Modeling The Trauma-Antisociality Relationship As Mediated By World Assumptions: Associations With Gender And Drinking Outcomes,
2017
University of New Mexico
Modeling The Trauma-Antisociality Relationship As Mediated By World Assumptions: Associations With Gender And Drinking Outcomes, Kathryn Fokas
Psychology ETDs
Previous research has established links between traumatic experiences and externalizing pathology including substance use and antisocial behavior, but little is known about potential mechanisms linking these phenomena. This study proposed a novel conceptual model linking these phenomena via the cognitive mechanism of negative world assumptions, or beliefs about the inherent dangerousness and unpredictability of life and others. Given previous mixed findings, this study also sought to explore potential interactions between gender and these phenomena. It was hypothesized that, within a sample of adults seeking alcohol treatment, world assumptions would mediate and gender would moderate the trauma-antisociality association. It also was …
Routine Activity Theory At The Census Tract-Level,
2017
University of Missouri-St. Louis
Routine Activity Theory At The Census Tract-Level, Abigail G. Orscheln
Theses
The purpose of this study is to better understand predictors of neighborhood crime in metropolitan areas through a routine activity theory (RAT) lens. This paper examines whether neighborhood-level aspects of RAT have varying explanatory power for different crimes. This is accomplished by drawing on a sample of census tracts from the National Neighborhood Crime Study (NNCS). Using these data, multiple independent variables are regressed on four different types of crime using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The results do not suggest that there is a strong degree of variation in the ability of specific measures to predict specific forms …
A Multilevel Examination Of The Black Middle Class, Segregation, And Neighborhood Crime,
2017
University of Missouri -- St. Louis
A Multilevel Examination Of The Black Middle Class, Segregation, And Neighborhood Crime, Claire A. Greene
Theses
In The Declining Significance of Race, William Julius Wilson (1987) raised key questions about the fate of urban black class structure and the social organization of black communities in the wake of civil rights era reforms. Unlike in previous decades, Wilson asserted that today’s black neighborhoods comprise almost exclusively of the most disadvantaged segments of the African American population, and therefore lack the basic opportunities, resources, and social controls necessary to reduce crime. In response, this study moves away from a focus on the “ghetto” poor to contextualize the neighborhood crime conditions of middle class blacks. Drawing on social …
Was Jack The Ripper A Slaughterman? Human-Animal Violence And The World’S Most Infamous Serial Killer,
2017
University of Winchester
Was Jack The Ripper A Slaughterman? Human-Animal Violence And The World’S Most Infamous Serial Killer, Andrew Knight, Katherine D. Watson
Cruelty to Animals and Human Violence Collection
Hundreds of theories exist concerning the identity of “Jack the Ripper”. His propensity for anatomical dissection with a knife—and in particular the rapid location and removal of specific organs—led some to speculate that he must have been surgically trained. However, re-examination of a mortuary sketch of one of his victims has revealed several aspects of incisional technique highly inconsistent with professional surgical training. Related discrepancies are also apparent in the language used within the only letter from Jack considered to be probably authentic. The techniques he used to dispatch his victims and retrieve their organs were, however, highly consistent with …
Exploring Victim Precipitation In Internet Crimes Against Children,
2017
Lynchburg College
Exploring Victim Precipitation In Internet Crimes Against Children, Bryce L. Coulter
Student Scholar Showcase
In the past decade, reports of online child sexual exploitation have significantly increased. The purpose of this study is to explore how Internet technology has influenced the family structure resulting in the increased vulnerability of juveniles. The Family Systems theory provides rationale as to how the nurturing relationship between juvenile and parent can be reversed. The conceptualized ‘role reversal’ is characterized by parents consistently seeking nurture from their child results in the neglecting of their own child’s development. A secondary data analysis of 356 online child sexual exploitation case files from 2007 to 2014 was utilized to explore victim precipitation …
The Martin Institute Prints, Spring 2017,
2017
Stonehill College
The Martin Institute Prints, Spring 2017, Stonehill College Martin Institute
The Martin Institute: Prints
No abstract provided.
Addressing The Opioid Epidemic: North Andover Police Department,
2017
Merrimack College
Addressing The Opioid Epidemic: North Andover Police Department, James Buckley
Honors Senior Capstone Projects
The opioid epidemic is not just a problem that affects major cities, as there is a growing market for heroin in suburban communities. North Andover saw a spike from only seven overdoses in 2015, to twenty-three possible overdoses in just the first nine and a half months of 2016, depicting evidence of how grave the problem really has become in the community. The epidemic is not an issue that can be delayed and gradually deliberated, as immediate action is required to treat individuals affected and heal the community as a whole. The heroin problem has reached North Andover and the …
Deterrence, Tough On Crime, And Links To The Prison Population Rate,
2017
John Carroll University
Deterrence, Tough On Crime, And Links To The Prison Population Rate, Brennan Kirkpatrick
Celebration of Scholarship 2012-2017
This paper examines the relationship between different social factors, Tough on Crime Legislation and prison population rates in order to determine what factors affect prison population rates. The analysis of prison population rate at the state level found that all forms of tough on crime legislation in the purview of this study with the exception of Three Strikes You’re Out laws increased the prison population rate. In addition this analysis used private prison population rate as a new measure of Tough on Crime legislation, finding increased private population rate relates to an increase in prison population rate. Social conditions within …
Race And Justice Outcomes: Contextualizing Racial Discrimination And Ferguson,
2017
Montclair State University
Race And Justice Outcomes: Contextualizing Racial Discrimination And Ferguson, Jason M. Williams
Ralph Bunche Journal of Public Affairs
While scores of literature may hint at the tumultuous relationship between the criminal justice system and Blacks, such literature, however, fail to assess, comprehensively, the intersectional purpose of present criminal justice processes and race. This paper will examine contemporary applications of justice along racial lines. It is argued that current justice outcomes are advantageous to the status quo. It is no secret that the American system of justice has a race problem; however, if the goal is to administer justice then, as this paper argues, the current system needs to be seriously examined and rebuilt. The paper also argues that …
Working Together: Examining The Effects Of Parental And Community Involvement In Schools On School Delinquency,
2017
Old Dominion University
Working Together: Examining The Effects Of Parental And Community Involvement In Schools On School Delinquency, Erica Nicole Bower
Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations
How do we confront the problem of school delinquency? This study examined the impact of parental and community involvement in schools on school delinquency by employing a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the 2008 School Survey on Crime and Safety. Bivariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that parental involvement in schools is significantly associated with and predictive of decreased school delinquency, while community involvement in schools is significantly associated with and predictive of increased school delinquency. Findings suggest that based on school administrator perceptions, stimulating parent involvement in schools and cultivating certain types of community involvement in schools may reduce delinquency …
Freedom And Unity: Examining The Individualized, Community-Based Process Of Restorative Justice In Vermont And What It Can Teach Other States, Through A Trainer's Lens,
2017
SIT Graduate Institute
Freedom And Unity: Examining The Individualized, Community-Based Process Of Restorative Justice In Vermont And What It Can Teach Other States, Through A Trainer's Lens, Megan Grove
Capstone Collection
How can communities and law enforcement embrace a cultural shift to address conflict in a way that restores relationships and makes amends instead of one that punishes and criminalizes certain behaviors and individuals? How can we create spaces where those who commit harm, those who are impacted by harm, and other affected parties can come together with equal voice, have their needs met, and communicate in healthy ways? This Course-Linked Capstone in Training, situated in Brattleboro, Vermont, looks at the power of restorative justice and restorative processes to heal relationships and empower communities to care for one another and address …
Twenty Reasons To Publish In Dignity,
2017
University of Rhode Island
Twenty Reasons To Publish In Dignity, Donna M. Hughes
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
No abstract provided.
The Economic Legacies Of Lingering Colonialism: A Case Study In Identity And Multiculturalism In Northern Morocco And The Spanish Enclaves,
2017
SIT Study Abroad
The Economic Legacies Of Lingering Colonialism: A Case Study In Identity And Multiculturalism In Northern Morocco And The Spanish Enclaves, Jeremy Vale
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Founded in ancient times, the twin Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla combined comprise just 11.8 square miles and have fewer than 200,000 inhabitants. Despite their rather insignificant sizes, they are important because they serve as the only land borders between the European Union and the African continent, generating a host of complicated questions. This research explores the role of smuggling as a form of micro-economy and identity. Through interviews of Moroccans with ties to smuggling as well as interviews with residents of Ceuta, this case study begins to examine the role smuggling plays in the debates about the sovereignty …
Understanding The Decline In Child Victimization: A National-And-State-Level Analysis Of Child Abuse And Neglect Trends,
2017
University of Missouri, St. Louis
Understanding The Decline In Child Victimization: A National-And-State-Level Analysis Of Child Abuse And Neglect Trends, Maribeth L. Rezey
Dissertations
Figures from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) suggest that national rates of child maltreatment declined during the last decade of the 20th century and into the 21st century. These data, which are derived from official state child protective service agency record systems, have frequently been used to measure changes in child abuse and neglect in the U.S. and in individual U.S. states. However, because the NCANDS has yet to be assessed for methodological issues surrounding the validity of the data to measure temporal change, it is unknown if the decline revealed in the NCANDS …
Analysis Of Worcester's Youth Employment Sector,
2017
Clark University
Analysis Of Worcester's Youth Employment Sector, Laurie Ross Phd, Ramon Borges-Mendez Phd, Alex Rothfelder
Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise
Overall, the employment rate for Worcester youth has improved since 2000; yet mirroring the nation, Worcester continues to have a smaller share of youth 16-24 employed. This situation is intensified for youth of color and young people facing barriers such as homelessness, exiting foster care, juvenile justice involvement, and limited English proficiency. Mass, Inc. estimates that in Worcester there are 3400 disconnected youth—756 are between 16-19 and 2644 are between 20-24. From the youth employment program inventory, we learned that the city’s programs offer many opportunities for “first job” experiences; has some exemplary programs that integrate youth development and workforce …
Perceptions Of Justice And Motivations For Becoming A Police Officer: Differences Across Recruits And Law Enforcement Officers,
2017
Kennesaw State University
Perceptions Of Justice And Motivations For Becoming A Police Officer: Differences Across Recruits And Law Enforcement Officers, Erika J. Waterman-Smith
Master of Science in Criminal Justice Theses & (Pre-2016) Policy Research Projects
This study examined the motivations for choosing law enforcement as a career and perceptions of different prevalent criminal justice issues among police recruits and police officers. Additionally, the motivations and perceptions were compared across recruits and officers to see if they changed over time. The purpose of this study was to see if the police subculture and socialization had an impact on their motivations and perceptions. A survey method was administered on a sample of both recruits and officers from several Southeastern police departments. Bivariate analyses indicated that there were several significant differences across recruits and police officers in their …
Veterinarians And Their Perception Of The Treatment Of Animal Abuse Cases In The Criminal Justice System,
2017
Illinois State University
Veterinarians And Their Perception Of The Treatment Of Animal Abuse Cases In The Criminal Justice System, Dustin A. Richardson
Theses and Dissertations
Americans love their companion animals. In 2015, nearly two-thirds (65%) of all households in the U.S. housed at least one pet (APPA, n.d.). This love does not translate to policy, however, as many animals are left defenseless. Interestingly, the Animal Legal Defense Fund (2016) has ranked Illinois’ animal protection laws as the strongest in the nation for the last eight years. Extant animal abuse research is almost exclusively concerned with the ramifications that the abuse has for humans, and there is a dearth of social science research that examines veterinarians and the criminal justice system. Extremely limited research on this …
An Examination Of The Evolution Of Racially Biased Pretextual Investigatory Stops And Their Legitimacy In Policing,
2017
Illinois State University
An Examination Of The Evolution Of Racially Biased Pretextual Investigatory Stops And Their Legitimacy In Policing, Brett A. Lacey
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines the use of tactics originally purposed as a component of the Drug Enforcement Agency’s Operation Pipeline and their evolution since their creation in the 1980’s. The paper provides a history of investigatory policing stops regarding the argument of Epp et al. (2014) that primarily relied on Police Chief magazine and Remsberg’s Street Survival. Epp argues that the methods used in investigatory stops are an invasion of privacy, use racial profiling, and have proliferated from a tactic used in the war on drugs to combat drug trafficking to a routine day-to-day policing tactic. Through the use of a …
The Impact Of Employment On Probationer Recidivism,
2017
Illinois State University
The Impact Of Employment On Probationer Recidivism, Clayton T. Cottle
Theses and Dissertations
There is increasing need to understand and improve rates of recidivism in all fields associated with the Criminal Justice system. This research investigated the influence that employment status and job stability have on probationer recidivism. For this project, recidivism is defined as any arrest within four years after the termination of probation. Results from this study indicate that obtaining and sustaining employment can reduce the likelihood of recidivism in probationers. Additionally, the findings suggest that job stability is indicative of increased desistance. Findings from this study lend support to the notion that there is an employment-crime relationship. The findings of …
An Examination Of Within And Between Family Influences On The Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence And Maltreatment,
2017
University of Nebraska at Omaha
An Examination Of Within And Between Family Influences On The Intergenerational Transmission Of Violence And Maltreatment, Bradon A. Valgardson
UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant problem that results in long-term mental and physical health issues. Previous research has identified a wide range of factors that potentially contribute to IPV perpetration, with childhood and adolescent maltreatment being some of the more commonly examined sources of influence. Despite these contributions, maltreatment has not been adequately distinguished from additional sources of influence that tend to cluster within families, such as other adverse family experiences and genetic influences. The current study attempts to better isolate the influence of maltreatment on IPV perpetration through the use of a sibling sample from the National …
