Risk-Contamination And Dilution: Advancing The Rnr Model In Prison Settings,
2024
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Risk-Contamination And Dilution: Advancing The Rnr Model In Prison Settings, Baylee Allen-Flores, Zachary Hamilton, John Ursino, Alex Kigerl
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
The Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model posits separating lower from higher-risk individuals to avoid “risk contamination.” In a prison setting, policies and restrictions lead to mixing different populations within a housing unit. While this may pose a threat, it may allow higher-risk individuals to gradually promote through security levels, reducing risk. We term this “risk dilution.” The current study compares the infraction behavior of individuals that are over-classified (housed higher than their risk) and those under-classified (housed lower than their risk). Using mixed-effect models with a large (N = 52,000) sample of incarcerated men, findings demonstrate support for both contamination and …
The Rise And Fall Of Caribbean Piracy: A Socio-Technical Analysis Of The War Of Spanish Succession, Maritime Innovation, And Edward Randolf’S Policy,
2024
University of South Florida
The Rise And Fall Of Caribbean Piracy: A Socio-Technical Analysis Of The War Of Spanish Succession, Maritime Innovation, And Edward Randolf’S Policy, Dominique M. Salinski
Armstrong Undergraduate Journal of History
This paper argues that the mode and historical context in which piracy ascended in the Caribbean after the War of the Spanish Succession, as well as the historical interrelation between maritime technology and pirate tactics, coalesced into a diachronic Damocles Sword that resulted in the downfall of piracy in the Golden Age. Sanctioning piratical enterprises as a subconventional maritime strategy displayed a geopolitical reliance on piracy by great powers. However, the depraved treatment conventional sailors received across all major European navies generated a social stratum that eventually bore the Golden Age of Piracy, while simultaneously contributing significantly to British naval …
Mental Illness Amongst Incarcerated Individuals And Its Effect On Gaining Employment,
2024
University of Arkansas Little Rock
Mental Illness Amongst Incarcerated Individuals And Its Effect On Gaining Employment, Tionna S. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
More than half the correctional population has a mental health disorder (NIH, 2022). Having a mental health disorder can severely interfere in one’s transition back into the community, specifically surrounding their access to employment. This dissertation analyzes the extent to which the mental health of previously incarcerated individuals affects their employment upon release. Results from this study concluded that having a mental health diagnosis did interfere with previously incarcerated individuals’ access to employment, especially if those individuals were black. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of the findings, limitations, contributions, as well as implications for practitioners, policy makers and researchers.
Minor Role Ii: Youth Under Age 18 And New York City Violence,
2024
CUNY John Jay College
Minor Role Ii: Youth Under Age 18 And New York City Violence, Jeffrey A. Butts, Gina Moreno
Publications and Research
Researchers from John Jay College of Criminal Justice's Research and Evaluation Center analyzed NYPD arrest data from 2006 to 2024 (with 2024 figures estimated) to assess trends in felony assault, felony robbery, and felony weapon offenses across three age groups: under 18, 18–24, and 25 and older. The study examined concerns about youth crime following New York State’s “Raise the Age” law, which shifted most cases involving individuals under 18 to family court by 2019. While arrests rose across all age groups during the COVID-19 pandemic, trends among youth generally paralleled those of adults. Robbery arrests among youth increased more …
Absent Fathers And The Propensity Of Criminal Behaviors Among Children Later In Life,
2024
Walden University
Absent Fathers And The Propensity Of Criminal Behaviors Among Children Later In Life, India Kewanna Holmes
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The purpose of the qualitative phenomenological research was to investigate the experiences of young adults raised by one caregiver and how the lack of fathers in the household impacted their decision-making processes concerning engaging in criminal behaviors. The following inquiry guided the research: What are the effects of fatherlessness on decision-making in young adults, and how is it related to criminal behavior? Semi-structured interviews of 15 participants, aged 18 to 26, were used as the primary data collection method. The interview instrument consisted of ten items, and responses were analyzed using coding and thematic analysis. The study's findings revealed several …
Navigating Entry: The Role Of Exposure And Career Fit Negotiation In Women’S Pathways To Policing In The United States,
2024
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Navigating Entry: The Role Of Exposure And Career Fit Negotiation In Women’S Pathways To Policing In The United States, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Rachael Rief, Trisha Rhodes, Lexi Goodijohn
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications
Women’s engagement in policing in the United States and other countries has not reached its potential. We interviewed 47 women in law enforcement to learn about their pathways into policing. Two primary themes emerged: career discovery through exposure and negotiating career fit. Exposure through interactions with role models, hands-on experiences, and media portrayals, provided a peek into policing. The assessment and negotiation of career “fit” in our study was an ongoing, dynamic process. As participants faced questions about their own characteristics, values, and belonging, exposure in the form of role models and experiences helped them navigate career fit concerns. Implications …
The Perspective Of Formerly Incarcerated African American Men During The Covid-19 Pandemic,
2024
Walden University
The Perspective Of Formerly Incarcerated African American Men During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Iyesha Shauntae' Franklin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The confluence of two devastating circumstances—the COVID-19 pandemic and the crowded, insalubrious living conditions in American jails as a result of mass incarceration, brought about an epidemic of an unprecedented magnitude. The large jail population, highly susceptible to infections due to overcrowded conditions, experienced exponential spread of the virus. While earlier research examined unhealthy situations related to the prison environment and their effects on inmates, the focus of such studies was not typically major crises or disease outbreaks in prisons. This qualitative phenomenological study used 10 participants located in the southeastern United States as a case study to better understand …
Online Crime Reporting: A New Threat To Police Legitimacy?,
2024
Portland State University
Online Crime Reporting: A New Threat To Police Legitimacy?, Kris Henning, Kimberly Kahn, Kathryn Wuschke, Christian Peterson, Stephen Yakots
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Police are more likely to be perceived as legitimate when officers are procedurally just during interactions with the public (i.e. impartial, transparent, fair and respectful). Efforts to reinforce these skills have largely focused on contacts initiated by officers. Less attention has been paid to interactions with crime victims. Moreover, in recent years many police departments have sought to increase efficiency by directing victims to report online, rather than communicating directly with an officer. Very little is known about how victims experience online reporting systems. This study surveyed 1,198 property crime victims who used a large US police department’s online reporting …
From Theory To Screen: Strain In The Gallagher Experience,
2024
Old Dominion University
From Theory To Screen: Strain In The Gallagher Experience, Caroline H. Peabody
OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper applies Agnew’s General Strain Theory to the hit television series Shameless (US), primarily focusing on three of the show’s central characters. The paper argues that the characters’ criminal and deviant actions can be attributed to strain, as defined by Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST). The paper provides a basic overview of GST as well as a synopsis of the show before implementing the theory into an analysis of the show. In addition, this paper explores how criminality highlights the themes of Shameless and acts as an implicit call to action to address strain variables in underprivileged communities. …
Childhood Adversity's Impact On Criminal Behavior,
2024
Florida Institute of Technology
Childhood Adversity's Impact On Criminal Behavior, Isobel Marie Avento
Theses and Dissertations
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and family criminal history, have been identified as potential risk factors for negative physical, psychological, and behavioral health outcomes. Emerging literature suggests that ACEs are also among the primary factors leading to delinquency and adult criminal behavior. However, there is limited applied research that provides practitioners with appropriate insight to intervene when ACEs are identified among juvenile delinquents to reduce recidivism risk. This study adds to the existing literature by examining how cumulative ACEs shape criminal behavior of individuals from the onset until its desistance over the span of twenty years. Using …
Discovering Factors That Influence Young African American Males' (18-25) Satisfaction With And Trust In Northeast Ohio Police,
2024
Walden University
Discovering Factors That Influence Young African American Males' (18-25) Satisfaction With And Trust In Northeast Ohio Police, Timothy David Finucan Jr
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Police officers have been known to use excessive force and abuse their powers during encounters with young African American males (ages 18 to 25), which may lead to lower perception levels of police. This study provides crucial information for criminal justice professionals about the psychological and demographic factors that influence young African American males’ perceptions of police. The purpose of this study was to analyze these factors that influence how young African American males perceive law enforcement after having an encounter with the police and how to make future encounters more pleasurable. The research question in this study was used …
Missing Spies And Political Murder: The Fbi And The Construction Of Crime,
2024
University of Southern Indiana
Missing Spies And Political Murder: The Fbi And The Construction Of Crime, Denise Lynn
Midwest Social Sciences Journal
Juliet Stuart Poyntz disappeared in June 1937 from Manhattan, New York. She was never seen again. The disappearance was not reported until December and the police did not begin a formal investigation until January 1938. Sick from lupus, without her prescriptions, the 50-year-old Poyntz was likely already dead, but her friends did not believe it was because of her untreated disease, it was more likely the Soviet Secret police killed her. One friend in particular, anarchist Carlo Tresca, was very loud in accusing the Soviet Union of her abduction and murder. Tresca gave a press statement, testified before a grand …
Reviewers And Referees,
2024
Valparaiso University
Editorial History,
2024
Valparaiso University
Are Economic Gender Differences The Same Everywhere? Cross-Societal Comparisons In The Early 21st Century,
2024
Wesleyan University
Are Economic Gender Differences The Same Everywhere? Cross-Societal Comparisons In The Early 21st Century, Joyce P. Jacobsen
Midwest Social Sciences Journal
Are gender differences in economic outcomes the same everywhere? Using the most recent available data (generally from the 2021–2023 period), I consider the patterns for these gender differences and provide an annotated list of statistical sources for students and researchers to use in exploring these differences. Overall, women still work less than men in paid work, work more than men in unpaid household work, and make less than men; however, these patterns have converged somewhat, with some narrowing of work and pay gaps relative to the last part of the 20th century, and with women rapidly closing the educational-attainment gap …
Mission And Editorial Policy,
2024
Valparaiso University
Statement From The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences And Board Of Directors,
2024
Valparaiso University
Statement From The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences And Board Of Directors
Midwest Social Sciences Journal
No abstract provided.
Editor's Note,
2024
Valparaiso University
Volume 27, Issue 1 Full Contents,
2024
Valparaiso University
Volume 27, Issue 1 Full Contents
Midwest Social Sciences Journal
No abstract provided.
Author Biographical Notes,
2024
Valparaiso University
