From The Editor In Chief,
2025
US Army War College
From The Editor In Chief, Antulio J. Echevarria Ii
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Welcome to the Autumn 2025 issue of Parameters. We open with two In Focus commentaries. The first, “A Case for Military Proportionality: Disabling Nuclear Plants” by Henry Sokolski, offers practical ways in which military planners can disable civilian targets, such as nuclear infrastructure, without undermining operational goals, alliance cohesion, or long-term political objectives. Our second commentary, “The Consequences of Declining Patriotism in the United States” by Neil N. Snyder, presents findings from a national survey showing a decline in patriotism, especially among Generation Z nonveterans. His article highlights a growing civil-military values gap with implications for recruitment and national …
The Consequences Of Declining Patriotism In The United States,
2025
US Army War College
The Consequences Of Declining Patriotism In The United States, Neil N. Snyder
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Patriotism, an important determinant of American civil-military relations, is in decline among many Americans. This article analyzes the results of an extensive national survey fielded to assess Americans’ attitudes and finds that more veterans value patriotism than Generation Z nonveterans, that Americans’ trust in their military is correlated with their value for patriotism, and that members of Generation Z are more likely to consider serving in the US military if they value patriotism. Although patriotism is normally a source of national unity, it may now be a source of division between veterans, nonveterans, and Generation Z.
Russian Arctic Land Forces And Defense Trends Redefined By Nato And Ukraine,
2025
US Army War College
Russian Arctic Land Forces And Defense Trends Redefined By Nato And Ukraine, Troy J. Bouffard, Lester W. Grau, Charles K. Bartles, Mathieu Boulègue
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
This article argues that Russia’s Arctic land forces have been weakened by the Russia-Ukraine War and NATO’s northern expansion, creating a strategic window for Western militaries to bolster their Arctic capabilities. Unlike existing studies that focus on maritime operations and the Northern Sea Route, it integrates technical assessments of ground-based Arctic platforms with analysis of military-district reforms. Using a mixed methodology that incorporates equipment specifications, Russian government documents, media reports, and NATO strategic-response evaluations, this article constructs a comprehensive baseline understanding of Russia’s Arctic land-force potential and readiness. Policy and military practitioners will benefit from actionable insights into Arctic force-design …
Parameters Autumn 2025,
2025
US Army War College
Parameters Autumn 2025, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
No abstract provided.
Strategies For Addressing The School Vaping Problem In The United States,
2025
Walden University
Strategies For Addressing The School Vaping Problem In The United States, Shanika Cole
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Vaping has become a pressing health concern among students, providing easy access to nicotine and other harmful chemicals. In schools, this issue threatened student well-being, discipline, and policy enforcement, underscoring the need for effective prevention. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to examine of the U.S. school practices and policies addressing vaping and (b) the development of a strategic prevention and intervention plan informed by the American Stop Smoking Intervention Study Framework (ASSIST Model). The study focused on one public school system and sought to answer practice-based research questions: How can the Board of Education effectively decrease vaping incidence …
Lived Experiences Of Transgender And Non-Conforming Individuals Related To Gender Separation Bathroom Policies,
2025
Walden University
Lived Experiences Of Transgender And Non-Conforming Individuals Related To Gender Separation Bathroom Policies, Patricia Ojea
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The transgender and gender non-conforming population experiences discrimination when using public restrooms, but scholarly researchers do not know how the varying degrees of acceptance or rejection impact their daily lives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the lived experiences of transgender and non-conforming (TGNC) adults to determine if bathroom legislation helps alleviate adversity experienced by this group. Kingdon's multiple-streams framework and Meyer's minority stress theory were the theoretical frameworks that served as this study's foundation. The research questions for this study focused on how the lack of enabling restroom policies in New Jersey impacts TGNC adults …
Civil Servant Disobedience: An Alternative Legal Strategy To Prevent Bureaucratic Pathology,
2025
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Civil Servant Disobedience: An Alternative Legal Strategy To Prevent Bureaucratic Pathology, Richo Andi Wibowo
The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies
This paper seeks to provide conceptual and empirical justifications for civil servants to engage in disobedience to curb bureaucratic pathology. Various civil servants have long complained that they face illegal instructions from their superiors. The cases discussed here are from public procurement, which has a dimension of political corruption, a recurring problem in many places in Indonesia. Thus, the problem shall be seen as a bureaucratic pathology rather than as maladministration. As the reporting of superiors to legal enforcers may be too risky, the disobedience can be accomplished by refusing to cooperate with superiors who give illegal instructions. The term …
Gentrification And Voter Turnout In Urban School Board Elections,
2025
Tennessee State University
Gentrification And Voter Turnout In Urban School Board Elections, Erika Leicht
Tennessee State University Alumni Theses and Dissertations
Gentrification is a process in which low-income urban neighborhoods experience reinvestment and an influx of higher socioeconomic status (SES) residents. There is a growing literature on the impacts of gentrification on public schools, including effects on enrollment, student achievement, and parent involvement. This study examined whether gentrification is related to voter turnout in school board elections in urban local education agencies (LEAs) in Texas. It also examined whether the relationship between gentrification and voter turnout varies depending on the availability of school choice options and the racial/ethnic differences between public school students and neighborhood populations. Using a fractional logistic regression …
The Role Of Information Technology In Increasing The Volume Of Electronic Trading And Attracting Investment - Iraq Stock Exchange Securities Case Study,
2025
Al-Nahrain University, College of Business Economics, Baghdad, Iraq
The Role Of Information Technology In Increasing The Volume Of Electronic Trading And Attracting Investment - Iraq Stock Exchange Securities Case Study, Amna Shehab Ahmed Al-Hassan
Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences
This research aims to measure the impact of information and communication technology on the performance of the stock market by measuring the trading volume in the Iraqi market during the period 2009–2023, after the introduction of information and communication technology. To achieve the study's objective, the ordinary least squares method was used to calculate the effects of information technology on the indicators of the Iraqi Stock Exchange. The study results are reflected in the presence of a direct relationship between the information and communication technology indicator represented by (trading volume) and the indicators of the Iraqi stock market, which means …
Measurement And Analysis Of The Impact Of Money Supply Growth On The Capital Adequacy Of The Iraqi Banking System For The Period (2010-2023),
2025
Al-Muthanna University
Measurement And Analysis Of The Impact Of Money Supply Growth On The Capital Adequacy Of The Iraqi Banking System For The Period (2010-2023), Hayder .H. Al-Bujabir, Hussein Naeem Sonan
Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences
This study explores the dynamic relationship between money supply and capital adequacy in the Iraqi banking sector from 2010 to 2023. It analyzes the impact of increased money supply on Iraqi banks’ ability to maintain sufficient capital to mitigate potential financial risks and ensure the banking system’s stability. The research examines both the direct and indirect effects of money supply expansion on banks’ available capital. It reflects the challenges and opportunities of liquidity expansion and its implications for banks’ capacity to manage financial crises. The study also addresses the role of monetary policies adopted by the Central Bank of Iraq …
The Role Of Blockchain Technology In The Quality Of Electronic Services: An Exploratory Study Of The Opinions Of Individuals Working In A Sample Of Private Banks In The City Of Mosul,
2025
College of Administration and Economics, University of Mosul
The Role Of Blockchain Technology In The Quality Of Electronic Services: An Exploratory Study Of The Opinions Of Individuals Working In A Sample Of Private Banks In The City Of Mosul, Zaid Fawzi Ayoob Al-Sheikh, Bassam Mohammed Yaseen, Faraj Nghaimesh Faraj
Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences
The current research seeks to identify the role of blockchain technology in enhancing the quality of electronic services. The research relied on testing blockchain technology as an independent variable, the quality of electronic services as a dependent variable, and an analytical field framework to identify the nature of the correlation and influence relationship between the research variables. The data was collected based on the questionnaire form prepared for this purpose. It was tested using statistical methods in the (SPSS) program. A total of 84 valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most prominent …
The Role Of Service Quality In Enhancing Competitive Advantage In The Health Sectors,
2025
Department of Internal Department Affair, Al Muthana University
The Role Of Service Quality In Enhancing Competitive Advantage In The Health Sectors, Hassanin.H. Hatef
Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences
The research aims to reveal the role of the quality of health sector services in achieving a competitive advantage in Muthanna Governorate, where the research used the descriptive approach. The research community consisted of a sample of employees in the health sectors in Muthanna Governorate, and the questionnaire was utilized to collect data and information and then analyze it into a set of statistical methods. The research sample was selected randomly, where (164) questionnaires were distributed, only (32) were retrieved, and the final sample was (132) employees. The results reached were described, analyzed, and interpreted. The survey approach was also …
The Arrogant Attitude Of The Chief Audit Executive And Its Impact On Poor Communication With Audit Teams And Organizational Value,
2025
Department of Accounting, College of Administration and Economics, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
The Arrogant Attitude Of The Chief Audit Executive And Its Impact On Poor Communication With Audit Teams And Organizational Value, Akeel Dakheel Kareem, Maytham Abed Kadem, Almed Faisal Taqi
Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences
This study aims to examine the impact of the superiority complex of the Chief Internal Auditor on the lack of communication with the audit team and its effect on the institution’s value. A questionnaire was designed and divided into three main dimensions: (1) the superiority complex of the Chief Internal Auditor, (2) the lack of communication skills within the audit team, and (3) the institution’s value. The study targeted employees working in the internal audit departments of Iraqi universities, with a sample of 186 internal auditors. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.26. The study’s findings indicate a negative …
Responsive Supply Chain And Its Role In Reducing Some Supply Chain Risks: A Field Study In Al- Mosul Company For Iron And Steel,
2025
College of Administration and Economics, University of Mosul, Iraq
Responsive Supply Chain And Its Role In Reducing Some Supply Chain Risks: A Field Study In Al- Mosul Company For Iron And Steel, Ali Waleed Hazim Al Abady
Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economics Sciences
The current research aims to attempt to demonstrate the extent of the contribution of the responsive supply chain, which represented the independent variable, in reducing some supply chain risks represented by (supply risks, demand risks, process risks, and environmental risks), which represented the dependent variable in Al- Mosul Company For Iron and Steel, at a time when companies’ interest in reducing their supply chain risks has increased, which enables them to stand up to local and international competitors. Through the researcher’s survey, it became clear that the company is facing a problem, as it cannot confront several supply chain risks. …
Decision Making In Child Protection Services: Aftermath Of A Child Fatality,
2025
Walden University
Decision Making In Child Protection Services: Aftermath Of A Child Fatality, Kevin Marino
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Child fatalities resulting from abuse and neglect have a residual effect on families, communities, and child protective services (CPS) professionals tasked with ensuring child safety. The purpose of the mixed-methods study was to examine how CPS professionals made decisions in high-risk and fatality cases by evaluating decision-making processes, identifying contextual and interpersonal influences, and addressing practice questions related to administrative data, case records, caseworker and supervisor perspectives, cost implications, and organizational supports. The theoretical framework of Simon’s theory of bounded rationality and near decomposability along with Fluke et al.’s ecology of decision-making model formed the study’s analysis. The study included …
Public Compliance Towards Indonesian National Police (Polri) Authority In The Midst Of A Strained Public-Police Relationship,
2025
The Australian National University
Public Compliance Towards Indonesian National Police (Polri) Authority In The Midst Of A Strained Public-Police Relationship, Ilham Dwi Hatmawan
Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia
Public trust in the Indonesian National Police (Polri) has experienced significant fluctuations due to allegations of misconduct, corruption, and excessive use of force. This study examines the relationship between public trust and compliance with Polri authority, particularly in the context of strained police-community relations. Drawing on procedural justice and restorative regulation theories, the research argues that trust directly influences voluntary compliance and that procedural justice alone is insufficient to repair legitimacy deficits. Instead, a dual model combining procedural fairness with restorative reconciliation, including acknowledgment of past harms and community dialogue is proposed as a more effective strategy for rebuilding trust. …
Implementation Of Public-Private Partnership Model Towards Ideal Operationalization Of Correctional Institution In Indonesia,
2025
Ciamis Class IIB Correctional Facility
Implementation Of Public-Private Partnership Model Towards Ideal Operationalization Of Correctional Institution In Indonesia, Sani Siti Aisyah -
Jurnal Kriminologi Indonesia
The increasing popularity of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in prison or correctional institution development and management is currently often studied from an economic perspective that prioritizes state budget efficiency and is rarely studied from a social perspective that prioritizes benefits for the community in the context of social control. Realizing that PPP has positive potential in the ideal operationalization of correctional institution amidst limited human resources and budget, this study examines various correctional institution PPP models using the correction theory framework. This study was designed as an exploratory qualitative study using interview, document studies, field observations and FGD. This study successfully …
Reorganization: An Exploration Of Public Workplace Outsourcing, A Strategic Plan,
2025
Walden University
Reorganization: An Exploration Of Public Workplace Outsourcing, A Strategic Plan, Joshua Bicchinella
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
An education agency experienced a decline in loan originations from 2013 to 2023, creating fiscal challenges that threatened service sustainability. This created a need for operational strategies to stabilize funding and preserve resources. The problem was significant to the organization and the community’s ability to obtain equitable educational opportunities. The practice-focused question asked: What are the perspectives of staff and management concerning the agency's strategies to downsize and realign for sustainability? The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore staff and management perspectives on downsizing and outsourcing as strategies to maintain operations. The study was informed by concepts …
Assessing The Impact Of Cdbg And Home Block Grants On Housing Affordability In The Las Vegas–Henderson–Paradise Metropolitan Statistical Area,
2025
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Assessing The Impact Of Cdbg And Home Block Grants On Housing Affordability In The Las Vegas–Henderson–Paradise Metropolitan Statistical Area, David Hasan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This dissertation aimed to analyze the impacts of aggregated federal funding from the CDBG and HOME block grants on temporal changes in the Housing Affordability Index (HAI Change). The temporal change in Housing Affordability between 2011–2015 and 2016–2020 was constructed as the dependent variable to measure the direct and indirect impacts of CDBG/HOME funding. Therefore, this dissertation seeks to identify the impacts of aggregated funding on changes in housing affordability and to explore spatial spillover effects through spatial dependencies that may influence housing affordability change as a dependent variable. The geographical area of this study is the Las Vegas–Henderson–Paradise MSA, …
Evaluation Of Nibin-Generated Leads And Whether They Contribute To Solving Violent Crimes,
2025
Walden University
Evaluation Of Nibin-Generated Leads And Whether They Contribute To Solving Violent Crimes, Massi Martin
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The client organization had not previously analyzed the impact of its NIBIN program. This lack of analysis potentially impeded informed decision-making regarding staffing and resource allocation. The purpose of this study was to address the practice-focused research question: What impact do NIBIN leads have on case closure rates for aggravated assaults and homicides involving firearms? A Cox proportional hazards regression model, a type of survival analysis, was used to analyze the data, which was based on the Locard exchange principle. Data were collected from the organization’s record management system. The findings were that NIBIN leads significantly contributed to faster case …
