Demography, Population, and Ecology Commons^™

Evaluating The Impact Of Integrated Microfinance And Reproductive (Mf/Rh) Services On Household Wellbeing And Reproductive Health Behaviors Of Women In Nigeria, Population Council

Reproductive Health

A growing body of studies attempts to show that microfinance institutions are capable of contributing to improvements in women’s reproductive health (RH) status by integrating information that leads to behavioral change. In Nigeria, there is little evidence documenting the impact and health outcomes among beneficiaries of integrated microfinance and reproductive health (MF/RH) service. The integrated MF/RH program, funded by The David & Lucile Packard Foundation and implemented by Partners for Development, provided an opportunity to test the impact of integrating RH messaging and support for service provision into a microcredit scheme. The objective of this integrated approach was to improve …

A Model For Providing 24-Hour Normal Delivery Services At Union Health And Family Welfare Centers In Bangladesh, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, A.K.M. Zafar Ullah Khan, Forhana Rahman Noor, Afsana Fatema Noor

Reproductive Health

In rural areas of Bangladesh, emergency obstetric care services are available at the upazila level and above. At lower levels, Union Health and Family Welfare Centers (UHFWCs) located in the proximity of women’s homes provide normal delivery services. Recently, the Directorate General of Family Planning (DGFP) undertook an initiative to provide 24-hour normal delivery services in newly upgraded UHFWCs. The Population Council, with financial support from UKaid is providing technical assistance to the DGFP to implement an operations research study to test the effectiveness of this model. This brief presents an overview of the project, describes the implementation of project …

Evaluation Of The Impact Of Strengthening Union Health And Family Welfare Centers For Providing 24/7 Normal Delivery Services In Bangladesh, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, A.K.M. Zafar Ullah Khan, Mohammed Sharif, Forhana Rahman Noor, Surojit Kundu, Shongkour Roy, Afsana Fatema Noor, Ubaidur Rob

Reproductive Health

In Bangladesh, the majority of the infant deliveries in rural areas take place at homes where there is a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Most Union Health and Family Welfare Centers (UHFWCs) are unable to provide 24-hour normal delivery services in close proximity to most rural women. With this point of view, the Population Council has provided technical assistance to the Directorate General of Family Planning to implement an operations research (OR) study in 24 UHFWCs to test the effectiveness of a model to strengthen UHFWCs so that they can provide such services. This report presents the findings of, …

Landscape Analysis Of The Family Planning Situation In Pakistan: Brief Summary Of Findings, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This brief provides a summary of the Landscape Analysis of the Family Planning Situation in Pakistan carried out by the Population Council with the support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 2015–16. The analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of consumer demand, contraceptive service provision, and contraceptive supply, and the provincial policy environment based on primary data collection in eight districts in Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Its aim is to identify investment opportunities to catalyze an escalation in contraceptive prevalence, enabling Pakistan to meet its FP2020 goals.

Landscape Analysis Of The Family Planning Situation In Pakistan—District Profile: Faisalabad, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This district profile of Faisalabad is part of the Landscape Analysis of the Family Planning Situation in Pakistan. The factsheet provides a detailed picture of the use of antenatal and delivery care services; use of family planning; other socioeconomic indicators; availability of health facilities, pharmacies, and lady health workers; distribution of public static and private facilities by cadre;, provision of specific family planning methods by sector; and presence and provision of family planning services/products. The factsheet concludes with a review of consumers’ perspectives on barriers to use of family planning. The analysis, conducted by the Population Council, was supported by …

Landscape Analysis Of The Family Planning Situation In Pakistan—District Profile: Hyderabad, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This district profile of Hyderabad is part of the Landscape Analysis of the Family Planning Situation in Pakistan. The factsheet provides a detailed picture of the use of family planning, including other socioeconomic indicators, and consumers’ perspectives on barriers to use of family planning. While it notes the lack of information among men; it also finds limited access to public health facilities compounded by poverty—a hurdle for the urban poor. The factsheet concludes with a chart listing district-specific donors, projects, and implementing partners. The analysis, conducted by the Population Council, was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Landscape Analysis Of The Family Planning Situation In Pakistan, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Pakistan faces a number of challenges to increasing modern contraceptive use. Although there are encouraging signs, such as improved male participation, the addition of about four million current FP users, from 2007 to 2013, and a responsive policy environment with demonstrated political and financial commitment to meeting the country’s FP2020 goals, the task that lies ahead is still huge. This report presents the findings of a landscape analysis of family planning (FP) in Pakistan by the Population Council in 2015 and 2016, with support from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. This landscape analysis assesses both demand and supply side …

Landscape Analysis Of The Family Planning Situation In Pakistan—District Profile: Karachi, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This district profile of Karachi is part of the Landscape Analysis of the Family Planning Situation in Pakistan. The factsheet provides a detailed picture of the use of family planning; use of antenatal and delivery care services; other socioeconomic indicators; availability of health facilities and lady health workers; distribution of public static and private facilities by cadre; provision of specific family planning methods by sector; and presence and provision of family planning services. The factsheet concludes with a review of consumers’ perspectives on barriers to use of family planning. The analysis, conducted by the Population Council, was supported by the …

Landscape Analysis Of The Family Planning Situation In Pakistan—District Profile: Peshawar, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This district profile of Peshawar is part of the Landscape Analysis of the Family Planning Situation in Pakistan. The factsheet provides a detailed picture of use of antenatal and delivery care services; other socioeconomic indicators; availability of health facilities, pharmacies, and lady health workers; distribution of public static and private facilities by cadre; provision of specific family planning methods by sector; and presence and provision of family planning services/products. The factsheet concludes with a review of consumers’ perspectives on barriers to use of family planning and a chart listing district-specific donors, projects, and implementing partners. The analysis, conducted by the …

Landscape Analysis Of The Family Planning Situation In Pakistan—District Profile: Rawalpindi, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This district profile of Rawalpindi is part of the Landscape Analysis of the Family Planning Situation in Pakistan. The factsheet provides a detailed picture of use of family planning and other socioeconomic indicators. It covers consumers’ perspectives on barriers to use of family planning noting the lack of information among men and women, especially migrants; problems of access among poor rural women; and difficulty in affording services, among poor couples. The factsheet concludes with a chart listing district-specific donors, projects, and implementing partners. The analysis, conducted by the Population Council, was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Understanding Married Women's Vulnerability To Hiv Infection In Egypt: An Exploratory Study, Doaa Oraby, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab

Reproductive Health

This study examines the behavioral, sociocultural, economic, programmatic, and legal factors that aggravate Egyptian women’s vulnerabilities to HIV/AIDS. The study concludes that in low-prevalence settings like Egypt, targeted interventions are the most strategic and cost-effective: for example, HIV awareness-raising with a special focus on the preventive role of consistent, correct condom use, and creating a cadre of peers that could provide psychosocial support and HIV counseling to migrant workers. Furthermore, premarital and antenatal care programs should include HIV awareness-raising and provider-initiated counseling and testing after screening of women to identify those at risk for HIV infection. Concurrently, efforts should be …

Using The Community Informant Based (Made-In And Made-For) Methodology For Estimating Maternal Mortality Ratio (Mmr) In Districts Haripur And Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Population Council

Reproductive Health

Through its Reproductive Maternal and Neonatal Child Health project, GIZ Pakistan is assisting the Government of Pakistan in strengthening its health system’s capacities for ensuring effective, efficient, client-oriented, and affordable reproductive, maternal, newborn, and adolescent health care. GIZ engaged with senior national and provincial government officials who indicated their interest in applying the innovative Made-In/Made-For (Maternal Death, from Informants/Maternal Death, Follow On Review) methodology, a cost-effective alternative for generating reliable estimates of maternal mortality through community-based informant networks. This Population Council study in two pilot districts identified specific areas that need strong policy and programmatic interventions to improve maternal health …

Using The Community Informant-Based (Made-In And Made-For) Methodology To Estimate The Neonatal Mortality Rate (Nmr) In Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Feasibility Study, Ali M. Mir, Saleem Shaikh, Mumraiz Khan, Irfan Masood, Mansoor Qaisar, Sabahat Hussain, Rehan M. Niazi

Reproductive Health

Concerned about high levels of neonatal mortality, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa district government in Pakistan expressed a need to adapt and test a new approach—commonly referred to as the “Made-In/Made-For” (MIMF) method—that uses community-based informants to estimate the number of maternal deaths. The current pilot study in Nowshera was commissioned by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH and conducted by the Population Council to test the feasibility of using the method, and community-based informant networks that had been used to measure maternal mortality, for estimating neonatal deaths. This study clearly shows that, in addition to identifying maternal deaths, informant …

Using The Community Informant Based (Made-In And Made-For) Methodology For Estimating Maternal Mortality Ratio (Mmr) In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Ali M. Mir, Saleem Shaikh, Mumraiz Khan, Irfan Masood

Reproductive Health

This report documents a study by the Population Council estimating the maternal mortality ratio of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province in Pakistan using an innovative community informant–based method, known as the “Made-In/Made-For” (MIMF) technique, to collect data on maternal deaths. The report confirms that maternal mortality persists as a major public health issue in KP, and the problem may be much larger than assumed. The study’s success in identifying causes of death through verbal autopsies and their subsequent disaggregation into direct and indirect causes is important from policy and programmatic perspectives. Interventions need to focus both on direct and indirect causes …

Urban Congolese Refugees In Kenya: The Contingencies Of Coping And Resilience In A Context Marked By Structural Vulnerability, Julie A. Tippens

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

The global increase in refugee migration to urban areas creates challenges pertaining to the promotion of refugee health, broadly conceived. Despite considerable attention to trauma and forced migration, there is relatively little focus on how refugees cope with stressful situations, and on the determinants that facilitate and undermine resilience. This article examines how urban Congolese refugees in Kenya promote psychosocial well-being in the context of structural vulnerability. This article is based on interviews (N = 55) and ethnographic participant observation with Congolese refugees over a period of 8 months in Nairobi in 2014. Primary stressors related to scarcity of material …

Towards Sustainable Rural Japan: A Case Study On Urban-Rural Migration Motives, Lisa Kanai 16

Honor Scholar Theses

With Japan losing its overall population due to low fertility rate, rural depopulation has become a prevalent issue across the country. This thesis examines Oonan Town in Shimane Prefecture as a case study, as it is a rural town that has been successful in getting in-migrants back into the community. Through oral, biographical interviews, participants reported factors that played a significant role in the migration decision-making process. Data show that in-migrants in Oonan Town were largely affected by four factors, which are 1) family ties, 2) life course events, 3) lifestyle preferences, and 4) financial factors. The current study also …

The Determinants Of Childbirth Grants Of Local Governments In South Korea, Gi-Jung Kim

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Declining fertility is one of the top policy issues in South Korea. To increase the birth rate, the government of South Korea has been enacting several fertility encouragement polices. Although almost all of the birth encouragement policies have been led by the central government, a childbirth grant program was developed by primary local governments themselves. The grant levels vary significantly between local governments.

I examine what explains the differences in the childbirth grant level by analyzing twelve years (2004-2015) of panel data with a fixed-effects model. Prior studies indicate that the extent of demand for a policy and the availability …

A Study Of The Effects Of County Characteristics On College Enrollment, Patrick La Mar

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

For the past 100 years, policy analysts studied college enrollment at the individual level. Yet little research has been performed on whether the surrounding community characteristics contribute to enrollment rates. This is in part due to seeing college attendance as an individual choice whereas K-12 enrollment is typically predetermined by place of residence. However, this ignores the potential impact economic and social characteristics a community has on students while growing up. This paper attempts to add to the literature by testing county level variables with a panel regression with high school fixed effects.

The results show higher averages of KEES …

An Examination Of Gender Income Gaps In And Out Of Government, Elisha Comer

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

No executive summary.

Mapuche Resilience: Environmental Justice In Chile, Hannah N. Lussier

ENV 434 Environmental Justice

This paper presents a close analysis of the Mapuche Conflict and its implications from an Environmental Justice perspective. It serves to outline the plight of the Mapuche, a South American indigenous group, in their continued struggle to gain the rights to autonomic control over their ancestral territory from the Chilean government. By utilizing a holistic approach to research, this paper serves to provide a background on the conflict as well as to incorporate claims to justice. It chronicles the depth and breadth of media attention on the issue by incorporating perspectives from scholarly articles, news sources and social media platforms. …