Engineering Physics Commons^™

Physics-Informed Temperature Prediction Of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Decomposition-Enhanced Lstm And Bilstm Models, Seyed Saeed Madani, Yasmin Shabeer, Michael Fowler, Satyam Panchal, Carlos Ziebert, Hicham Chaoui, François Allard

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Accurately forecasting the operating temperature of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is essential for preventing thermal runaway, extending service life, and ensuring the safe operation of electric vehicles and stationary energy-storage systems. This work introduces a unified, physics-informed, and data-driven temperature-prediction framework that integrates mathematically governed preprocessing, electrothermal decomposition, and sequential deep learning architectures. The methodology systematically applies the governing relations to convert raw temperature measurements into trend, seasonal, and residual components, thereby isolating long-term thermal accumulation, reversible entropy-driven oscillations, and irreversible resistive heating. These physically interpretable signatures serve as structured inputs to machine learning and deep learning models trained on temporally …

Mtl_Tx: A Multi-Task Transformer Model For Improved Radiation Time-Series Estimation, Hongfang Zhang, Adam Stavola, Hal Ferguson, Bence Budavari, Hongyi Wu, Chiman Kwan, Jiang Li

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Controlling radiation doses at potential radioactive facilities is critical to ensuring the safety of both personnel and the public. At the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), multiple sensors are deployed around the three experimental halls to monitor key parameters, including single-beam current, energy levels, current leakage, and radiation values during accelerator operations. In this study, we developed a Multi-task Transformer model, MTL_TX, to accurately estimate radiation doses at sensor locations based on historical data, with the aim of enhancing safety in accelerator facilities and surrounding public areas. To improve estimation accuracy, we integrated two innovative components into the proposed …

Utilizing Computer Modeling To Optimize Electric Fields Within Xenon Time Projection Chambers, Miles Meloni

Honors Theses

XENONnT is a physics experiment designed with the goal of detecting dark matter particles. The detector is a time projection chamber; a series of charged electrodes creates an electric field, surrounding a central body filled with liquid and gaseous xenon. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), positioned on either end of the chamber, serve to detect light signals. We seek to minimize the root mean square of the electric field norms experienced by the PMTs. This quantity corresponds to the variance in the electric field observed by the PMTs. Establishing a consistent electric field is important to maintaining these sensitive components. The electric …

Physics-Based Multi-Hazard Fragility Modeling Of Low-Rise Wood-Frame Buildings Under Hurricane-Induced Wind And Surge, Mumtasirun Nahar, Abdullah M. Braik, Mohammad Syed, Maria Koliou, Petros Sideris

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Coastal buildings are exposed to concurrent hurricane-induced wind and storm surge, yet their vulnerability is commonly assessed using separate single-hazard models that neglect hazard interaction. This study developed a physics-based finite element framework to evaluate the performance of a low-rise light wood-frame building under simultaneous wind and surge-wave loading. A detailed three-dimensional model was constructed using a sub-assembly strategy that explicitly represented framing members, sheathing systems, and critical connections. Structural response was evaluated across a hazard space defined by wind speed, still-water depth, and flow velocity, and component- and system-level fragility functions were derived using Monte Carlo simulation and generalized …

Explainable Physics-Based Constraints On Reinforcement Learning For Accelerator Optimization, Jonathan Colen, Malachi Schram, Kishansingh Rajput, Armen Kasparian

Data Science Faculty Publications

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) framework for optimizing particle accelerator experiments that builds explainable physics-based constraints on agent behavior. The goal is to increase transparency and trust by letting users verify that the agent’s decision-making process incorporates suitable physics. Our algorithm uses a learnable surrogate function for physical observables, such as energy, and uses them to fine-tune how actions are chosen. This surrogate can be represented by a neural network or by an interpretable sparse dictionary model. We test our algorithm on a range of particle accelerator optimization environments designed to emulate the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility at …

Variational Autoencoder Inverse Mapper For Extraction Of Compton Form Factors: Benchmarks And Conditional Learning, Douglas Adams, Md Fayaz Bin Hossen, Joshua Bautista, Gia-Wei Chern, Simonetta Liuti, Marie Boër, Marija Čuić, Michael Engelhardt, Gary R. Goldstein, Huey-Wen Lin, Yaohang Li

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Deeply virtual exclusive scattering processes (DVES) serve as precise probes of nucleon quark and gluon distributions in coordinate space. These distributions are derived from generalized parton distributions (GPDs) via Fourier transform relative to proton momentum transfer. QCD factorization theorems enable DVES to be parameterized by Compton form factors (CFFs), which are convolutions of GPDs with perturbatively calculable kernels. Accurate extraction of CFFs from DVCS, benefiting from interference with the Bethe–Heitler (BH) process and a simpler final state structure, is essential for inferring GPDs. This paper focuses on extracting CFFs from DVCS data using a variational autoencoder inverse mapper (VAIM) and …

Enhanced Hydrophilicity And Self-Cleaning Properties Of Tio₂ Thin Films On Glass For Photovoltaic Applications: Influence Of Precursor Concentration And Light Irradiation, Fatma Refaat, Hany Hashem, Mohamed Mahmoud Gouda, Ibrahim Ahmed, Khaled Abdelwahed, Ahmed Bakr El Basaty

Trends in advanced sciences and technology

This study investigates the modification of glass substrates with TiO₂ thin films to enhance surface hydrophilicity and self-cleaning behavior. The films were deposited on glass by spin coating using different precursor concentrations, followed by thermal treatment. Structural and optical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy, while surface wettability was evaluated through water contact angle measurements. XRD confirmed the formation of pure anatase TiO₂, while FTIR spectra verified the presence of Ti–O and Ti–O–Ti bonds. Wettability analysis showed that films prepared with the lowest precursor concentration exhibited the …

Ai-Enabled Digital Twins And Optimization Workflows For Accelerator Control, M. Yadav, A. Seryi, B. Terzic, J. Bird, J. Delayen, K. Makino, K. Ahmed, L. Van Riesen-Haupt, Q. Su, S. De Silva, S. Hossain, T. Griffin, T. Satogata

Physics Faculty Publications

We propose to develop advanced ML models, such as physics informed neural network (PINN) based surrogate models, to accurately represent accelerator phase space transport. These surrogate models will enable precise diagnosis and prediction of beam phase space evolution along the beamline, facilitating real-time control and optimization. The developed models will be tested using the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab), providing a pathway toward ML-driven enhanced diagnostics and beamline control in operational accelerator environments. The primary aim will be to facilitate this by developing machine learning models that outperform traditional simulations in speed and …

Exploring Causes Of Beam Loss At Cebaf, C. Matthews, J. Benesch, R. M. Bodenstein, B. Freeman, D. Moser, D. Turner, K. Price, J. Samari, B. Terzić

Physics Faculty Publications

At Jefferson Lab, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator (CEBAF) features a unique design with two linear accelerators and two arc sections allowing for multiple turns of the electron beam, as well as four experimental end stations. This topology leads to increased beam losses, especially in the spreader and recombiner regions connecting the arcs to the LINACs and in the extraction regions connecting the experimental end stations to the accelerator. These losses result in equipment activation and operational interruptions. Recent upgrades to the facility’s diagnostic systems, including the addition of xenon ion chambers, have provided higher-resolution data regarding these loss events. …

K-Long Facility At Jlab, Moskov Amaryan

Physics Faculty Publications

In this talk I present the outline of K-long Facility (KLF) at JLab [1]. It was approved by PAC48 in 2020 to run for 200 days of beamtime, equally divided between liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets, to measure dozens of hyperon states predicted by CQM and LQCD but not yet established. This facility also will allow to measure Kπ scattering in different channels to observe the so-called ᴷ scalar meson and measure its width and position with unprecedented accuracy. Finally, it will be shown that exotic baryons can be measured at this facility in formation reactions with a two-body final …

Reaching The Intrinsic Performance Limits Of Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors Up To 0.1 Mm Wide, Kristen M. Parzuchowski, Eli Mueller, Bakhrom G. Oripov, Benedikt Hampel, Ravin A. Chowdhury, Sahil R. Patel, Daniel Kuznesof, Emma K. Batson, Ryan Morgenstern, Robert H. Hadfield, Varun B. Verma, Matthew D. Shaw, Jason P. Allmaras, Martina J. Stevens, Alex Gurevich, Adam N. Mccaughan

Physics Faculty Publications

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors combine high detection efficiency, low noise, and excellent timing resolution, making them a leading platform for photon-counting applications. However, despite decades of materials and fabrication research, detector performance has never been shown to match theoretical performance expectations. Here, we demonstrate in situ tuning of a detector from its typical, suboptimal operation, to a regime limited only by material quality, allowing the device to reach its intrinsic performance limit. Our approach is based on current-biased superconducting “rails” placed on either side of the detector that redistribute current across its width to achieve peak performance. This technique reduces …

A Survey On Generative Ai For Detector Effects Unfolding In Particle And Nuclear Physics, Tareq Alghamdi, Tommaso Vittorini, Jitao Xu, Marco Battaglieri, Derek I. Glazier, Glòria Montaña, Giorgio Foti, Alessandro Pilloni, Nobuo Sato, Yaohang Li

Computer Science Faculty Publications

In particle and nuclear physics, “detector effects unfolding” can be viewed as a highdimensional inverse problem whose goal is to recover the true event distributions from observed experimental data corrupted by detector-induced distortions. Recent advances in generative AI have positioned data-driven and machine learning-based approaches as powerful alternatives to traditional unfolding techniques, offering superior scalability to high-dimensional data, capability of learning complex detector responses, and the ability to operate directly at the event level. We survey state-of the-art generative AI-based models for detector folding and unfolding. We review existing architectures and training strategies, and highlight recent methodological advances and open …

Satellite-Mediated Quantum Clock Synchronization: Towards Precise Timing At A Global Scale, Sage B. Ducoing

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Accurate timekeeping is essential for scientific and technological advancements, particularly in areas of communication, networking, navigation, and high precision measurements. While many methods of time resolution are already established using classical resources, they fail to combine high precision outcomes with large-scale implementations. Additionally, numerous quantum networking architectures using satellite-assisted methods have demonstrated quantum communication on scales exceeding ground-based methods. For these reasons, we propose the use of a time synchronization method by which pairs of highly time-correlated photons are exchanged between clocks on satellites and clocks on Earth, al- lowing users to reconstruct the time offsets between their clocks. This …

Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oil-Based Microdroplets: A Promising Novel Class Of Microdroplets, Ramiz S. Alejilat

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Droplet-based microfluidics has rapidly advanced numerous fields, including chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, food science, and cosmetics. In these systems, fluorocarbon oil combined with fluorinated surfactants is the preferred medium for fluid encapsulation, offering exceptional stability and biocompatibility essential for sensitive biological and chemical processes. However, growing concerns about the environmental and biological risks associated with fluorinated chemicals have prompted a search for alternatives.

This study is the first to explore the use of unsaturated fatty acids derived from emu oil for microdroplet formation. We characterized droplet formation based on flow rates and the presence non-fluorinated surfactant at a certain …

Simulation Of Rocket Response To Electromagnetic Environments Using Finite Element Modeling, Eden Powers

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

The purpose of this project is to develop a rocket model in FEMAP with NX-Nastran to simulate how a rocket might respond when exposed to external electromagnetic conditions. A simplified model of the SpaceX Starship will be constructed and analyzed to explore how various electromagnetic conditions interact with the rocket’s materials and geometry.

Dynamic Lqr Control For Improved Dc Link Voltage Stability In Grid-Integrated Solar Pv System, Peter Makolo, Mwanajuma Gora, Francis Mwasilu, Jackson Justo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into power grids poses a significant challenge to voltage stability, especially at the DC link. Fluctuations in solar irradiance directly cause power variations and instability in this critical interface. If not properly controlled, this variability can lead to inefficiencies, equipment damage, and widespread grid disturbances. To address the abovementioned challenge, this paper proposes a dynamic converter control strategy designed to enhance DC link voltage stability in grid-integrated solar PV system. The core of the proposed control system is based on a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) mechanism, implemented within a two-stage, PV grid connected system …

Early Theories On Fluid Resistance And Translation Of Euler’S “Dilucidationes De Resistentia Fluidorum”, Sylvio R. Bistafa

Euleriana

In 1763, Euler published Dilucidationes de resistentia fluidorum (Explanations on the resistance of fluids), a memoir that challenges the fluid resistance theories proposed by Isaac Newton and d’Alembert. Euler's work explores the resistance experienced by solid bodies moving through fluids, critiquing both Newton's "common rule" and d’Alembert's paradox, which predicted zero resistance for non-viscous fluids. Euler's treatise is divided into two parts: the first focuses on the mathematical modeling of fluid flow patterns, while the second addresses the calculation of fluid resistance on surfaces. Despite significant advancements, Euler's work remains constrained by the limitations of non-viscous fluid assumptions, ultimately grappling …

Low-Cost Cutaneous Protoporphyrin Ix (Ppix) Detection (Cpd) Device For Follow-Up Monitoring Of Patients After Photodynamic Therapy, Md Asaduzzaman Rasel

Graduate Masters Theses

Background: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) utilizes specific wavelengths of light to activate photosensitizing chemical compounds, known as photosensitizers, which induce the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the targeted destruction of cancer cells. Among various photosensitizers for PDT, Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is widely employed in oncology and dermatology due to its natural in situ generation via the metabolic conversion of 5- aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a non-phototoxic prodrug. Systemic administration of ALA after 3-6 hr drug delay leads to peak PpIX accumulation in tissues, facilitating therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, PpIX can persist in the skin for 24–48 hours post-treatment, …

Self Spin-Orbit Torques, Ryan Greening

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Spin–Orbit torques (SOTs) provide an energy-efficient pathway to control magnetization in nanoscale heterostructures. Recently, spin-orbit coupling within ferromagnets has been shown to generate self spin-orbit torques (SSOTs) on the magnetization itself. Previous work on self spin-orbit torques relies on thick ferromagnets with complicated film structures with chemical disorder or compositional gradients to generate inversion symmetry breaking. This dissertation advances experimental methodology and presents data on the quantification of self spin-orbit torques in magnetic thin films due to the spin-orbit coupling of standard 3d ferromagnets.

First, I develop an oblique-incidence magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) technique that exploits a mirror-assisted double reflection …

Improving High Frequency Absorptive Filters For Quantum Computing, Christopher B. Sutton

Graduate Masters Theses

Coaxial transmission lines in superconducting quantum circuits are subject to infrared radiation (IR) leakage as signals travel from room temperature (≈ 300 K) to low temperature (≈ 10 mK). Current experimental configurations typically include an epoxy based filter on all cables connecting classical devices (pulse generators, VNA, etc.) to the quantum circuit. The epoxy is characterized by its dielectric properties per unit length and acts as an absorber, attenuating IR noise. Historically, such IR filters have been fabricated by the experimentalists who require them, more recently they have become commercially available. This work investigates the performance of filters which were …