Cancer Biology Commons^™

Utilizing Mass Spectrometry Imaging To Correlate N-Glycosylation Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Tumor Subtypes For Biomarker Discovery, Andrew Delacourt

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths globally and is a growing clinical problem with poor survival outcomes beyond early-stage disease. Surveillance for HCC has primarily relied on ultrasound and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), but combined they only have a sensitivity of 63% for early-stage HCC tumors, suggesting a need for improved diagnostic strategies. Alterations to N-glycan expression are relevant to the progression of cancer, and there a multitude of N-glycan-based cancer biomarkers that have been identified with sensitivity for various cancer types including HCC. Spatial HCC tissue profiling of N-linked glycosylation by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging …

Jak2/Stat5 Pathway Mutation Frequencies In South African Bcr/Abl Negative Mpn Patients, Shires K, Rust A, Harryparsad R, Coburn J, Gopie R

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Background: Mutations in JAK2/STAT5 proliferation pathway genes are key in the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNBCR/ABLneg), with JAK2V617F being found in 50-97% of MPNBCR/ABLneg subtypes. Low JAK2V617F positivity at our facility suggested that our South African MPNBCR/ABLneg population may have a different mutational landscape. Objectives: We aimed to determine the JAK2/STAT5 mutation frequencies associated with our local MPNBCR/ABLneg population, thus determining the relevance of these molecular tests in this group. We also investigated the haematopathological relevance of each test request, to assess testing practises. Method: This study involved the retrospective audit of 886 patients for whom JAK2V617F mutation testing had …

Acquired Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Review Of Therapeutic Options, Syed Ather Hussain, Aneeqa Zafar, Hafsa Faisal, Mohammad Ammad Ud Din

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura (AATP) is a rare bone marrow disorder characterized by either a marked decrease or a complete absence of megakaryocytes with preservation of all other cell lines. More than 60 cases of AATP have been reported in literature thus far. Due to the rarity of this disease, no standard treatment guidelines have been established and therapy is based on a handful of case studies and expert opinion. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on currently utilized therapeutic options for AATP.

Mirna-489 Induces Immunogenic Cell Death In Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells, Ryan P. Titus

Senior Theses

It has been well established that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and consequently promoting or downregulating molecular pathways. When dysregulated, miRNAs have been found to serve as important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and influence tumor initiation and progression. It has been previously established that miRNA-489 is a tumor suppressor microRNA, and it directly targets cell proliferative pathways like the HER2-SHP2-MAPK pathway. In this study, we focus on the role of miRNA-489, in the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. We first examined the effects of miRNA-489 on …

Functional Analysis Provides Insight Into Missing Heritability, Scott L. Baughan, Michael A. Tainsky, Fatima Darwiche

Medical Student Research Symposium

Accurate ascertainment of genetic risk can be potentially lifesaving for patients who inherit cancer promoting mutations. However, even with the most extensive panel testing clinically available, a large number of patients will test negative despite family history of cancer or test positive for a variant of unknown significance (VUS). For these patients, clinical management is complicated; patients want to know their risk, and may fear disease they are not at great risk for (benign VUS) or they may not be given access to potentially lifesaving early screening procedures (pathogenic VUS). ATM has proven a challenge to clinicians due to its …

Biomarker Metabolite Discovery For Pancreatic Cancer Using Machine Learning, Immanuelle Kezia, Linda Erlina, Aryo Tedjo, Fadilah Fadilah

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. This cancer is caused by multiple factors and mostly detected at late stadium. Biomarker is a marker that can identify some diseases very specific. For pancreatic cancer, biomarker has been recognized using blood sample known as liquid biopsy, breath, pancreatic secret, and tumor marker CA19-9. Those biomarkers are invasive, so we want to identify the disease using a very convenient method. Metabolite is product from cell metabolism. Metabolites can become a biomarker especially from difficult diseases. In this paper, we want to find biomarker from metabolite using machine learning …

Split And Join: An Efficient Approach For Simulating Stapled Intestinal Anastomosis In Virtual Reality, Di Qi, Suvranu De

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

Colorectal cancer is a life-threatening disease. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Stapled anastomosis is a rapid treatment for colorectal cancer and other intestinal diseases and has become an integral part of routine surgical practice. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no existing work simulating intestinal anastomosis that often involves sophisticated soft tissue manipulations such as cutting and stitching. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a novel split and join approach to simulate a side-to-side stapled intestinal anastomosis in virtual reality. We mimic the intestine model using …

Detection And Relative Quantitation Of Changes In Gene Expression Of Heat Shock Proteins 27 (Hsp27), Hsp 70, Hsp 90 And Hsp 47 In Doxorubicin-Exposed Human Cells By Rt-Qpcr, Steve Lee, Christopher So Dr.

Annual Research Symposium

Gene expression

Cell cultures

Heat shock proteins

Effects Of B4galnt1 Expression On Metastatic Phenotype And Response To Treatment In Osteosarcoma Cell Lines, Fatemeh Zareihajiabadi

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Low Molecular Weight Cyclin E Deregulates Dna Replication And Damage Repair To Promote Genomic Instability In Breast Cancer, Mi Li

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Low molecular weight cyclin E (LMW-E) are oncogenic forms of cyclin E that are post translationally generated by neutrophil elastase (NE) mediated cleavage of the 50 KDa full-length cyclin E1 (FL-cycE, encoded by CCNE1gene). The resultant N-terminus deleted (40 amino acids) form of LMW-E is detected in breast cancer cells and tumor tissues, but not in normal mammary epithelial cells or adjacent normal tissues. Unlike FL-cycE, LMW-E drives mammary epithelial cell transformation in human cells and spontaneous mammary tumor formation in transgenic mouse models, but the oncogenic mechanisms of LMW-E and its unique function(s) independent of FL-cycE are not …

Predicting If Lung Cancer Will Relapse—The Role Of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Abigail Chan, Søren Bentzen, Amit Rout, Kenneth Miller

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Objective/Background: Baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a surrogate marker for systemic inflammation and immunosuppression, is a well-studied prognostic marker in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study tests if interim NLR is prognostic in NSCLC patients in remission. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study analyzed 131 NSCLC patients treated from 2010 to 2015 who achieved complete remission. NLR was calculated at baseline and from the first available blood sample during remission. Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence were compared using the log-rank test for trend. Multivariable analysis was conducted using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of …

Impact Of Pre-Transplant Induction Therapy On Outcomes Of Patients Who Undergo Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation For Mantle Cell Lymphoma In First Complete Remission, Omar Albanyan, Samer Alkassis, Seongho Kim, Andrew Kin, Asif Alavi, Lois Ayash, Voravit Ratanatharathorn, Dipenkumar Modi, Joseph P. Uberti, Abhinav Deol

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with poor prognosis and continue to be challenging to treat. The choice of first line induction regimen remains a topic of debate due paucity of clinical trials. We retrospectively evaluated 66 patients diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma who achieved first complete response after induction chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Treatment groups were divided into lowintensity versus high-intensity regimens. Our data showed the intensity of induction regimen does not impact posttransplant outcomes of mantle cell lymphoma who underwent autologous stem cell transplant in first complete response.

Promising Effect Of Pdl1 Inhibitors In The Front-Line Management Of Primary Aggressive Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Case Report, Rasha El-Tawab, Abdulaziz Hamada, Rehab Elhagracy, Karen Pinto, Salem Alshemmari

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare lymphoma that involves the central nervous system. The standard treatment involves chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of employing checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, alone to treat a patient with PCNSL who could not tolerate the induction therapy. In aggressive cases of PCNSL where chemotherapy may become futile, stand-alone checkpoint inhibitors should be considered as the front-line treatment protocol.

Predictors And Management Of Relapse To Axicabtagene Ciloleucel In Patients With Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma, Jose Vicente Forero-Forero, Paula A. Lengerke-Diaz, Eider Moreno-Cortes, Megan Melody, Zaid Abdel Rahman, Allison C. Rosenthal, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Januario E. Castro

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Objective/background: Despite the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (aNHL), some patients still fail treatment, and their prognosis is dismal. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of aNHL patients treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at two Mayo Clinic centers between 2018 and 2020. We evaluated predictive factors, toxicities, and responses to salvage regimens after CAR T-cell therapy. Results: Thirty-four patients received axi-cel with a median length of hospitalization of 14 days. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome of any grade occurred in 91% and 41% of patients, respectively. …

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Pneumonitis: Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, And Outcomes, Harsha Banavasi, Seongho Kim, Samer Alkassis, Asil Daoud, Amir Laktineh, Misako Nagasaka, Ammar Sukari, Ayman O. Soubani

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the newest class of anticancer drugs. Pneumonitis is increasingly being recognized as a potential complication of these agents. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who received ICIs at a comprehensive cancer center. We collected data on demographics, type of malignancy, type of ICI agent, incidence of pneumonitis up to 6 weeks after receiving ICI agent, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for overall survival in patients who develop pneumonitis. Results: A total of 654 patients received ICIs during the study period. The most common type of cancer for which ICI was given was …

Changes In Heme Levels During Acute Vaso-Occlusive Crisis In Sickle Cell Anemia, Evilazio Cunha Cardoso, Pedro Vieira Silva-Neto, Bidossessi Wilfried Hounkpe, Francine Chenou, Cintia Cristina Mateus Xerez Albuquerque, Nadja Pinto Garcia, Alexander Leonardo Silva-Junior, Adriana Malheiro, Purim Cesar, Franciele De Lima, Erich V. De Paula, Nelson Abrahim Fraiji

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Objective/Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with increased levels of extracellular heme, which is a key mediator of inflammation in this condition. Despite abundant evidence supporting this concept in cell and animal models, few studies addressed the association between heme levels and the development and severity of acute vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) in humans. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with acute VOC. Total extracellular heme levels were measured in both plasma and serum at admission and after convalescence, and correlated with other clinical and laboratory markers of SCA severity. Results: A total of 28 episodes of VOC …

Diagnosis And Treatment Of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Literature Review, Dunya Yunus Alsomali, Nasir Bakshi, Mohamed Kharfan-Dabaja, Riad El Fakih, Mahmoud Aljurf

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate different diagnostic methods and the available treatment options for subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and CINAHL Plus for published case reports of SPTCL. From each record, we extracted data of the diagnostic methods, immunohistochemical profile, clinical characteristics, and the treatment approaches provided. Data were summarized and narratively synthesized to highlight the various diagnostic methods and treatment options of SPTCL. Results: Our literature search yielded 1293 unique citations. Following screening, nine articles reporting a total of 15 cases were included in this …

Cross Fire: Daratumumab-Based Therapies Are Standard Of Care In Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma, Neha Korde, Saad Z. Usmani

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

There is no abstract.

Current Status And Future Perspectives On The Internet Of Things In Oncology, Ibrahim N. Muhsen, Omar W. Rasheed, Eiad A. Habib, Rakan K. Alsaad, Mohannad K. Maghrabi, Md A. Rahman, Douglas Sicker, William A. Wood, Muhammad S. Beg, Anthony D. Sung, Shahrukh K. Hashmi

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

The Internet of Things (IoT) has penetrated many aspects of everyday human life. The use of IoT in healthcare has been expanding over the past few years. In this review, we highlighted the current applications of IoT in the medical literature, along with the challenges and opportunities. IoT use mainly involves sensors and wearables, with potential applications in improving the quality of life, personal health monitoring, and diagnosis of diseases. Our literature review highlights that the current main application studied in the literature is physical activity tracking. In addition, we discuss the current technologies that would help IoT-enabled devices achieve …

Efficacy And Safety Of Recombinant Thrombomodulin For The Prophylaxis Of Veno-Occlusive Complication In Allogeneiccit Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Richi Kashyap, Faiz Anwer, Muhammad Areeb Iqbal, Farhan Khalid, Anam Khan, Muhammad Ashar Ali, Muhammad Yasir Anwar, Anamika Chaudhary, Ali Jaan

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Background: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), also termed as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a lethal complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Various factors put patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT at an increased risk for VOD. Thrombomodulin (TM) is an important factor which has a wide range of effects, including anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and protective effect, on endothelial cells. It plays a role in preventing excessive coagulation and thrombosis by binding with thrombin and inhibiting the coagulation cascade. There are a limited number of options for the prevention of this fatal complication. Recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), an endothelial anticoagulant co-factor,

as prophylactic …