Females With Overweight Or Obesity: The Role Of Appetite-Related Cognitive Processes,
2022
Brigham Young University
Sleep And Eating Behavior Among Adolescent Females With Overweight Or Obesity: The Role Of Appetite-Related Cognitive Processes, Kirandeep Kaur
Theses and Dissertations
Insufficient sleep duration and poor sleep quality can potentiate weight gain and obesity in adolescents. Furthermore, overweight and obese females are at unique risk for insufficient sleep and associated health complications. We examined self-reported sleep duration and self-reported adequacy of sleep duration as potential moderators of the relationship between eating behavior and several cognitive processes including hedonic hunger, executive dysfunction, and self-control. We used a multisystemic conceptual framework to highlight the pathways that may explain the relationship between sleep behaviors and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). The study employed a cross-sectional design. Participants completed baseline measures of height and weight, …
Authenticity Without Belief In Western Tibetan Buddhist Practice,
2022
Brigham Young University
Authenticity Without Belief In Western Tibetan Buddhist Practice, Hannah Sharp-Wang
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis is a study of Tibetan Buddhism as practiced by adult converts in Utah. Semiotic ideology is a thread throughout the paper that functions as an explanatory mechanism for describing the ontological variations between beginning and seasoned practitioners. I show examples of clashing semiotic ideologies that demonstrate differing assumptions in understanding of how the world operates. In Chapter 2, I explore the concept of interiority and the taken for granted assumptions of religiosity in the West. The tensions introduced in Chapter 2 are addressed in Chapter 3, which explores how practitioners resolve concerns about authenticity through reliance on their …
Online Sexual Mindfulness Intervention For Black And Interracial Couples: A Pilot Study,
2022
Brigham Young University
Online Sexual Mindfulness Intervention For Black And Interracial Couples: A Pilot Study, Jenna M. Lawlor
Theses and Dissertations
Sexual mindfulness has been shown to improve couple's relationship and sexual satisfaction. Mindfulness research has mostly been conducted with White participants, largely leaving out the perspectives of diverse participants. This study piloted an online culturally-adapted version of the Sexual Mindfulness Project with Black and interracial couples (N=26 heterosexual individuals in a committed relationship from three different continents; age range 23€“44) to understand the program's acceptability and impacts. Qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys showed that couples enjoyed the program and experienced positive relational and sexual impacts post-intervention, including improved relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, communication, and sexual mindfulness. Implications to improve the …
Women's Response To Spousal Pornography Use: A Grounded Theory,
2022
Brigham Young University
Women's Response To Spousal Pornography Use: A Grounded Theory, Misha Duncan Crawford
Theses and Dissertations
Empirical research suggests that married women may more commonly experience spousal pornography use as a relational attachment threat and are more likely to experience negatively associated relational outcomes such as distress and loss of trust. The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded theory of women’s response to concealed spousal pornography use. This study included the experiences of 30 women who reported spousal pornography use as a threat to relational attachment and demonstrated evidence of individual and relational healing thereafter. The research question, “How do women describe the experience of learning of their spouse’s pornography use and the …
Gender Inequality And The Division Of Labor In The Home During Covid-19: A Literature Review,
2022
Portland State University
Gender Inequality And The Division Of Labor In The Home During Covid-19: A Literature Review, Ella F. Jackson
University Honors Theses
The current Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted families in the United States as working parents face increased demand for domestic labor at home while losing community and institutional support through pandemic closures. By integrating emerging research on gender norms and expectations regarding the division of household labor for working parents, the impact of Covid-19 on working mothers, and the gendered impact of infrastructure and the pandemic response in the United States, I aim to provide a holistic conceptualization and analysis of gender inequality and the division of labor in the home during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through summarizing and analyzing current …
Change In Subjective Well-Being, Affluence And Trust In State Governments In India,
2022
University of Pennsylvania
Change In Subjective Well-Being, Affluence And Trust In State Governments In India, Vani S. Kulkarni, Veena S. Kulkarni, Katsushi Imai, Raghav Gaiha
Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC)
The present study explores the relationship between trust in state governments and changes in subjective well-being in India, drawing upon the nationally-representative India Human Development Survey (IHDS) panel data for 2005 and 2012. Our econometric results confirm that people’s trust in state governments is positively associated with changes in their subjective well-being in economic aspects. To take into account the endogeneity of people’s trust in the state government, we have used the 2SLS model where the trust is instrumented by (i) whether the winning legislators belonged to the ruling party, and (ii) whether the margin of victory over the closest …
Dropout In Couple Therapy: An Exploration Of The Trajectories Of Couples Dropping Out,
2022
Brigham Young University
Dropout In Couple Therapy: An Exploration Of The Trajectories Of Couples Dropping Out, Ragan A. Lybbert
Theses and Dissertations
Dropout is a problematic phenomenon which wastes community, clinician, client, and researcher resources. Clients who dropout from therapy end up the same, or worse than, those who did not seek out therapy at all. While there is a relatively deep and broad understanding of dropout from individual therapy, an exhaustive review of couple therapy dropout literature reveals a very inconsistent and non-conclusive body of research. This may stem from a lack of a consistently used theory to guide research endeavors in this important realm. Primarily, this seems to stem from treating dropout as a static event rather than a process …
Covid-19 Negatively Impacted Health And Social Relationships Among Working-Age Adults With Disabilities,
2022
Syracuse University
Covid-19 Negatively Impacted Health And Social Relationships Among Working-Age Adults With Disabilities, Claire Pendergrast, Shannon M. Monnat
Population Health Research Brief Series
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) are related to personal care and mobility. COVID-19 disrupted access to care for many working-age adults with ADL difficulties, potentially creating negative health and social impacts. This research brief shows that working-age adults (18-64) with ADL difficulty faced worse health and social impacts than their peers without ADL difficulty during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The needs of people with disabilities must be prioritized in policy decisions to increase equity and reduce health disparities during the ongoing COVID-19 response and in future public health emergencies.
Differentiated Egalitarianism: The Impact Of Paid Family Leave Policy On Women's And Men's Paid And Unpaid Work,
2022
University of Pennsylvania
Differentiated Egalitarianism: The Impact Of Paid Family Leave Policy On Women's And Men's Paid And Unpaid Work, Pilar Gonalons-Pons
Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC)
The birth of a new child continues to exacerbate gender specialization among different-sex couples. This study considers the potential of paid leave policies to intervene in this key life-course juncture and promote greater gender equality in paid and unpaid work. While previous research has examined the impact of paid leave policies on paid or unpaid work among mothers or fathers separately, this study provides an integrated framework and examines comprehensively how these benefits shape both mothers and fathers and both paid and unpaid work outcomes. I use data from the Current Population Survey 1990–2020 and the American Time Use Survey …
Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities At Older Ages: Causal Evidence From Nonparametric Bounds,
2022
Central Michigan University
Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities At Older Ages: Causal Evidence From Nonparametric Bounds, Vikesh Amin, Jere R. Behrman, Jason M. Fletcher, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hans-Peter Kohler
Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC)
We revisit the much-investigated relationship between schooling and health, focusing on cognitive abilities at older ages using the Harmonized Cognition Assessment Protocol in the Health & Retirement Study. To address endogeneity concerns, we employ a nonparametric partial identification approach that provides bounds on the population average treatment effect using a monotone instrumental variable together with relatively weak monotonicity assumptions on treatment selection and response. The bounds indicate potentially large effects of increasing schooling from primary to secondary but are also consistent with small and null effects. We find evidence for a causal effect of increasing schooling from secondary to tertiary …
New And Transferable Digital Skills In The Era Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Mobilizing Social Support,
2022
Western University
New And Transferable Digital Skills In The Era Of The Covid-19 Pandemic: Mobilizing Social Support, Molly-Gloria Harper, Anabel Quan-Haase, William Hollingshead
Sociology Presentations
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented global crisis that has had profound impacts on people’s lives. Under these circumstances, social support can buffer against pandemic-related stress. Yet, the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic with its stringent health guidelines have created unique challenges to the mobilization of social support. These challenges particularly affect vulnerable groups with limited digital life skills. Based on a qualitative study of 101 semi-structured interviews with East York residents in Toronto, Canada conducted in 2013–2014, we investigate what new and transferable digital life skills are needed in the pre- and post-pandemic era to mobilize social support. Our …
Nine Ways Grandparenting Is Changing With The Covid-19 Pandemic,
2022
Syracuse University
Nine Ways Grandparenting Is Changing With The Covid-19 Pandemic, Madonna Harrington Meyer
Population Health Research Brief Series
Grandparents play a vital role in providing care for their grandchildren in the United States. However, long-term sociodemographic changes, including lower fertility rates and changes in employment and technology, along with massive upheavals prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic are changing grandparenting in important ways. This research brief describes these long-term sociodemographic changes and uses in-depth interviews conducted before the pandemic to illustrate nine specific ways grandparenting is shifting in the U.S. It concludes by calling for more supportive social welfare programs to support working families and reduce the reliance on grandparents for meeting childcare and financial needs.
Red-Collar Crime: The Field Re-Examined,
2022
CUNY John Jay College
Red-Collar Crime: The Field Re-Examined, Kortni Macdonald
Student Theses
Red-collar crime is an understudied phenomenon that occurs when white-collar crime turns into physical violence and/or death (also known as fraud-detection homicide). Frank S. Perri, coined the term red-collar crime following his study of 27 homicides that occurred at the same time as or before the deadly white-collar criminal occurrences. This study explores the generalizability and practicality of this definition as applied to a new set of cases. Using a case study analysis of six cases this study analyzed the behavioral characteristics of these offenders meeting Perri's definition; Characteristics such as entitlement, lack of empathy, power orientation, rationalizations, exploitations, and …
The Associations Between Closeness To Residential Mother And Father During Adolescence And Young Adult Depressive Symptoms And The Corresponding Moderation Of Biological Sex,
2022
Syracuse University
The Associations Between Closeness To Residential Mother And Father During Adolescence And Young Adult Depressive Symptoms And The Corresponding Moderation Of Biological Sex, Mckenna Quinn Farley
Theses - ALL
Past research has suggested that adolescent parent-child relationships may have an impact on adolescent and young adult mental health. However, there are gaps in the previous research regarding relationships between these areas. The goal of the present study is to examine the relationship between an individual's closeness to their residential mother and father in adolescence and their depressive symptoms in young adulthood. The study also looks at how the biological sex of the individual moderates this relationship, and further examines if parental closeness has any significant role in the relationship on young adult depression above the effect of adolescent depression. …
Coparenting Quality In Separated American Parents Of Children Ages 1½ To 5: Anxiety, Social Support, Self-Efficacy, And The Associations With Coparenting And Child Outcomes,
2022
Syracuse University
Coparenting Quality In Separated American Parents Of Children Ages 1½ To 5: Anxiety, Social Support, Self-Efficacy, And The Associations With Coparenting And Child Outcomes, Greg Kovacs
Dissertations - ALL
The purpose of this research was to examine the mechanisms determining coparenting processes in parents following divorce or separation and the implications for the emotional and behavioral outcomes for their young children. The complex associations between parental anxiety, parental self-efficacy, social support, coparent relationship quality, and child problem behaviors were examined. Participants were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk and completed a survey regarding their coparenting dynamics. The sample consisted of 322 residents of the United States who had a child between 18 months and 5 years of age and who were no longer living with the child's other parent. Results …
Marriage Change And Fertility Decline In Sub-Saharan Africa, 1991-2019,
2022
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Marriage Change And Fertility Decline In Sub-Saharan Africa, 1991-2019, Monica J. Grant, Hans-Peter Kohler
Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC)
The institutions of marriage and the family have undergone profound changes over recent decades in sub-Saharan Africa, following differentiated paths across and within countries. These changes, however, have not been systematically related to variation in fertility and its decline over time. We use Demographic and Health Survey data from 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa to examine how nuptiality patterns have changed over the period 1991-2019, and how these changes are associated with changes in the total fertility rate and ideal family size. Using multi-level linear models, we find that our four marriage indicators are all significantly associated with the total …
Where The Rainbow Ends: The Hidden Humanitarian Crisis For Members Of The Lgbtqia+ Community In International Business,
2022
James Madison University
Where The Rainbow Ends: The Hidden Humanitarian Crisis For Members Of The Lgbtqia+ Community In International Business, John R. Krendel
Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current
There are several people I would like to thank for their assistance in my Honors Capstone research and the writing of this Honors Thesis. First and foremost, I would like to thank my project advisor, Professor Fernando Pargas, for his assistance in planning my research and his continued support and input over the past few months. I would also like to thank my readers, Dr. Laura Leduc and Professor Robert Eliason for offering up their time to read my thesis and provide insightful feedback. Additionally, I would like to thank Elizabeth Price, the research librarian for the College of Business …
Change In Subjective Well-Being, Affluence And Trust In Judiciary In India,
2022
University of Pennsylvania
Change In Subjective Well-Being, Affluence And Trust In Judiciary In India, Vani S. Kulkarni, Veena S. Kulkarni, Katsushi S. Imai, Raghav Gaiha
Population Center Working Papers (PSC/PARC)
The present study tests the hypothesis that trust in the lower judiciary in India - comprising High Courts at the state level and District Courts at the lower level - is associated with improvement in subjective economic well-being. The analysis is based on the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 1 and 2 in 2005 and 2012, a large nationally representative household panel dataset. Using 2SLS and Lewbel IV models to take into account the endogeneity of trust in the lower judiciary, our analysis confirms that trust in the lower judiciary has a positive association with the change in SWB. The …
