Peace and Conflict Studies Commons^™

The ‘Evidentiary Bind’ In Postwar Land Restitution: The Case Of Sri Lanka, Jon D. Unruh

International Journal of Peace Studies

The enormity of the world’s dislocated population generated by contemporary conflicts has brought significant attention to a complicated process of returning housing, land and property (HLP) to their rightful occupants once conditions permit. As the complexity of large-scale HLP restitution becomes increasingly apparent, significant obstacles emerge that require examination. This article describes how the ‘evidentiary bind’ is such an obstacle. This bind emerges when large-scale HLP restitution processes require titles and deeds to be in the possession of the population who are the least likely to have them—the forcibly displaced. The technical, legal and political inability to acknowledge and accept …

The Waiting List: Addressing The Immediate And Long-Term Needs Of Victims Of Explosive Weapons In Syria., Hi

Global CWD Repository

This report looks at the challenges linked to the use of explosive weapons in the Syrian context for the provision of adequate immediate assistance and to plan for mid- to long-term assistance to the victims of explosive violence, to ensure their full recovery and inclusion into society. It is based on data and testimonies collected from humanitarian agencies, actors and patients across all areas of control in Syria. The testimony of Farah, a Syrian girl injured during the bombing of her school, and of her mother, is shared throughout the report to illustrate the challenges faced by victims.

The report …

Re-Evaluating Burton’S Human Needs Approach From Critical Theory Perspectives, Gavin John Bradshaw, Casper Lötter

International Journal of Peace Studies

An initial response to the thought-provoking critique of John Burton’s conflict resolution approach by Laureen Park (2010), became a substantive re-evaluation of Burton’s Human Needs approach. Her critique is based on the idea that Burton’s basic human needs approach is ‘biological’, and overly deterministic, and therefore to be rejected out of hand. We defend Burton’s position, using the ideas of the very Critical Theory/psychoanalysis and poststructuralist perspectives that she also uses, and point out that Burton’s thinking is ultimately not entirely at odds with the central tenets of the first, second and third generation Critical Theory scholars such as Horkheimer, …

A Model Of A Multilateral Proxy War With Spillovers, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao Faria, Timothy Mathews

Faculty Articles

Motivated by the war in Syria and the ascension of ISIS, this paper models a proxy war with three sponsors and three combatants as a dynamic game. Sponsors are leaders that provide resources for combatants to fight each other. Sponsors 1 and 2 have strong aversion to sponsor 3's proxy, but not against each other. Three pure strategy equilibria exist in the game. When the ex post value of winning is small, all players fight in equilibrium. However, when the ex post value of winning is large, in equilibrium either sponsors 1 and 2 coordinate their actions, with one of …

Simple Analytics Of The Impact Of Terror Generation On Attacker-Defender Interactions, Timothy Mathews, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao Faria

Faculty Articles

A simple Attacker-Defender interaction is analyzed, in which a single terrorist (denoted T) will potentially attack a single target in the homeland of a government/state (denoted G). This interaction is modeled as a one-shot sequential move game in which G first chooses how heavily to defend the target, after which T chooses whether or not to stage an attack. T's benefit from a successful attack is allowed to be increasing in the amount of resources that G allocates to defense. In the context of terrorism, this has multiple reasonable interpretations, including situations in which: (i) citizens of the target country …

Table Of Contents

International Journal of Peace Studies

No abstract provided.

Information About The Authors

International Journal of Peace Studies

No abstract provided.

Eroding The Barrier Between Peace And Justice: Transitional Justice Mechanisms And Sustainable Peace, Jeffery D. Pugh

International Journal of Peace Studies

The expansion of international trials over the last decades has reinvigorated the debate surrounding the efficacy of retributive justice over restorative justice in response to mass humanitarian crises. This study examines the ways different transitional justice models contribute to stable peace. It suggests that a hybrid utilization of both restorative justice mechanisms (e.g., amnesty) and retributive justice mechanisms (e.g., trials) is most effective in achieving a stable peace in a post-accord state, and that context is an important intervening factor. Using a mixed method approach, I first examine a group of 25 test cases, analyzing the relationship between restorative and …

International Journal Of Peace Studies Volume 24, Number 1, Summer 2019

International Journal of Peace Studies

No abstract provided.

Conditions Affecting The Outcome Of Peace Operations In Post-Cold War Africa, Aaron Kyle Smith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

What factors have led to successful outcomes in international peace operations conducted in Sub Saharan African countries? What factors explain mission failure? I proposed a basic theory of peace operations that linked conflict conditions to mandate design to the capability of an intervening force deployed for mission implementation developed from arguments and empirical results of previous research.

Data on 86 peace operations that occurred in 23 African states covering 33 separate conflict periods between 1990 and 2015 was analyzed. My main findings showed that mandates were derived from conflict assessments and determined the size of intervening force required. The results …

International Campaign To Ban Landmines-Cluster Munition Coalition Annual Report 2019, Icbl-Cmc

Global CWD Repository

In 2018, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines – Cluster Munition Coalition (ICBLCMC) encouraged the universalization and full implementation of the Mine Ban Treaty and Convention on Cluster Munitions, with a focus on three goals:

• No more use of landmines or cluster munitions
• A significant decrease in land contaminated by landmines and cluster munitions
• Measurable progress in the quality of life for victims of mines and cluster munitions

The ICBL-CMC’s unique advocacy value is rooted in contributions from a campaign network spanning over 100 countries, and operationalized through the Investing in Action program of support to national campaigns and the …

Norwegian People's Aid Humanitarian Policy, Npa

Global CWD Repository

This document is NPA’s policy for humanitarian response. The humanitarian policy derives from and complements NPA’s international strategy. The policy is also informed by NPA’s partnership policy and gender equality policy. It outlines the challenges we address, defines the goals and objectives we aim to achieve, and provides an overview of responses and working methods employed in order to attain these objectives.

Apopo Annual Report 2019, Apopo

Global CWD Repository

APOPO originated from the idea of its founder Bart Weetjens to trains rats for the detection of landmines. Now, over 20 years later, APOPO deploys rats to find landmines and tuberculosis in many affected countries, and continues innovating to use its African Giant Pouched Rats in the battle against other scourges.

APOPO trains these ‘HeroRATs’ using positive reinforcement – they receive tasty treats when they identify a target scent. HeroRATs are at the core of the organization and it’s reflected in the way they are protected and responsibly raised.

Our Training and Research center is based at the foothills of …

Unmas Annual Report 2019, Unmas

Global CWD Repository

The work of UNMAS makes a difference in the lives of people. In its role as United Nations mine action coordinator, UNMAS enables and accelerates many of the core activities of the United Nations — from humanitarian action and peacekeeping to sustainable development and peacebuilding. In 2019, the clearance of landmines, explosive remnants of war (ERW) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) paved the way for food distribution centres, playing fields and schools. Roads were made safe, ensuring that people could travel to markets, humanitarian workers could deliver assistance, and peacekeepers could go on patrol. UNMAS, guided by the United Nations …

Gichd Strategy 2019-2022, Gichd

Global CWD Repository

“A world in which communities thrive, free from risks from explosive ordnance.” This is the vision that guides the GICHD 2019-2022 Strategy. Its four Strategic Objectives: Supporting the Conventions, Protecting communities from explosive harm, The safe return of land and infrastructure to people, and Gender equality and inclusion, will guide the GICHD’s work over the next four years and enable our partners to reduce the risks of explosive ordnance.

Iraq Programme Report 2019, Unmas

Global CWD Repository

Transition: In 2019, UNMAS Iraq, along with its implementing partners and in collaboration with other United Nations (UN) organizations, continued to contribute to that end despite continuing security threats where we work, political uncertainty, social unrest, and reduced fund-ing for our clearance work, risk education programmes, and technical assistance provided to our Iraqi counterparts. In response, UNMAS Iraq:

• Clearance: Introduced a new business model with a reduced “international footprint”. By gradually reducing international staff and re-deploying the remainder from “hands on” clearance tasks to exclusively supervisory, consultative and quality assurance roles in support of an increased, fully qualified local staff. …

Ninth Meeting Of States Parties To The Convention On Cluster Munitions, Convention On Cluster Munitions

Global CWD Repository

This submission contains all published documents from the Ninth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions

Relevansi Pendekatan Posdisipliner Pada Kajian Stratejik Global Dan Revolusi Industri “3.0”, “4.0”, Akhyar Yusuf Lubis

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Artikel ini menggambarkan fenomena cyberculture yang mencakup setiap aspek kehidupan sehari-hari dan kehidupan akademik. Revolusi informasi dari 3.0 ke 4.0 memunculkan perubahan radikal dalam konteks sosial- budaya menjadi fenomena digital, seperti ekonomi digital, kejahatan dunia maya, perang dunia maya, atau pertahanan virtual. Sejalan dengan argumen ini, penulis setuju dengan Klaus Schwab bahwa industri 4.0 akan berubah, tidak hanya konteks sosial-budaya, tetapi akan berdampak pada individu dan masyarakat juga sebagai "manusia digital". Tidak tepat menganalisis situasi dan kondisi ini dengan paradigma lama. Kita membutuhkan paradigma baru yang dapat mempelajari semua fenomena ini, yaitu pendekatan disiplin ilmu. Untuk mengungkapkan paradigma baru ini, …

Analisis Kebijakan Kepemilikan Asing Pada Sektor Perbankan Di Indonesia Terhadap Ketahanan Ekonomi Negara, Rizky Dea Alih Swasana, Adis Imam Munandar, Heru Subiyantoro

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Kebijakan kepemilikan asing di sektor Perbankan Indonesia sangat longgar jika dibandingkan dengan negara- negara sekitarnya. Pelonggaran sektor keuangan dilembagakan melalui Undang-Undang No. 10/1998 tentang Perbankan. Selain itu, dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (PP) No. 29/1999 tentang Pembelian Saham Bank Umum, mengatur bahwa pihak asing dapat memiliki saham bank komersial hingga 99 persen. Liberalisasi perbankan tidak terlepas dari kondisi ekonomi pada akhir tahun 1997 yang mengalami krisis ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kebijakan kepemilikan asing di sektor perbankan di Indonesia terhadap ketahanan ekonomi negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menganalisis kebijakan kepemilikan asing di sektor perbankan di Indonesia …

When Do Ties Bind? Foreign Fighters, Social Embeddedness, And Combatant Repertoires Of Behavior During Civil War, Pauline Luz Moore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

How does the extent to which rebel organizations are embedded into local conflict contexts - i.e. the extent to which they "fit in" or "stand out" from local populations - affect their behavior on and off the battlefield during civil war? This dissertation examines why rebel group propensities to engage in governance and violence during war vary at the macro and microlevels of analysis and uses as its point of departure the presence of foreign fighters in the ranks of rebel groups engaged in civil war. I employ a cross-national analysis of insurgencies from 1989-2011, and also conduct a theory-testing …