The Influence Of Covid-19 On Tobacco Racial Health Disparities: Testing The Differential Effects Of Covid-19 On Smoking Motivation Variables Across Black And White Smokers,
2023
University of South Florida
The Influence Of Covid-19 On Tobacco Racial Health Disparities: Testing The Differential Effects Of Covid-19 On Smoking Motivation Variables Across Black And White Smokers, Patricia F. Calixte-Civil
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated persistent racial differences in access and quality of healthcare resources that result in disproportionately poor health outcomes for Black and African Americans, relative to Whites. Given COVID-19’s influence on racial health disparities broadly, examination is warranted on whether the pandemic has more specificallyinfluenced smoking motivation and, subsequently, tobacco-related health disparities. The goal of this study was to test whether COVID-19 related video content differentially primed smoking motivation (cravings, cessation self-efficacy, and motivation to quit) among Black and White smokers. I used an online research platform to host an experiment with a 2x3 between-subjects factorial design …
The Association Between Covid-19 Exposure, Secondary Adversities, And Trauma Symptoms In Children,
2023
Saint John's University, Jamaica New York
The Association Between Covid-19 Exposure, Secondary Adversities, And Trauma Symptoms In Children, Maddi Gervasio
Theses and Dissertations
Natural disasters include direct exposure and secondary adversities (Chrisman & Dougherty, 2014). For youth, severity of disaster exposure and number of secondary adversities have been found to be positively associated with the severity of trauma-related psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (Giannopoulou et al., 2006). Preliminary studies suggest an interaction between trauma exposure severity and number of secondary adversities in the prediction of psychopathology. Notably, youth who experienced secondary adversities without directly experiencing the trauma exhibited heightened psychopathology (Kar, 2019), yet these children tend to be excluded from studies and missed when identifying children in need of services. …
Traversing The Jungle: Examining Analogy Use In Psychotherapy,
2023
Saint John's University, Jamaica New York
Traversing The Jungle: Examining Analogy Use In Psychotherapy, Shari Lieblich
Theses and Dissertations
Analogies are an important tool for supporting learning across many domains. In the context of psychotherapeutic interventions, analogies are often used in psychoeducation and are anecdotally known to be used by clinicians in sessions with patients. However, limited research has examined the use of analogies in clinical training materials, the frequency of analogy use by clinicians, clinicians’ knowledge of analogies, and the effects of analogy use on the therapeutic process. The aim of Study 1 was to investigate the presence of analogies in clinical literature. Results revealed that analogies are commonly included in treatment manuals and textbooks and that the …
Emotion Control, Overreactive Parenting, And Mothers’ Executive Functions,
2023
Saint John's University, Jamaica New York
Emotion Control, Overreactive Parenting, And Mothers’ Executive Functions, Serah Jaya Narine
Theses and Dissertations
Evidence suggests that mothers’ emotion control difficulties are associated with their self-reported and observed overreactive parenting. Specifically, mothers who have difficulties managing their negative emotions and experience more anger, are more likely to discipline harshly. In addition to this emotional process, evidence suggests that poorer cognitive executive function (EF) is also associated with mothers’ use of overreactive discipline. However, the association between EF performance and overreactive parenting is inconsistent. The purpose of this study is to assess how different EFs may moderate the association between emotion control and overreactive parenting. I hypothesized that (1) mothers’ emotion control would be negatively …
Intergenerational Transmission Of Parenting: The Childhood Correlates Of Rejection Sensitivity During Pregnancy And Subsequent Effects On Future Parenting,
2023
Long Island University
Intergenerational Transmission Of Parenting: The Childhood Correlates Of Rejection Sensitivity During Pregnancy And Subsequent Effects On Future Parenting, Preeya Desai
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
Adverse early childhood experiences, including trauma and rejecting parenting behaviors, have been shown to affect later functioning, including one’s sensitivity to rejection in interpersonal relationships. The current study aimed to examine the early predictors of rejection sensitivity in a sample of at-risk pregnant women whose thoughts about parenting may be particularly activated. It was hypothesized that less caring remembered parenting would be related to greater rejection sensitivity during pregnancy. In addition, a relationship between history of childhood trauma and rejection sensitivity in pregnancy was predicted in this sample. Participants included 83 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to receive an …
Schizotypy And Theory Of Mind: The Roles Of Emotion Regulation Difficulties And Negative Affect,
2023
Long Island University
Schizotypy And Theory Of Mind: The Roles Of Emotion Regulation Difficulties And Negative Affect, Richard Andrew Norman Glisker
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
Theory of mind (ToM) impairment, emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, and negative affect have been identified as major deficits in schizotypy. The existing literature on schizotypy and ToM has yielded inconsistent findings, with some studies finding ToM deficits in overall schizotypy, other studies finding ToM deficits in only specific schizotypy dimensions, and other studies finding no ToM deficits in schizotypy at all. The current study proposed to address these discrepant findings by using a measure of overall schizotypy, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised (Updated; SPQ-BRU) and a new measure specific schizotypy dimensions, the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). The current study used …
Aggression, Avoidance, Shame And Narcissism In Fragile Masculinity,
2023
Long Island University
Aggression, Avoidance, Shame And Narcissism In Fragile Masculinity, Israel Zev Meth
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
The overwhelming representation of males in physically aggressive acts and violent crime suggests that masculinity contributes to the gender discrepancy. Fragile masculinity, a term denoting the cultural mandate and the individual’s perception that manhood is precarious, has been posited as particularly meaningful in understanding the etiology of aggression and relational avoidance in men. Empirical work suggests that there is a link among these constructs (Vandello, 2013), but the literature has not fully explored variables that may inform or impact these connections. Based on psychodynamic theories of narcissism, shame and aggression, this study aimed to empirically test their impact. Mediation and …
The Avoidance Of Shame: A Function Of Anxiety In Insecure Attachment,
2023
Long Island University
The Avoidance Of Shame: A Function Of Anxiety In Insecure Attachment, Sasha Justine Mann
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a distressing condition characterized by excessive worry, and treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory. Research has identified worry as an avoidance mechanism to manage interpersonal and emotional distress. Insecure attachment creates vulnerabilities for GAD, and research has demonstrated that emotion dysregulation plays an explanatory role in the association between insecure attachment and anxiety symptoms. The current study supported the role of emotion dysregulation in GAD for individuals with insecure attachment. Shame, measured explicitly and implicitly, was investigated as an additional mediator in the relationship between insecure attachment and anxiety. A sample of 355 adults completed self-report …
Experiences Of Self And Other In The Development Of Psychopathy: Examining The Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment Through Attachment, Mentalization, Cognitive Empathy, And Dissociation,
2023
Long Island University
Experiences Of Self And Other In The Development Of Psychopathy: Examining The Effects Of Childhood Maltreatment Through Attachment, Mentalization, Cognitive Empathy, And Dissociation, Jenna Adele Rose
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
Though psychopathy is a construct that garners much attention for its insidious and destructive impact on society, its etiology has been understudied. Conceptualized as being comprised of factor 1 (affective, interpersonal) and factor 2 (behavioral) traits, much existing research focuses on the development of the more easily observable factor 2 traits. Childhood maltreatment and disorganized attachment have been identified as key factors leading to the development of psychopathy. The current study utilized psychodynamic theories to narrow in on additional factors that may influence this relationship, such as mentalization, cognitive empathy, and dissociation, and sought to test them empirically. While all …
Experiences Of Discrimination And The Role Of Intrapsychic Protective Factors In Black Americans,
2023
Long Island University
Experiences Of Discrimination And The Role Of Intrapsychic Protective Factors In Black Americans, Jacquelyn Alexis Reed
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
Research has established a relationship between experiences of discrimination in Black Americans and negative outcomes in physical and mental health. Studies in this branch of the literature have largely relied on self-reports or qualitative methods for assessing these relationships. This study took a different approach and utilized an experimental model, presenting video vignettes depicting microaggressions as a stimulus meant to activate the affective reactions that arise when individuals experience microaggressions in the real world. Experiences of microaggressions and perceived racism were used to assess participants’ lifetime experiences of discrimination and compared to their levels of explicit and implicit negative affect …
Reactions To Evidence Of White Privilege By Clinical Psychologists,
2023
Long Island University
Reactions To Evidence Of White Privilege By Clinical Psychologists, Felicia Rebecca Sitrin
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
White cultural norms harm psychotherapy clients of the global majority. Racial microaggressions committed by White clinical psychologists threaten therapeutic alliance and treatment. Engagement with the advantages of being White is necessary for clinical psychologists to provide ethical therapy, but engagement is limited by defensive reactions to White privilege. This study intended to reveal defensive responses that arise in White clinical psychologists when they read about privilege with the goal of increasing awareness for the betterment of the field. The study hypothesized that White privilege exposure would predict increased colorblind racial attitudes (CBRA), increased racial system justification (RSJ), increased White racial …
The Effects Of Music On Emotion Regulation And Stress In Test Performance,
2023
Long Island University
The Effects Of Music On Emotion Regulation And Stress In Test Performance, Jorge Eduardo Alvarenga
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of music on stress and emotion regulation and whether the emotional valence of the music attended to would result in differences in the resulting stress and emotion dysregulation experienced by individuals. A sample of 181 college students, ages 18-50 were recruited via posted flyers and a digital portal for students to volunteer in studies in exchange for class credit and were then randomly assigned to one of two music conditions (music with positive or negative emotional valence). The sample completed a number of self-report measures related to positive and …
Contributing Factors To Bulimic Symptoms In A Food-Insecure Population: An Expansion Of The Dual Pathway Model Of Bulimic Pathology,
2023
Long Island University
Contributing Factors To Bulimic Symptoms In A Food-Insecure Population: An Expansion Of The Dual Pathway Model Of Bulimic Pathology, Olivia Rose Seligman
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
The present study assessed a proposed model developed to explain the relationship between food insecurity and bulimic symptoms (Hazzard et al., 2020). Within this model, body dissatisfaction and food insecurity severity are parallel independent variables. Dietary restraint and shame mediate the relationships between both independent variables and bulimic symptoms (Hazzard et al., 2020). The present sample included 198 adults who were experiencing food insecurity. The majority of participants identified as women (n = 170) and Latina/o (n = 178). Participants completed self-report measures for all variables. On an exploratory basis, body dissatisfaction was measured implicitly. A path analysis was used …
No Pain, No Gain? Attachment Anxiety, Sensory Processing Sensitivity, And Empathy In A Therapist Sample,
2023
Long Island University
No Pain, No Gain? Attachment Anxiety, Sensory Processing Sensitivity, And Empathy In A Therapist Sample, Dara Salem
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
This study used the wounded healer phenomenon, which suggests that people who have undergone experiences of suffering may have acquired empathic strengths allowing them to be more effective healers (e.g., Wolgien & Coady, 1997), as a springboard from which to explore issues related to distress and empathy in a therapist sample. It proposed anxious attachment and sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), constructs which have been associated with both distress and empathic ability, as operationalizations of the wounded healer phenomenon. Using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET-R; Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), this study explored whether these variables may promote …
Integrating Dynamic And Cognitive Perspectives On Postpartum Depression In Mothers During The First Year After Birth,
2023
Long Island University
Integrating Dynamic And Cognitive Perspectives On Postpartum Depression In Mothers During The First Year After Birth, Sarah Altee Kalmenson Pinson
Selected Full-Text Dissertations 2020-
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is the most common complication of childbirth, impacting the development of children as well as the wellbeing of mothers and families. Several psychological factors have been found to be associated with PPD, including insecure attachment, self-criticism, dependency, and distorted beliefs about motherhood. However, attachment research has yielded conflicting findings regarding which attachment style is most associated with PPD. Additionally, dependency has been found to be either a protective or a risk factor for PPD in the perinatal population. Further, the cognitive research has not examined factors impacting distorted beliefs about motherhood. Finally, self-criticism, dependency, and distorted beliefs …
Adaptive Functioning And Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptom Severity In Childhood: Parent Perception Vs Clinician Rating,
2023
Nova Southeastern University
Adaptive Functioning And Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptom Severity In Childhood: Parent Perception Vs Clinician Rating, Corin Lillian Osborn
Theses and Dissertations
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurocognitive developmental disorder that impacts over one percent of the population. As of 2016, one in 64 children were diagnosed with ASD by four years of age, with males receiving the diagnosis 3.5 times more often than females (Shaw et al. 2020). Research also indicates that ASD prevalence varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity (Diguiseppi et al., 2016). These differences may be a result of differential access to resources, a connection between SES and race/ethnicity, measure sensitivity to child sex, cultural differences in sensitivity to symptomatology, or a true difference in ASD presentation. …
A Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Evaluation Of An Independence Intervention To Treat Child Anxiety,
2023
Long Island University
A Nonconcurrent Multiple Baseline Evaluation Of An Independence Intervention To Treat Child Anxiety, Matthew Fastman M.S.
Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-
Rates of child and adolescent anxiety have increased markedly over the past decade (Haidt & Twenge 2021; Parodi et al., 2021). Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy is considered the gold standard in the treatment of anxious children (Hofmann et al., 2012). However, many clinicians refrain from using exposure due to concerns about its safety, effectiveness, and ethics (Deacon et al., 2013; Whiteside et al., 2016). We propose a novel treatment approach for child and adolescent anxiety that draws on research in child development (e.g. Daddis, 2011) and is considerably simpler to administer than traditional exposure-based approaches. This new approach is composed of …
The Mental Health Impact Of Intensive Mothering Ideology On Contemporary Mothers,
2023
Long Island University
The Mental Health Impact Of Intensive Mothering Ideology On Contemporary Mothers, Allison Kresch Levine B.A., B.F.A., M.S.
Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-
This research explored how exposure to Intensive Mothering Ideology (IMI) may impact maternal mental health in modern mothers. Susan Hays coined the IMI term in 1996, inspiring a significant body of research around the topic which has shown that mothers generally process intensive mothering discourse contextually with consideration for unique era-specific societal challenges (Constantinou, Varela, & Buckby, 2021; Hays, 1996). To this author’s knowledge, there have been no general examinations of the impact of IMI on maternal mental health since before the outbreak of COVID-19 (though there have been a few pointed examinations of IMI in relation to the pandemic). …
The Moderating Effects Of Religious/Spiritual Coping On The Depression-Suicidal Thoughts Relationship,
2023
Long Island University
The Moderating Effects Of Religious/Spiritual Coping On The Depression-Suicidal Thoughts Relationship, Rebecca Aryeh M.S.
Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-
Religious coping refers to the various ways individuals respond to distress, involving cognitive, emotional, and behavioral approaches centered around their religious or spiritual (R/S) beliefs. This coping mechanism can be classified into two main facets: positive religious coping, which involves constructive approaches, and negative religious coping, encompassing struggles in the spiritual realm. During periods of depression, some individuals rely on religious or spiritual coping mechanisms. Currently, there is a lack of research examining the moderating effect of positive and negative religious coping on the relationship between depression and suicidal thoughts, especially within the Jewish community. The primary objective of the …
Origins Of Fear Of Intimacy: The Effects Of Parental Involvement And Attachment Style,
2023
University of Central Florida
Origins Of Fear Of Intimacy: The Effects Of Parental Involvement And Attachment Style, Victoria M. Perez
Honors Undergraduate Theses
The present study explores the origins of fear of intimacy, specifically assessing parental involvement and attachment style. Correlations between each variable were analyzed and a mediation model was explored as well. Participants in this study (N = 372; mean age = 25.78; 86% female) completed scales to measure parental care, parental overprotection, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of intimacy. Data was analyzed to reveal correlational results that support the hypotheses. Negative correlations were found between parental care and attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of intimacy. Parental overprotection was positively correlated with attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of …
