Belief In Redeemability And Punitive Public Opinion: “Once A Criminal, Always A Criminal” Revisited,
2020
University of Cincinnati
Belief In Redeemability And Punitive Public Opinion: “Once A Criminal, Always A Criminal” Revisited, Alexander L. Burton, Francis T. Cullen, Velmer S. Burton Jr., Amanda Graham, Leah C. Butler, Angela J. Thielo
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
In 2009, Maruna and King presented results from a British survey showing that the public’s belief in the redeemability of people who committed offenses curbed their level of punitiveness. Based on a 2017 national survey in the United States (n = 1,000), the current study confirms that redeemability is negatively related to punitive attitudes. In addition, the analyses reveal that this belief predicts support for rehabilitation and specific inclusionary policies (i.e., ban-the-box in employment, expungement of criminal records, and voting rights for people with a felony conviction). Findings regarding measures for punishment and rehabilitation were confirmed by a 2019 …
College Students’ Attitudes Towards Police Officers And Their Perceptions Of Prison Systems,
2020
East Tennessee State University
College Students’ Attitudes Towards Police Officers And Their Perceptions Of Prison Systems, Lee Poff
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The current research seeks to study and gauge current perceptions of police among college students at East Tennessee State University. As well as studying perceptions of police among students, the research will compare police perceptions among students with student opinions on incarceration. Correlations will be attempted to be observed through various demographical characteristics and similar standardized viewpoints. This will build on prior research from Lim (2015) and others in which college students were used to gauge results around perceptions of police. It is important to understand college student perceptions on police and incarceration as they form the future work force …
Extreme Ideologies, Situational Factors, And Terrorists’ Target Selection,
2020
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Extreme Ideologies, Situational Factors, And Terrorists’ Target Selection, Evan Mudgett
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of the current study is to examine how ideology and situational factors shape terrorist target selection in the United States. While a growing number of studies have examined target selection by terrorists, the current study is the first to consider how combinations of factors present situated opportunities for terrorists to select particular types of targets as opposed to others. Guided by the situational crime prevention approach, this study relies on data from the American Terrorism Study (ATS) to measure attributes of incidents perpetrated by far-right and Islamic extremists and target selection. The outcomes of interest include government versus …
Juvenile Diversion Programs: Comparing Minnesota County Characteristics To Determine Their Role In Pre-Trial Diversion Programs,
2020
Bemidji State University
Juvenile Diversion Programs: Comparing Minnesota County Characteristics To Determine Their Role In Pre-Trial Diversion Programs, Kaydin Schmitt
Political Science Theses and Capstones
The main goal of the juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate offenders and prevent youth from entering the adult justice system. One approach is through the use of diversion programs. The state of Minnesota requires all counties to offer at least one type of pre-trial diversion program. However, there is no ubiquitous program; the number and types of programs differ between counties, and the reason for these differences between jurisdictions is under-researched. I analyze the number and types of pre-trial diversion programs in Minnesota counties and compare them to various county characteristics to determine which characteristics play a role in …
Marsh, Tuttle, And Rhodes' "Can I Get A Witness?: Thirteen Peacemakers, Community Builders, And Agitators For Faith & Justice" (Book Review),
2020
Lincoln Christian University
Marsh, Tuttle, And Rhodes' "Can I Get A Witness?: Thirteen Peacemakers, Community Builders, And Agitators For Faith & Justice" (Book Review), Leslie Starasta
The Christian Librarian
No abstract provided.
Al-Shabaab And Boko Haram: Recruitment Strategies,
2020
Department of Politics & International Relations, University of Johannesburg; Institute of African Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
Al-Shabaab And Boko Haram: Recruitment Strategies, J. Tochukwu Omenma, Cheryl Hendricks, Nnamdi C. Ajaebili
Peace and Conflict Studies
This paper is an examination of the membership recruitment strategies of two violent extremist organizations (VEOs), namely al-Shabaab and Boko Haram. The majority of the literature on VEOs concentrates on the conceptualization of terrorism, motivations for terrorism and counter-terrorism strategies, as well as a focus on the frequency of VEO attacks, number of fatalities and funding sources. The literature tends to portray poverty as the main driver of recruitment. The focus on recruitment strategies has been relatively recent. There is therefore still a lack of in-depth analyses on the processes of recruitment of specific extremist groups, and this impacts on …
Evaluation Of A Jail Reentry Program.,
2020
University of Louisville
Evaluation Of A Jail Reentry Program., Bailey Elisabeth Holland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has focused on prison reentry programs and the impact the program has on reducing rates of recidivism, but there is a lack of research on jail reentry programs and the impact of programs’ individual services have on recidivism. Secondary data was obtained from the Louisville Metro Jail Familiar Faces Action and Community Transition (F2ACT) reentry program, which included basic demographic data of the participants, a record of individual services received by each participant, and the number of times each participant was booked into Louisville Metro Corrections before and after participating in F2ACT. A multinomial logistic regression found that …
California’S Proposition 47: The Safe Neighborhoods And Schools Act,
2020
San Jose State University
California’S Proposition 47: The Safe Neighborhoods And Schools Act, Edith Garcia Fong
Master's Projects
Proposition 47 made drastic changes to California’s criminal justice system. Critics and proponents of the measure have made sweeping claims about its impact on crime trends and the criminal justice system, in general. However, many of these claims are based on assumptions and are not based on actual data and research. Given the fact that California’s prison population is still subject to court oversight, it is essential that the effectiveness of Proposition 47 as a solution to this issue be evaluated. If the state hopes to maintain compliance with the court-mandated prison population caps, it must ensure to exhaust all …
How Can Embedded Criminologists, Police Pracademics, And Crime Analysts Help Increase Police-Led Program Evaluations? A Survey Of Authors Cited In The Evidence-Based Policing Matrix,
2020
CUNY John Jay College
How Can Embedded Criminologists, Police Pracademics, And Crime Analysts Help Increase Police-Led Program Evaluations? A Survey Of Authors Cited In The Evidence-Based Policing Matrix, Eric L. Piza, Json Szkola, Kwan-Lamra Blount-Hill
Publications and Research
Evidence-based policing emphasizes the evaluation of interventions to create a catalog of effective programs and practices. Program evaluation has primarily been considered the purview of academic researchers, with police agencies typically uninvolved in the evaluation of their own interventions. Scholars have recently advocated for police to take more ownership over program evaluation, often arguing for an increased role of three primary entities: embedded criminologists, police pracademics, and crime analysts. While an emerging body of literature has explored these entities individually, research has yet to explore the unique contributions each can make to police-led science. The current study is a survey …
Show Me St. Louis: Risk Assessment Through An 80-20 Framework,
2020
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Show Me St. Louis: Risk Assessment Through An 80-20 Framework, Hannah K. Steinman
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Researchers of crime and place have long explored the uneven distribution of crime within the built environment and repeatedly identified where crime is concentrated. The longstanding question pertaining to crime at the micro-level, is why crime concentrates. This study operates within environmental criminology, through an 80-20 framework, to explore the spatial distribution of crime across streets with crime generators and attractors in St. Louis, Missouri to fill this gap in the literature. A conjunctive analysis of case configurations is used to identify unique high and low-crime street profiles. Crime data from 2018 – 2019 are used from the St. Louis …
Examining Corporate Blameworthiness In Relation To Federal Organizational Sentencing For Probation And Corporate Monitors.,
2020
University of Louisville
Examining Corporate Blameworthiness In Relation To Federal Organizational Sentencing For Probation And Corporate Monitors., Emily M. Homer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Organizations that have benefitted from the commission of federal crimes committed by their employees may be sentenced to federal criminal penalties. Two of these potential penalties include probation and the requirement to implement a corporate monitor. The federal guidelines provide suggestions for sentencing probation that echo the theoretical focal concern of blameworthiness. This research used eight years of United States Sentencing Commission data covering 2011 to 2018 (n= 1,224) to examine if organizations were being sentenced to probation and monitoring consistent with the federal guidelines and focal concern of blameworthiness. The study examined nine potential measures of blameworthiness …
Public Perceptions Of Police Militarization: A Nuanced Understanding Of Public Support For Police Practices,
2020
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Public Perceptions Of Police Militarization: A Nuanced Understanding Of Public Support For Police Practices, Leobardo Lopez-Cristobal
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In recent years, there has been heavily publicized incidents of police use of military weapons and tactics, which has raised concerns regarding the militarization of police. More famously, in 2014, Ferguson police utilized military weapons and tactics to quell the masses after the police shooting of Michael Brown incited protests and riots. Despite an overall decrease in incidents of police use of force and deadly shootings, individual dramatic events of police militarization paint a picture of a militarized police force. This coincides with an overall increase in military equipment transfers (e.g., weapons, vehicles) to police agencies in the United States. …
Examining Crime Reporting Behaviors In The Presence Of Body-Worn Cameras,
2020
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Examining Crime Reporting Behaviors In The Presence Of Body-Worn Cameras, Tanya Dudinskaya
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This research study was designed to gain a better understanding of the potential impacts a body-worn camera can have on a witness reporting a crime to an officer. This study uses an online survey distributed through Qualtrics and asks participants to respond with their likelihood of reporting the crime they are prompted (such as property damage, DUI, drug sale, assault, and robbery) in the presence or absence of a body-camera, and the recording of their statement. The main concept that is being examined is whether there are potential negative consequences of body-cameras such as preventing witnesses from coming forward because …
Hispanics And The War On Drugs: An Explanation For The Rise In Hispánica Imprisonment,
2020
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Hispanics And The War On Drugs: An Explanation For The Rise In Hispánica Imprisonment, Bryan James Haakma
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The purpose of this study was to understand racial disparities that persist throughout the criminal justice system. Since the early 1970s, the U.S. female prison population has risen at a faster rate than the male prison population (Harmon & Boppre, 2016; Morín, 2008, 2016). Overall, a plethora of research has linked the rise in imprisonment to the War on Drugs and the criminalization of drug use. This thesis examined these questions: 1) are drug crime initiatives driving the rise in Hispanic female imprisonment in comparison to Black and White females and 2) using Blalock’s (1967) theory on group threat, do …
Intimate Partner Violence In A Native American Community: An Exploratory Study,
2020
Boise State University
Intimate Partner Violence In A Native American Community: An Exploratory Study, Sheena L. Gilbert
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Native Americans experience a higher rate of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to other racial/ethnic groups (Bachman et al., 2010; Bachman et al., 2008; Bohn, 2003; Bryant-Davis et al., 2009; Bubar, 2009; Dugan & Apel, 2003; Hamby, 2000; Perry, 2004), however, there is limited research that examines IPV among Native American populations. To understand Native American victimization, it is important to understand the historical context as it relates to trauma and oppression and how these experiences influence Native victimization experiences today. Historical context, legislation, and current policies are described, as are existing research findings pertaining to Native IPV. This research, …
Hot Spots Of Crime: Seasonal Patterning Of Campus Crime,
2020
Boise State University
Hot Spots Of Crime: Seasonal Patterning Of Campus Crime, Karen Zahid Armenta Rojas
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Provisions of the Clery Act require institutional reporting of crime on college campuses. Using the Clery Act data from Boise State University in Boise, Idaho, this study examines crime type fluctuation through seasonal patterns using a hot spot analysis. The data are mapped to identify geospatial patterns of crime through the seasons. This study investigates if certain crime types peak depending on the season and if the introduction of resident housing locations shift hot spots around campus using 2012-2018 Boise State Crime Logs. Results illustrate varying patterns of crime on campus through the seasons but general stability in the spatial …
An Investigation Of White-Collar Criminal Sentencing Disparities In Six Federal District Courts,
2020
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
An Investigation Of White-Collar Criminal Sentencing Disparities In Six Federal District Courts, Lauren Frances Elizabeth Galloway
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Since the turn of the century, sentencing research has consistently shown that certain aspects of the social context generally condition individual-level sentencing variations. I further explore this postulation in assessing how legal changes affect courtroom decisions; and in analyzing how extra-legal offender characteristics and judicial attributes influence the likelihood and length of white-collar incarceration sentences. The study hypothesized an emergent sociotemporal trend, largely driven by implementation of white-collar sentencing legislation and a return to judicial discretion, whereby white-collar offenders sentenced in the years post-Booker would receive more lenient punishments (i.e., less likely to be incarcerated and shorter incarceration sentences) than …
A Behavioral Analysis Of Intimate Partner Violence Victims,
2020
Western Michigan University
A Behavioral Analysis Of Intimate Partner Violence Victims, Maryssa Presbitero
Honors Theses
This study derived from the stories of eight women from varying backgrounds who have experienced intimate partner abuse. My analysis focuses on identifying themes across the transcripts of their qualitative open-ended interviews. I was specifically interested in how intimate partner abuse impacted the women’s behavior in terms of surviving the relationships and navigating escape. Given that the interviews included life histories, I was able to also examine themes related to childhood victimization as well. Patterns that arose from their experiences include exposure to violence in the home as children, escalation of abuse in their adult intimate relationships, various struggles to …
A Behavioral Analysis Of Intimate Partner Violence Victims,
2020
Western Michigan University
A Behavioral Analysis Of Intimate Partner Violence Victims, Maryssa Presbitero
Honors Theses
This study derived from the stories of eight women from varying backgrounds who have experienced intimate partner abuse. My analysis focuses on identifying themes across the transcripts of their qualitative open-ended interviews. I was specifically interested in how intimate partner abuse impacted the women’s behavior in terms of surviving the relationships and navigating escape. Given that the interviews included life histories, I was able to also examine themes related to childhood victimization as well. Patterns that arose from their experiences include exposure to violence in the home as children, escalation of abuse in their adult intimate relationships, various struggles to …
Understanding Body-Worn Camera Diffusion In U.S. Policing,
2020
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Understanding Body-Worn Camera Diffusion In U.S. Policing, Justin Nix, Natalie Todak, Brandon Tregle
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
By 2016, approximately one half of American police agencies had adopted body-worn cameras (BWCs). Although a growing body of research has examined the impact of BWCs on outcomes such as use of force, complaints, and perceptions of police, few have considered how and why some agencies adopted BWCs, while others have not. With guidance from the diffusion of innovations paradigm, this study explores variation in BWC adoption by police agencies. Drawing on a survey administered to a national probability sample of 665 municipal police executives in the spring of 2018, we found agency size, region, and the demographic composition of …
